X100v2 Flashcards
jus in bello (justice in war)
Limiting who can be deliberately attacked and how war can be legitimately conducted
What are the three key national security policy advisory councils to the President of the United States?
The National Security Council (NSC), the Homeland Security Council (HSC), and the National Economic Council (NEC)
According to Joint Publication 1, the “instruments” of national power are:
Diplomatic, Informational, Military, Economic
Which of the following questions best defines the concept of acceptability?
Are the consequences of cost justified by the importance of the effect desired?
Which instrument of national power is the principal instrument for engaging other states and foreign groups in order to advance U.S. values, interests, and objectives?
Diplomatic
Which of the following questions best describes the concept of feasibility?
Can the strategic concept be executed with the resources available?
Which statement describes the operational chain of command within the Department of Defense?
Secretary of Defense to the Commanders of Combatant Commands
Which of the following is a JSPS product?
The Joint Strategic Campaign Plan
Which best describes “jus ad bellum” (justice of going to war)?
Going to war for the right reasons, as a last resort, with a reasonable hope for success, and with legitimate authority
The term “risk” means:
Assessment of the probable consequences of success and failure
Which of the following documents is produced by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) as part of the Joint Strategic Planning System?
National Military Strategy
What instrument of national power uses actions, words, or images to advance national interests by engaging key audiences?
Informational
Which document produced by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff translates strategic policy end states from the Contingency Planning Guidance into military campaign and contingency plan guidance?
Joint Strategic Campaign Plan
Which official did the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, make the statutory principal military advisor to the POTUS, the SECDEF, and the NSC?
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Which of the following questions best defines the concept of suitability?
Will the attainment of the objectives using the instruments of power in the manner stated accomplish the strategic effects desired?
Strategies entail the fundamental logic of ends, ways, and means that lead to the achievement of the desired end state.In this construct, the term “means” is defined as:
Resources that are required to accomplish a sequence of actions
Which branch of the US Government does the U.S. Constitution empower to declare war?
The Congress
What is the primary benefit of understanding PMESII systems, their interaction with each other, and how system relationships will change over time?
Increasing the JFC’s knowledge of how actions within a system can affect other system components
Using national strategies as a guide, combatant commanders develop ____________________ plans that execute day-to-day campaigning that address theater objectives as well as objectives directed by global campaign plans and functional campaign plans.
Combatant Command Campaign Plan
Strategies entail the fundamental logic of ends, ways, and means that lead to the achievement of the desired end state.In this construct, the term “ends” is defined as:
The objectives that must be accomplished to reach the desired end state
Which of the following documents is signed by the Secretary of Defense?
National Defense Strategy
According to JP 3-0, what tool can help commanders and staffs gain a systems perspective and develop an understanding of the operational environment?
Political, Military, Economic, Social, Information, and Infrastructure
Which document does the President approve that defines the responsibilities and areas of responsibility for combatant commanders?
Unified Command Plan
Strategies entail the fundamental logic of ends, ways, and means that lead to the achievement of the desired end state.In this construct, the term “ways” is defined as:
A sequence of actions that is likely to achieve stated objectives
Across DOTMLPF-P, the services consider materiel solutions last because
They are generally the most expensive and take the longest to develop
The two most important organizations in Army acquisition are ____________.
The Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology (ASA(ALT)) and Army Futures Command (AFC)
Which three methods does the Defense Acquisition System (DAS) use for materiel development based on immediacy of need?
Urgent, Emergent, and Deliberate
What represents a “Must-Do”, or minimim requirements a capability?
Key Performance Parameter (KPP)
To streamline modernization, Army Futures Command has established ________, bringing all stakeholders into the conversation.
Cross-Functional Teams (CFTs)
Differentiate a TOE and MTOE
An MTOE is an authorizations document (MTOE) that details a resourced organization. A TOE is a requirements document that details the doctrinal requirements for an organization.
What process / decision-making forum do the Senior Leaders of the Army use to determine the best force to meet operational requirements that they can afford within endstrength limitations?
Total Army Analysis (TAA)
The future Army structure that the Army intends to resource
POM Force
A list of decisions made for resourcing the future Army’s structure
Army Structure Memorandum (ARSTRUC)
A unit’s organizational design that the Army has agreed to resource
Modified Table of Organization and Equipment (MTOE)
MTOEs are the usual authorizations document for the operating force (including BCTs). _________ are the usual authorizations document for the generating force (including CGSS).
