X6 Flashcards
The trachea bifurcates at approximately the level of:
a. C7, T1
b. T4-T5
c. T6-T7
d. T8-T9
b. T4-T5
The large indentation on the medial surface of the left lung is termed the _____ notch.
a. Costophrenic
b. Cardiophrenic
c. Cardiac
d. Hilar
c. Cardiac
The functional unit of the respiratory system is the:
a. Alveoli
b. Tertiary bronchi
c. Diaphragm
d. Visceral pleura
a. Alveoli
Where is the thymus gland located?
a. Posterior to the xiphoid process
b. Anterior to the sternal angle
c. Posterior to the manubrium
d. Anterior to the hilum
c. Posterior to the manubrium
Where is the thymus gland located?
a. Posterior to the xiphoid process
b. Anterior to the sternal angle
c. Posterior to the manubrium
d. Anterior to the hilum
c. Posterior to the manubrium
Which heart valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
a. Tricuspid
b. Bicuspid
c. Aortic semilunar
d. Pulmonary semilunar
c. Aortic semilunar
Which vessel supplies blood to the left atrium and ventricle?
a. Right coronary artery
b. Left coronary artery
c. Right subclavian artery
d. Left subclavian artery
b. Left coronary artery
The thoracic duct empties into the:
a. Ascending aorta
b. Left internal jugular vein
c. Left subclavian vein
d. Azygos vein
c. Left subclavian vein
Which muscles are located between the tubercle and angle of the ribs and help to elevate the ribs during respiration? a. Pectoralis major and minor b. Serratus anterior and posterior c. Subclavius d. Levatores costarum
d. Levatores costarum
Where is the lingula located within the lungs?
a. Inferoposterior surface of the left lung
b. Inferoanterior surface of the left lung
c. Inferoposterior surface of the right lung
d. Inferoanterior surface of the right lung
b. Inferoanterior surface of the left lung
In a chest radiograph, what structure forms the right border of the heart?
a. Right ventricle
b. Right atrium
c. Pulmonary trunk
d. Left atrium
b. Right atrium
What is the basic unit of pulmonary structure and function called?
a. Secondary pulmonary lobule
b. Interstitial tissue
c. Segmental bronchi
d. Acini
a. Secondary pulmonary lobule
Where is the foramen ovale located?
a. Between the right atrium and right ventricle
b. Between the left atrium and left ventricle
c. Within the interventricular septum
d. Within the interatrial septum
d. Within the interatrial septum
The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the:
a. Interatrial septum near the coronary sinus
b. Interventricular septum near the coronary sinus
c. Superior aspect of the left atrium
d. Superior aspect of the right atrium
d. Superior aspect of the right atrium
Which vessel is typically the most superior of the pulmonary vessels?
a. Right pulmonary artery
b. Right pulmonary vein
c. Left pulmonary artery
d. Left pulmonary vein
c. Left pulmonary artery
Which is the most posterior vessel arising from the arch of the aorta?
a. Brachiocephalic trunk
b. Right common carotid artery
c. Right subclavian artery
d. Left subclavian artery
d. Left subclavian artery
Which structure closely covers the outer surface of the lung?
a. Parietal pleura
b. Visceral pleura
c. Lingula
d. Interstitial septa
b. Visceral pleura
Which chamber of the heart receives the pulmonary veins?
a. Right atrium
b. Right ventricle
c. Left atrium
d. Left ventricle
c. Left atrium
Which structure attaches the diaphragm to the lumbar spine?
a. Medial arcuate ligament
b. Crus
c. Intercostal muscle
d. Central tendon
b. Crus
Which structure is considered the pacemaker of the heart?
a. Sinoatrial node
b. Bundle of His
c. Sinoventricular node
d. Atrioventricular node
a. Sinoatrial node
Which vessel does the circumflex artery branch from?
a. Right coronary artery
b. Left anterior descending artery
c. Posterior descending artery
d. Left coronary artery
d. Left coronary artery
Which vessel carries the majority of venous blood return from the heart muscle?
