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24 Principles of Anesthesia II > X-Rays (Exam I) > Flashcards

X-Rays (Exam I) Flashcards

1
Q

Would bones be more present with overexposure or underexposure?

A

overexposure

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2
Q

What type of body habitus results in underexposed x-rays?

A

Obesity

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3
Q

With overexposure, a chest x-ray will appear too ______.

A

dark

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4
Q

With underexposure, a chest x-ray will appear too ____.

A

bright

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5
Q

What mnemonic should guide x-ray assessment?

A

Are There Many Lung Lesions?

Abdomen
Thorax
Mediastinum
Lung
Laterality

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6
Q

What structures make of the pulmonary Hila?

A

Pulmonary arteries & veins

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7
Q

Abnormalities in lung fields are marked by excessive _______ and ________.

A

radiolucency and radiopacity

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8
Q

What is the systematic order of approach for chest x-ray assessment?

A
  1. Bony framework
  2. Soft tissues
  3. Lung fields and Hila
  4. Diaphragm and pleural spaces
  5. Mediastinum & heart
  6. Abdomen and neck
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9
Q

What structure is indicated by 1 on the figure below?

A

Superior Vena Cava

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10
Q

What structure is indicated by 2 on the figure below?

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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11
Q

What structure is indicated by 3 on the figure below?

A

Right atrium

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12
Q

What structure is indicated by 4 on the figure below?

A

Right ventricle

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13
Q

What structure is indicated by 5 on the figure below?

A

Left ventricle

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14
Q

What structure is indicated by 6 on the figure below?

A

Ascending Aorta and Aortic Arch

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15
Q

What structure is indicated by 7 on the figure below?

A

Pulmonary vasculature

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16
Q

What would the results be for a poor inspiration on a chest x-ray?

A
  • High diaphragm
  • Crowding of lung markings
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17
Q

What describes the anatomical position of the right upper lobe (RUL) ?

A
  • Upper ⅓ of right lung
  • Posteriorly, adjacent to first 3 - 5 ribs
  • Anteriorly, reaches as far down as 4th rib
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18
Q

What lobe of the right lung is located primarily posteriorly?

A

Right Lower Lobe (RLL)

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19
Q

Which of the right lung lobes is typically smallest and triangular in shape?

A

Right Middle Lobe (RML)

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20
Q

How high up posteriorly will the RLL extend?

A

T6

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21
Q

Which right lung fissure is oriented obliquely?

A

Major Fissure

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22
Q

The minor fissue separates which right lung lobes?

A

The RUL and RML

23
Q

What is the silhouette sign?

A

Lung lesion that obscurs normal anatomy (in this case the aortic arch).

24
Q

What is consolidation?

A

Inflammatory exudate of WBC, plasma, bacteria, and debris.

RML consolidation pictured.

25
Q

Is there loss of lung volume noted with consolidations?

A

No

26
Q

What are examples of localized lung liquid densities?

A
  • Infiltrate
  • Consolidation
  • Cavitation
  • Mass
  • Congestion
  • Atelectasis
27
Q

What are examples of generalized lung liquid densities?

A
  • Diffuse alveolar
  • Diffuse interstitial
  • Mixed
  • Vascular
28
Q

What are some disease states consistent with increased air density?

A
  • Emphysema
  • Bulla
  • Localized airway obstruction
  • Diffuse airway obstruction
29
Q

What signs are seen in an atelectatic lung space?

A
  • Density corresponding to segment or lobe
30
Q

What disorder is likely from the radiograph below?

A

Gohn’s Complex. Lesion of calcified infection with associated lymph node involvement. Usually results from tuberculosis.

31
Q

What disorder is likely from the radiograph below?

A

Anterior Medistinal Mass

32
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

RUL Pneumonia

33
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Right Pleural Effusion

34
Q

What lung lobe is affected by the effusion noted in the image below?

A

Trick Question. Costophrenic angle still visible. This is likely a RLL pneumonia, not an effusion.

35
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Free air under the diaphragm

36
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

LUL mass

37
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Metastatic Cancer

38
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Pulmonary Metastasis Hematogenous

39
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Pneumomediastinum

40
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Pneumothorax

41
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Subcutaneous Air

42
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Deep Sulcus Sign indicative of pneumothorax

43
Q

How can one differentiate if a swallowed coin is in the trachea or the esophagus?

A

If the coin sits flat then its likely to be in the esophagus.

44
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Post-operative pneumonectomy

45
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Pulmonary Edema

46
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Transverse Aortic Arch aneurysm

47
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Cardiomegaly

48
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Aortic Dissection

49
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Chiladiti Sign indicative of interposition of bowel inbetween liver and the diaphragm. Not good. Especially after bowel surgery.

50
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Mediastinal air secondary to esophageal rupture

51
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy

52
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

LUL Atelectasis

53
Q

What is the likely pathology based on the x-ray below?

A

Bilateral “cotton-ball” appearance is likely for TB

24 Principles of Anesthesia II (23 decks)

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