Tables of Distribution and Allowance (TDAs)
After TAA, capabilities developers execute the __________ to document MTOEs and TDAs.
Command Plan
What process does the Army use to develop organizational designs?
Force Development
How do Force Integration Functional Area (FIFA) differ from DOTMLPF-P?
FIFAs assess friction points in integrating organizational change. DOTMLPF-P identifies options to solve capability gaps.
What is the process through which the Army develop and approves new (or modified) organizational designs.
The Force Design Update (FDU)
What analytical framework does HQDA use to assess an FDU prior to approval?
Force Integration Functional Area (FIFA) analysis
Replacing HMMWVs with JLTVs on TOEs requires a __________________ to update the TOE.
a Basis of Issue Plan (BOIP)
HQDA G8 aligning resources to requirements approved by the Secretary of the Army and CSA happens as part of ________.
Programming
What teo bills must be signed for DoD to be able to fund operations
Congress passes and the President signs both the Defense Appropriation Bill and the Defense Authorization Bill
The conclusion of TAA marks the transition from ________.
Planning to Programming
The Army Budget Office (ABO) monitors expenditures during ________.
Execution
A fiscal law that allows expenditure of funds; also, a color of money identified in an appropriations act that describes how the funds can be spent
Appropriation
An organization responsible for managing similar programs that align functionally (equipping, manning, etc.)
Program Evaluation Group (PEG)
Which line of authority is used to accomplish the Title 10 requirements for the Secretary of the Army?
ADCON
By law, Headquarters, Department of the Army (HQDA) is limited in size. What organization(s) does it use to accomplish its Title 10 missions?
Army Commands (ACOMs), Army Service Component Commands (ASCCs), Direct Reporting Units (DRUs), and Field Operating Agencies (FOAs)
Which is a factor that guided the Army’s organizational evolution after Vietnam?
A clearly defined threat: the Soviet Union
_______________ develops and fields capabilities that combatant commanders require to meet the demands of the contemporary operating environment
Force Management
Provide an example of Congress exercising its authority to organize the military.
Goldwater-Nichols Act established the structure that included geographic combatant commands
Within JCIDS, what construct do capability developers use to identify a wide range of possible solutions?
DOTMLPF-P
Which organization is responsible for guiding Army modernization and capability development?
Army Futures Command (AFC)
JCIDS considers all domains of DOTMLPF-P, but ultimately classifies solutions into two categories:
Materiel and non-materiel
A _______________ describes how the joint community wants to operate in future conflicts.
Joint Concept
What is the current Army Operating Concept?
Multi-Domain Operations 2028
Where can you find Army guidance on the percentage of personnel a Compo 1 unit should receive?
Active Component Manning Guidance
What is one reason that the Army cannot fully man units to MTOE even when it has enough personnel in rank and operational specialty?
Many Soldiers are contained in the Transients, Trainees, Holdovers, and Students (TTHS) account and unavailable for assignment to units.
Who manages the Army’s equipment distribution and redistribution?
Army Materiel Command (AMC)
What is an example of the Army considering Force Integration early in the development of a new capability?
Force Integration Functional Area (FIFA) analysis before approving a Force Design Update (FDU)
How does the Army publish its priorities for unit resourcing?
Integrated Requirement Priorities List (IRPL), and Dynamic Army Resource Priorities List (DARPL)
After TAA, capabilities developers execute the __________ to document MTOEs and TDAs.
Command Plan
The ___________ represents the total force that the Senior Leaders of the Army have identified for funding.
POM Force
Within Total Army Analysis (TAA), the Qualitative Analysis ______________.
Provides a human-in-the-loop view to apply operational experience and professional military judgment to the final Army force structure decisions
The Senior Leaders of the Army document TAA decisions on the total force structure in the ____________.
Army Structure Memorandum (ARSTRUC)
Who is responsible for National Military Strategy (NMS)
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)
Who is responsible for National Security Strategy (NSS)
The President of the United States
Who is responsible for National Defense Strategy (NDS)
The Secretary of Defense
Who is responsible for The Army Plan (TAP)
The Chief of Staff of the Army (CSA)
Which line of authority is used to accomplish the Title 10 requirements for the Secretary of the Army?