a. Coronary sinus
b. Great cardiac vein
c. Anterior cardiac vein
d. Middle cardiac vein
a. Coronary sinus
Which of the following is not one of the main branches of the celiac trunk?
a. Left gastric artery
b. Common hepatic artery
c. Splenic artery
d. Cystic artery
d. Cystic artery
Which vessel supplies blood to the descending colon?
a. Celiac trunk
b. Superior mesenteric artery
c. Inferior mesenteric artery
d. Suprarenal artery
c. Inferior mesenteric artery
Which veins ascend the abdomen along the psoas muscle, anterior to the ureters?
a. Lumbar
b. Gonadal
c. Renal
d. Mesenteric
b. Gonadal
The margins of the bare area of the liver are formed by the:
a. Falciform ligament
b. Ligamentum teres
c. Coronary ligaments
d. Epiploic foramen
c. Coronary ligaments
Which vessel lies in the interlobar fissure and drains hepatic segments IV, V, and VIII before entering the inferior vena cava? a. Right hepatic vein b. Middle hepatic vein c. Left hepatic vein d. Portal vein
b. Middle hepatic vein
What structure runs in the free margin of the falciform ligament?
a. Ligamentum teres
b. Lesser omentum
c. Round ligament
d. Gastroduodenal
c. Round ligament
What are the small fat-filled sacs of omentum that are found on the outer surface of the large intestine? a. Haustra b. Taenia coli c. Vermiform appendix d. Epiploic appendages
d. Epiploic appendages
Which of the following is a ligament of the lesser omentum?
a. Hepatoduodenal
b. Gastrocolic
c. Gastrophrenic
d. Falciform
a. Hepatoduodenal
What two vessels can commonly be found running through the head of the pancreas?
a. Common bile duct and gastrocolic artery
b. Superior mesenteric artery and gastrocolic artery
c. Superior mesenteric vein and common bile duct
d. Common bile duct and gastroduodenal artery
d. Common bile duct and gastroduodenal artery
As the interlobar arteries curve over the renal pyramids they become the _____ arteries.
a. Apical
b. Arcuate
c. Interlobular
d. Segmental
b. Arcuate
Which vessels are the first to branch off of the abdominal aorta?
a. Lumbar
b. Celiac trunk
c. Renal
d. Inferior phrenic
d. Inferior phrenic
The inguinal ligament is part of which muscle?
a. Internal oblique
b. External oblique
c. Obturator internus
d. Obturator externus
b. External oblique
Which ligaments extend through the inguinal canal and help prevent posterior movement of the uterus? a. Round b. Uterosacral c. Inguinal d. Cardinal
a. Round
What structure joins with the duct of the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct?
a. Spermatic cord
b. Vas deferens
c. Bulbourethral gland
d. Prostatic urethra
b. Vas deferens
Which of the following is not one of the zones dividing the prostate gland?
a. Central
b. Peripheral
c. Transition
d. Transverse
d. Transverse
Which of the following does not contribute to the formation of the hip bones?
a. Sacrum
b. Ilium
c. Pubis
d. Ischium
a. Sacrum
The iliac fossa is separated from the body of the ilium by an imaginary line called the:
a. Sacral promontory
b. Arcuate line
c. Pectineal line
d. Inferior pubic ramus
b. Arcuate line
What structure is located within the inguinal canal in females?
a. Suspensory ligament of the ovary
b. Cardinal ligament
c. Uterosacral ligament
d. Round ligament
d. Round ligament
What structure cools the blood in the testicular artery before it enters the testicles?
a. Inguinal ligament
b. Peritoneum
c. Vas deferens
d. Pampiniform plexus
d. Pampiniform plexus
What structure serves as the topographic landmark marking the posterior prostate in males and
the vaginal vault in females during a rectal exam?
a. Perineal flexure
b. Internal anal sphincter
c. Transverse rectal fold
d. Rectal ampulla
c. Transverse rectal fold
Which structure anchors the apex of the bladder to the anterior abdominal wall?
