Xerostomia

Question 1

What are some of the functions of saliva?

Answer 1

maintain a neutral pH
remineralization of teeth
cleansing and shielding of teeth
lubrication of mouth
local antimicrobial activity
assists in taste, speech, swallowing
facilitate digestion and nutrition

Question 2

What is xerostomia?

Answer 2

50% reduction in saliva produced, or altered saliva composition/quality. Both quantity and quality are important

Question 3

What are potential disease causes of xerostomia?

Answer 3

Autoimmune disorders
Endocrine disorders
Genetic diseases
Others: HIV, primary billiary cirrhosis, etc

Question 4

What are red flags of xerostomia?

Answer 4

Comorbid coonditions (sjogren’s, depression, hyperlipidemia, uncontrolled hypertension/diabetes)
Concurrent radiation, medication or oxygen therapy
Severe tooth pain
Salivary gland swelling

Question 5

What OTC medications are often associated with xerostomia?

Answer 5

Antihistamines, decongestants

Question 6

What are direct signs and symptoms of xerostomia?

Answer 6

altered or loss of taste
difficulty swallowing, acid reflux/heartburn
Sensitive mucosa
Tooth decay
Halitosis
** among others

Question 7

What are indirect signs of xerostomia?

Answer 7

Dry eyes, nose, skin

Fatigue, weight loss, recurring vaginal infections

Question 8

What 4 questions can you ask to detect xerostomia?

Answer 8

Does the amount of saliva in your mouth seem to be too little?
Does your mouth feel dry when eating a meal?
Do you sip liquids to aid in swallowing dry food?
Do you have difficulty swallowing?

Question 9

What are nonpharmacologic strategies to prevent xerostomia?

Answer 9

Avoid sybstances that reduce salivation or erode tooth enamel
increase water intake
stimulate secretions by maintaining good oral hygiene or chew sugar-alcohol gum
Dental prophylaxis: use of fluoride containing products and soft-bristle toothbrushes