ADCON
By law, Headquarters, Department of the Army (HQDA) is limited in size. What organization(s) does it use to accomplish its Title 10 missions?
Army Commands (ACOMs), Army Service Component Commands (ASCCs), Direct Reporting Units (DRUs), and Field Operating Agencies (FOAs)
Which is a factor that guided the Army’s organizational evolution after Vietnam?
A clearly defined threat: the Soviet Union
JCIDS can be considered part of ________.
Planning
If a program is unable to spend appropriated funds, the Army can shift the funds to another program through ____________, but only if it is less than the allowable threshold.
Reprogramming
Identifying DOTMLPF-P solutions is part of ________.
Planning
The conclusion of TAA marks the transition from ________.
Planning to Programming
The Army Budget Office (ABO) monitors expenditures during ________.
Execution
Replacing HMMWVs with JLTVs on TOEs requires a __________________ to update the TOE.
a Basis of Issue Plan (BOIP)
What analytical framework does HQDA use to assess an FDU prior to approval?
Force Integration Functional Area (FIFA) analysis
A primary decision-making forum for resourcing the future Army’s structure
Total Army Analysis
The future Army structure that the Army intends to resource
POM Force
A list of decisions made for resourcing the future Army’s structure
Army Structure Memorandum (ARSTRUC)
A unit’s organizational design that the Army has agreed to resource
Modified Table of Organization and Equipment (MTOE)
Institutional knowledge of past decisions and familiarity with force management processes related to the Center of Excellence
Civilian
Recent operational experience in the warfighting function under consideration
Basic branch officer
Recent operational experience in a range of force management processes across the Army
Force management officer
________ is the process through which the Army develop and approves new (or modified) organizational designs.
The Force Design Update (FDU)
A Table of Organization and Equipment (TOE) is ______________________.
a requirements document
Across DOTMLPF-P, the services consider materiel solutions last because ______________.
They are generally the most expensive and take the longest to develop
Which three methods does the Defense Acquisition System (DAS) use for materiel development based on immediacy of need?
Urgent, Emergent, and Deliberate
The Army processes urgent acquisition requirements through Operational Needs Statements (ONSs). The Joint community uses ___________.
Joint Urgent Operational Needs (JUONs) and Joint Emergent Operational Neeeds (JEONs)
Acquisition programs are managed by ______________.
Program Executive Offices, Program Managers, Product Managers, and Project Managers
The two most important organizations in Army acquisition are ____________.
The Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology (ASA(ALT)) and Army Futures Command (AFC)
What is an example of the Army considering Force Integration early in the development of a new capability?
Force Integration Functional Area (FIFA) analysis before approving a Force Design Update (FDU)
Differentiate the roles of G-3/5/7 and G-1 in manning an organization.
G-3/5/7 identifies how many spaces (authorizations) an organization has; G-1 provides the faces (personnel) to fill the spaces
Where can you find Army guidance on the percentage of personnel a Compo 1 unit should receive?
Active Component Manning Guidance
Who establishes priorities for Army force integration efforts?
G-3/5/7
FORSCOM (the Army’s force provider) follows ________, the model used to generate readiness to meet global demand.
Regionally Aligned Readiness and Modernization Model (ReARMM)
JCIDS considers all domains of DOTMLPF-P, but ultimately classifies solutions into two categories:
Materiel and non-materiel
A _______________ describes how the joint community wants to operate in future conflicts.
Joint Concept
What is the current Army Operating Concept?
Multi-Domain Operations 2028
The ___________ manages the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC) and the ____________ manages the Army Requirements Oversight Council (AROC).
Joint Staff J-8; HQDA G-8
Which organization is responsible for guiding Army modernization and capability development?
Army Futures Command (AFC)
One of the enduring legacies of Helmuth von Moltke the Elder is
A professional staff
What type of operations are conducted in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to achieve military, diplomatic, informational, and/or economic objectives employing military capabilities for which there is no broad conventional force requirement?
Special Operations
According to the JP 4-0, “Using the _____ as a frame, the joint forces commander’s logistics staff elements develop and codify an overarching approach to theater operations in the ______.”
Theater Logistics Analysis (TLA)… Theater Logistics Overview (TLO)
Which of the following documents is produced by the Secretary of Defense?