a. Median umbilical ligament
b. Medial umbilical ligament
c. Pubovesical ligament
d. Inguinal ligament
a. Median umbilical ligament
Which structure functions as support of the pelvic organs in females and can result in prolapse
of pelvic organs if torn during childbirth?
a. Broad ligament
b. Uterosacral ligament
c. Inguinal ligament
d. Perineal body
d. Perineal body
The pelvic outlet is measured from the tip of the coccyx to the:
a. Sacral promontory
b. Inferior margin of the pubic symphysis
c. Pelvic brim
d. Ischial spine
b. Inferior margin of the pubic symphysis
What delineates the boundaries between the abdominal and pelvic cavities?
a. Pelvic brim
b. Arcuate line
c. Obturator foramen
d. Lesser sciatic notch
a. Pelvic brim
Which of the following lymph node groups receive lymph from the posterior pelvic wall,
rectum, neck of the bladder and prostate or cervix?
a. Common iliac
b. Internal iliac
c. Sacral
d. Inguinal
c. Sacral
The infraspinatus tendon inserts on the:
a. Labrum
b. Bicipital groove
c. Greater tubercle
d. Coracoid process
c. Greater tubercle
Which ligament protects the humeral head from direct trauma?
a. Glenohumeral
b. Coracoacromial ligament
c. Coracoclavicular
d. Acromioclavicular
b. Coracoacromial ligament
What ligament in the elbow attaches to the annular ligament?
a. Ulnar collateral
b. Radial collateral
c. Biceps
d. Supinator
b. Radial collateral
Which of the following muscles is located in the posterior muscle group of the elbow?
a. Brachialis
b. Anconeus
c. Supinator
d. Pronator
b. Anconeus
The ulnar nerve is located between the \_\_\_\_\_ epicondyle of the humerus and the \_\_\_\_\_\_ process. a. Medial; Olecranon b. Lateral; Olecranon c. Medial; Coronoid d. Lateral; Coronoid
a. Medial; Olecranon
Which of the following carpal bones is located in the proximal row?
a. Trapezium
b. Hamate
c. Scaphoid
d. Capitate
c. Scaphoid
The major stabilizing element of the distal radioulnar joint is the:
a. Triangular fibrocartilage complex
b. Ulnar collateral ligaments
c. Intercarpal ligaments
d. Radial collateral ligaments
a. Triangular fibrocartilage complex
Which nerve courses through the carpal tunnel?
a. Ulnar
b. Median
c. Radial
d. Navicular
b. Median
What structure forms a bridge over the intertubercular groove for protection of the long head of the biceps tendon? a. Inferior glenohumeral ligament b. Transverse humeral ligament c. Axillary pouch d. Inferior glenoid labrum
b. Transverse humeral ligament
Where does the short head of the biceps brachii muscle originate?
a. Greater tubercle of the humerus
b. Acromion process
c. Scapular spine
d. Coracoid process
d. Coracoid process
Which articulations of the elbow create the pivot joint that aids in supination and pronation of the elbow? a. Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral b. Radiohumeral and radioulnar c. Radioulnar and ulnohumeral d. Ulnohumeral and trochlear
b. Radiohumeral and radioulnar
The carpal articular surface of the distal radius articulates with which carpal bones?
a. Lunate and triquetral
b. Triquetral and scaphoid
c. Scaphoid and lunate
d. Triquetral and pisiform
c. Scaphoid and lunate
The structure that consists of a series of short ligaments that connect the palmar plates of the metacarpal heads is called the: a. Annular pulley system b. Collateral ligaments c. Palmar ligaments d. Deep transverse metacarpal ligament
d. Deep transverse metacarpal ligament
Which of the following is not one of the muscles of the thenar group in the hand?
a. Lumbrical
b. Abductor pollicis brevis
c. Flexor pollicis brevis
d. Adductor pollicis
a. Lumbrical
How many muscles are located within the ventral group or deep muscles of the forearm?
a. Three
b. Five
c. Seven
d. Nine
a. Three
The infraglenoid tubercle of the glenoid process is the attachment site for what muscles?
