X-rays

Question 1

The darker an object is on x-ray the ? it is

Answer 1

less dense it is

Question 2

The lighter an object is on x-ray the it is?

Answer 2

denser the object

Question 3

Lighter objects are seen usually as ?

Answer 3

bones

Question 4

Air=

Answer 4

black because air is less dense

Question 5

Fat=

Answer 5

a lighter black but still less dense

Question 6

soft tissue=

Answer 6

a dark grey a little denser

Question 7

bone= grey

Answer 7

denser

Question 8

Metal= grey

Answer 8

most dense and lightest

Question 9

what exposure happens with an x-ray?

Answer 9

radiation exposure

Question 10

who should not receive an x-ray?

Answer 10

pregnant women because there is risk to the fetus

Question 11

what radiation dose would cause n/v?

Answer 11

1,000

Question 12

What is the worldwide radiation per year?

Answer 12

2.5

Question 13

What is the radiation dose for 1 CI scan?

Answer 13

6.9

Question 14

Always get 2 views for an x-ray

Answer 14

1 view is no view

Question 15

When assessing an x-ray: what do you need to assess?

Answer 15

1. Make sure it is the correct patients x-ray
2. Check date- is it the current date?
3. Is it the correct body part?
4. Is it an L or an R to indicate what side of the x-ray it is of
5. assess exposure is the x-ray too light or too dark?
6. is it under or over exposed
7. if patients move= it will result in a blurry x-ray
8. make sure you can see the entire body part that you are assessing

under exposed= too light hard to assess for fractures
over exposed= too dark makes it difficult to assess the soft tissues

Question 16

open fracture

Answer 16

underlying skin is not intact

Question 17

closed fracture

Answer 17

the skin is intact

Question 18

displaced fracture

Answer 18

fragments are not in the right spots

Question 19

nondisplaced fracture

Answer 19

bone parts will be in will align anatomically

Question 20

medical vs. lateral displacement is referred to as the

Answer 20

angulation

Question 21

orientation

Answer 21

transverse fractures are the most common

Question 22

transverse fractures

Answer 22

the fracture line travels perpendicular to the long axis of the bone

opposite the direction of the bone

Question 23

What usually causes a transverse fracture?

Answer 23

Falls or car accidents
direct force causing the bone to bend

Question 24

oblique fractures

Answer 24

runs diagnally
or runs at an angle

Question 25

What causes an oblique fracture?

Answer 25

usually a twisting force

Question 26

Spiral fracture

Answer 26

there is 2 different curves

Question 27

comminuted

Answer 27

the bone is shattered

Question 28

segmented

Answer 28

2 different fracture lines in the same bone

Question 29

avulsed

Answer 29

a piece of bone is torn away

Question 30

impacted

Answer 30

2 bone pieces are jammed together

Question 31

torres

Answer 31

1 side of the bone bends but does not break- more common in kids

Question 32

intra-articular

Answer 32

the bone goes into the joint

Question 33

green stick fractures

Answer 33

more common in kids- it is cracked
1 side is bent and the other side is cracked

Question 34

every open fracture

Answer 34

patient needs to see ortho stat

Question 35

when is the only time an open fracture is not a stat ortho referral?

Answer 35

subangula hematoma with a distal phalegeal fracture- distal fracture (bruising and bleeding collecting
antibiotics with a close follow up

Question 36

bone on slide 8:

Answer 36

nondisplaced
closed
orienatation is oblique
of the left 5th proximal phalix

if it went into the curvy line its an intra-article fracture

The hand
Its closed
nondisplaced
oblique fracture of the right 4th proximal phalenx

Question 37

bone on slide 9:

Answer 37

tibia transverse fracture with medial angulation
minamally displaced transverse fracture with mild medial angulation of the rt mid tibia

Question 38

slide 10:

Answer 38

nondisplaced
oblique (at an angle)
intra-articular going into the joint space
fracture of the rt medial medollus
(left side)

greenstick fracture (child does not go all the way through)

Question 39

slide 11:

Answer 39

foot: closed nondisplaced avulsion fracture left dorsal navivular bone
(left side)

on the right side:
closed convinnted fracture (it is shattered) left distal radius

Question 40

Complications
Arterial injury
Nerve injury
Compartment syndrome – increased pressure compromises circulation and function of tissues
Most common in long bones, esp tibia
Pain out of proportion, deep burning pain, paresthesia
If suspected – remove any cast or bandaging and STAT ortho referral
DVT
Osteomyelitis
Fat embolism syndrome
Dyspnea, hypoxemia
Diagnosis: CT of lung may show embolism

Question 41

When you diagnose a fracture

Answer 41

immolization is needed

Question 42

splinting

Answer 42

is the norm for an acute and family practice setting

Question 43

splinting is described as a?

Answer 43

half cast

Question 44

splints decrease

Answer 44

swelling & decrease risk for neurovascular complications

Question 45

splints

Answer 45

plaster or fiber glass