National Defense Strategy
Which security operation should only be undertaken by a brigade level or higher formation?
Cover
What statement best describes organizational-level leaders?
Organizational-level leaders must develop and improve organizations while accomplishing the mission.
Strategieslink ends, ways, and means to achieve the desired end state. In this construct, the term “ways” is defined as:
A sequence of actions that is likely to achieve stated objectives
A ____________________ is the point at which a force no longer has the capability to continue its form of operations, whether offense or defense.
Culminating Point
What are the criteria used to test the validity of each COA?
Suitable, Feasible, Acceptable, Distinguishable, and Complete
Identify the correct characteristics regarding cyberspace as a domain.
Cyberspace is man-made and part of every unit’s operating environment
Which line of authority is used to accomplish the Title 10 requirements for the Secretary of the Army?
Administrative Control (ADCON)
As a unit transitions from an offensive to defensive focus, what, doctrinally, should its commander do?
Maintain contact and surveillance of enemy forces
Which statement below best reflects the “paradoxical” trinity discussed by Clausewitz in Book 1 of “On War”?
Probability, passion, and policy
A Military Revolution is
Uncontrollable, Unpredictable, and Unforeseeable.
Simultaneity, depth, phasing, and tempo are all considered during?
Arranging Operations
What is the purpose of operational art and operational design?
Provides a bridge between strategy formulation and tactical art, linking national strategic aims to tactical combat and noncombat operations.
What are theprimary abilities essential to the accomplishment of the objective?
Critical Capabilities
What is the principle US Government organization that works with other nations on democratic reforms, economic development, and disaster assistance and recovery?
United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
According to Kotter’s 8-Stage Change Model, the first stage in creating successful change is:
Establishing a sense of urgency (to overcome complacency)
Which of the following staff products supports theater campaign plans (TCPs) by detailing support of strategic lift, infrastructure, distribution enablers, agreements, polices, processes and information systems?
Theater Distribution Plans
Which maritime zone extends up to 12 nautical miles from a country’s baseline?
Territorial Sea
__________ includes the authority to task-organize subordinate forces, assign missions and functions, and geographic responsibilities to forces.
Operational Control (OPCON)
What is the source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act?
Center of Gravity
The document that establishes the President’s guidance to combatant commanders on broad missions and responsibilities, physical boundaries, and specific combatant commander responsibilities.
The Unified Command Plan
The M1A1 Abrams Tank is an example of a successful materiel acquisition for the Army. For materiel acquisitions, which phase of the Defense Acquisition System (DAS) is often the longest and most costly?
Operations and Support phase
A sanctioning body establishes a/an ______________to prohibit specified activities in a specific geographicarea.
Exclusion Zone
Which joint function uses available weapons and other systems to create a specific effect on a target?
Fires
Respect, Rapport, Knowledge of Partners, Patience, Mission Focus, Trust and Confidence are tenets of:
Multinational operations.
According to the principles of joint operations, the purpose of ________________is to prevent the excessive use of force.
Restraint
When making decisions on how to achieve an effect on a target, planners consider such factors as lethal versus non-lethal, or the amount of force to use against the perceived military value of the target. Within just conduct in war (jus in bello) this principle is known as:
Proportionality
__________ attempts to synchronize, coordinate and align military operations with the activities of other governmental and nongovernmental entities to achieve unity of effort
Unified Action
The ________ should be established In a parallel command structure where coordination, deconfliction, etc. occurs between coalition partners.
Coalition Coordination Center (CCC)
The principle US Government organization that works with countries on democratic reforms, economic development and disaster assistance and recovery is?
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
______ includes the authority for planning, programming, budgeting, and execution process input, and directive authority for logistics
Please review JP 1 Vol 2 Chapter IV, JP 3-0 Chapter III
_____________ is a menu of tasks in a common language, which serves as the foundation for joint operations planning across the range of military and interagency operations.
The Universal Joint Task List (UJTL)
Which joint function prioritizes and allocates resources, coordinates and controls the employment of joint lethal and nonlethal capabilities, and prepares plans and orders that include establishing appropriate command authorities among subordinate commands and the assigning of tasks and operational areas?
Command and Control
Which joint function is responsible for coordinating Operational Contract Support (OCS)?