a. Short heads of the biceps and triceps brachii muscles
b. Long heads of the biceps and triceps brachii muscles
c. Coracobrachialis and subscapularis muscles
d. Coracobrachialis and teres minor muscles
b. Long heads of the biceps and triceps brachii muscles
Which structure blends with the glenoid labrum?
a. Coracohumeral ligament
b. Transverse humeral ligament
c. Long head of the biceps tendon
d. Short head of the biceps tendon
c. Long head of the biceps tendon
A function of the glenoid labrum is to:
a. Provide lubrication to the joint capsule
b. Provide lubrication to the biceps tendon
c. Deepen the articular surface of the humerus
d. Deepen the articular surface of the glenoid fossa
d. Deepen the articular surface of the glenoid fossa
The incomplete margin of the acetabulum is reinforced by the:
a. Cotyloid ligament
b. Acetabular labrum
c. Transverse ligament
d. Iliofemoral ligament
c. Transverse ligament
The superior and inferior gemelli muscles contribute to the formation of the:
a. Obturator externus muscle
b. Obturator internus muscle
c. Adductors
d. Gluteus maximus muscle
b. Obturator internus muscle
Which muscle originates on the anterior superior iliac spine and inserts in the iliotibial (IT) band? a. Sartorius b. Iliopsoas c. Iliacus d. Tensor fasciae latae
d. Tensor fasciae latae
Which ligament extends from the medial femoral condyle to the posterior aspect of the tibia?
a. Medial collateral
b. Lateral collateral
c. Anterior cruciate
d. Posterior cruciate
d. Posterior cruciate
The patellar ligament is a continuation of the:
a. Gastrocnemius tendon
b. Hamstrings
c. Quadriceps tendon
d. Popliteus
c. Quadriceps tendon
Which ligament provides medial support for the ankle?
a. Deltoid
b. Spring
c. Interosseous
d. Posterior talofibular
a. Deltoid
The lateral ligaments of the ankle originate on the:
a. Tibial malleolus
b. Fibular malleolus
c. Sustentaculum tali
d. Calcaneus
b. Fibular malleolus
Besides the gastrocnemius muscle, from what other muscle does the Achilles tendon arise?
a. Semimembranosus
b. Sartorius
c. Popliteus
d. Soleus
d. Soleus
In the ankle, the peroneus brevis tendon is part of the _____ group.
a. Anterior
b. Posterior
c. Medial
d. Lateral
d. Lateral
The interosseous ligament is located in the:
a. Tarsal canal
b. Sustentaculum tali
c. Anterior facet
d. Mortise joint
a. Tarsal canal
Which tarsal bone transmits the weight of the entire body to the foot?
a. Calcaneus
b. Talus
c. Navicular
d. Cuboid
b. Talus
Which ligament is considered one of the strongest in the body and reinforces the anterior part of the hip? a. Acetabular labrum b. Ligamentum teres c. Iliofemoral d. Ischiofemoral
c. Iliofemoral
The circular fibers of the fibrous joint capsule of the hip are called the:
a. Ligamentum teres
b. Zona orbicularis
c. Iliofemoral ligament
d. Acetabular labrum
b. Zona orbicularis
Which of the following is the attachment site for the IT band?
a. Fibular head
b. Tibial tuberosity
c. Lateral femoral condyle
d. Gerdy tubercle
d. Gerdy tubercle
Which tendon contributes to the formation of the oblique popliteal ligament?
a. Semimembranosus
b. Semitendinosus
c. Biceps femoris
d. Popliteus
a. Semimembranosus
Which ligament strengthens the inferolateral portion of the posterior joint capsule of the knee?
a. Oblique popliteal
b. Arcuate popliteal
c. Posterior cruciate
d. Posterior meniscofemoral
b. Arcuate popliteal
Which tendons merge to form a conjoined tendon referred to as the pes anserinus?
a. Sartorius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
b. Gracilis, sartorius, semimembranosus
c. Semitendinosus, gracilis, semimembranosus
d. Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
d. Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
In which muscular layer of the sole of the foot can the plantar interosseous muscles be found?
a. First
b. Second
c. Third
d. Fourth
d. Fourth