Please review C302 and JP 3, page III-49
Which organization within the United Nations is responsible for maintaining international peace and security?
The Security Council
Which Command Relationship is limited to the detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish assigned missions or tasks?
Tactical Control (TACON).
Which military service is considered expeditionary across all domains?
US Marine Corps
Which military operation, or activity, is conducted to contain armed conflict, force a change in antagonistic behavior, create an environment of reconciliation and rebuilding, and facilitate the transition from fragile to effective governance.
Peacekeeping Operations
National interests, the manner and extent of participation, limitations and constraints on the employment of forces are diplomatic and military considerations for the planning and execution of:
Multinational operations.
Which military operation or activity employs coercive measures to control the movement of designated items into or out of a nation or specified area?
Enforcement of sanctions or Sanction Enforcement
Joint functions are related capabilities and activities grouped together to help Joint Force Commander to:
Integrate, synchronize, and direct joint operations.
_________ are conducted by the Department of Defense, at the direction of the Department of State, to assist US citizens to leave a foreign nation when the security situation becomes dangerous.
Noncombatant evacuation operation
According to the principles of joint operations, the purpose of ________________is to concentrate the effects of combat power at the most advantageous place and time.
Mass
__________ includes the authority to organize commands and forces and to employ those forces as the commander considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions.
Operational control (OPCON).
Achieving shared understanding, informed decision making and unity of effort among various agencies of the US Government at the combatant command level is done through a:
Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG) or similar enterprise
___________ is a range of DOD activities conducted outside the US and its territories to relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, hunger, or privation.
Foreign Humanitarian Assistance (FHA)
A multinational operation made up of a group of nations that have agreed to work together on an ad hoc basis for a narrow set of common interests is a/an _______.
Coalition operation.
According to the principles of joint operations, the purpose of ________________is to direct military action toward a clearly defined and achievable goal.
Objective
A multinational partnership based upon a formal agreement and broad, long term objectives and common interests is ___________.
Alliance.
Just conduct in war (jus in bello) requires distinguishing between combatants and non-combatants. This is particularly important in the fires function when selecting targets. This principle is known as:
Discrimination
Which joint function encompasses tasks including providing air, space, and missile defense; providing emergency management and response capabilities; and conducting OPSEC, cyberspace defense, and cybersecurity?
Protection
What is the integrated structure in a foreign country comprising all US agencies, not under the command of a US combatant commander?
The US Diplomatic Mission/Embassy
The Defense Acquisition System has ______ phases and _______ milestone decisions.
Five and Three
The _________ is the entry point into the acquisition process for all defense acquisition products.
Materiel Development Decision
The purpose of the ________________ phase is to reduce technology, engineering, integration, and life-cycle cost risk to the point that a decision to contract for Engineering & Manufacturing Development can be made with confidence in successful program execution for development, production, and sustainment.
Technology Maturation and Risk Reduction
The objective of the ___________ phase is the execution of a support program that meets materiel readiness and operational support performance requirements and sustains the system in the most cost-effective manner over its total life-cycle.
Operations and Support
The __________ is the balance of risk between cost, schedule and performance agreed to between the Program Manager (PM), the Program Executive Office (PEO), and the Milestone Decision Authority (MDA).
Acquisition Program Baseline (APB)
The _______________ is responsible for programmatics (materiel acquisition cost, schedule, and total system performance) and for the PPBE necessary to guide assigned programs through each Defense Acquisition System Milestone.
Program Executive Officer
The Capability Development Document and the Capability Production Document contain a required number of _____________ that capture the minimum operational effectiveness and suitability attributes (testable or measurable characteristics) needed to achieve the overall desired capabilities for the system during the applicable increment.
Key Performance Parameters
The _____ designation determines the level of review, and who will make the milestone decisions.
ACAT
The ____ validates all Army documents for JCIDS prior to submission to the Joint Staff, J-8 Deputy Director for Requirements for review and approval of joint requirements and ASA(AL&T) for materiel development.
AROC
The Joint Staff __________ is the gatekeeper of the JCIDS process at the joint level.
J8 Deputy Director, Requirements
The Army’s Force Management Model depicts which three DOD systems and two Army processes?
JCIDS, DAS, PPBE, and the force development process and force integration process
As the Army’s organizational design process, this five-phased process determines gaps, proposes new or modified organizational designs, and produces the Army’s force structure.
Force development process
JCIDS is most closely associated with which force development phase?
Develop capabilities
The FDU is initiated in which phase of the force development process?
Design organizations
HQDA conducts The FIFA analysis at the beginning of which phase of the force development process?
Develop organizational models
Generally developed by branch proponents, what package formally recommends a new or modified organizational structure?
Force design update (FDU)
The _____ and BOIP are finalized in the develop organizational models phase of the force development process.
TOE
The _______ lists the planned placement of quantities of equipment and associated support items as well as the reciprocal displacement of equipment and personnel.
BOIP
Part of the FDU, what document contains four critical elements: (1) unit mission/capabilities, (2) organizational structure/hierarchy, (3) key personnel, and (4) key equipment.
The unit reference sheet (URS)
In order to determine if the impacts of a proposed change are suitable, feasible, and acceptable to the Total Army, HQDA does what kind of analysis?
FIFA
A TOE prescribes the doctrinal wartime mission, the organizational structure, and the personnel and equipment __________ for a military unit.
Requirements
In order to create a mix of institutional knowledge, process understanding, and operational experience, capability development and integration directorates are staffed with a mix of:
DA civilians, functional area officers, and base branch Soldiers
What is the name of the requirements document that depicts a doctrinally correct organizational design and becomes a building block with which to build Army authorizations?
TOE
HQDA (does / does not) command Army units in combat
does not
ASCCs are heavily engaged in Title 10 management of units working for a combatant command
TRUE
ASCCs can further delegate ADCON to the senior Army HQ operating in a particular area
TRUE
ADCON is a command relationship
FALSE
the process the Army uses to manage change while balancing needs (today and in the future) with resource constraints
Force Management
Force management uses many processes, including three critical Department of Defense (DOD) decision support systems. They are:
JCIDS / PPBE / DAS
Title 10, Section 7013 lists 12 functions that the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY) must perform. List four of them:
Recruiting, Organizing, Supplying, Training, Servicing, Mobilizing, Demobilizing, Maintaining, Equipping (including research and development), Administering (including the morale and welfare of personnel), the construction, outfitting, and repair of military equipment, the construction, maintenance, and repair of buildings, structures, and utilities and the acquisition of real property
Although the President is the Commander-in-Chief, Congress also has authorities in relation to the Army. One power Congress has over DOD is
organization, funding and oversight
The Army retains _______ over Army units assigned or allocated to a combatant commander. This is the relationship that allows it to meet its Title 10 responsibilities
ADCON
__________________ is the 5-part Army document that refines national strategy and combatant command requirements into an executable plan.
The Army Plan (TAP)
HQDA has four types of organizations that help them to meet their Title 10 functions. They are
ACOM / ASCC / DRU / FOA
The five parts of The Army Plan (TAP) are
a.Army Visionb.Army Strategyc.Army Planning Guidance (APG)d.Army Programing Guidance Memo (APGM)e.Army Campaign Plan (ACP)
The three categories of joint concepts are: ______________________________________, _________________________________ and _____________________________________.
Capstone Concept for Joint Operations (CCJO) / Joint Operating Concepts (JOC) / Supporting Concepts
What is JCIDS
A capabilities-based approach to identify current and future capability gaps
Collectively, the __________________________ defines the ___________________ of how it will operate in the future and provides the __________________________ needed to determine the capabilities required across the Army to ensure future force effectiveness
Army Concept Framework / Army’s Vision / Conceptual Framework
(Identify required capabilities and task) Describes how the force will operate, the timeframe and environment in which it must operate, its required capabilities (in terms of missions and effects), and its defining physical and operational characteristics. Its output is a description of the mission and the military problem being assessed as well as a list of required capabilities and associated tasks to meet the mission objectives
Needs Analysis / FAA
The second phase of the CBA (identify the gaps). It assesses the capabilities of the current and programmed force to meet the military objectives from chosen scenarios. Problems and risk.
Gap Analysis / FNA
The last phase in the CBA (capture solutions using DOTMLPF-P as a lens). An operationally-based assessment of all potential DOTMLPF-P approaches to solving or mitigating one or more capability needs or gaps.
Solution Analysis / FSA
