X-ray/visual indicators Flashcards
Visual posteriority
lateral cervical
break in george’s line
compare above to below
acute condition
stair stepping
lateral cervical
break in george’s line for at least 3 segments in a row
list bottom vertebrae
chronic condition
stacking
lateral cervical
3 or more segments connected via a straight line
loss of cervical curvature
could be acute or chronic
hourglassing
lateral cervical demonstrates ellipse list most inferior segment acute or chronic **must be accompanied by wedging on a-p film
ivf encroachment
lateral film in throacics and lumbars
compare IVF of adjacent segments
acute or chronic
*check a-p to see if just rotated segment
Schmorl’s Nodes
chronic
listed for segment above involved disc
radiolucent nodes
Thin Disc
DDD
chronic
Increased disc angle/thick disc
lateral cervical
acute
increased disc wedge to the anterior
Eburnation
chronic
sclerosing of end plate
bone becomes denser
DJD
osteophytic changes
chronic
list the superior segment of involved motion unit
FML
foramen magnum line
lateral cervical
pt 1: posterior occipital cyondyle
pt 2: occiput moves up
APL
atlas plane line
lateral cervical
pt 1: anterior tubercle
pt 2: middle of posterior arch
PS occiput
FML and APL diverge posterior
AS occiput
FML and APL converge posterior
OL
lateral cervical
pt 1: midpoint of tip of odontoid
pt 2: midpoint of base of odontoid
ODL
lateral cervical
perpendicular to OL
extended anterior
AS atlas
Diverging ODL and APL
AI atlas
Coverging ODL and APL
DPL Lateral cervical
Lateral cervical
Pts: inferior margins of vertebral body
SCROLL UP
LL/BL lateral cervical
if any DPL cross the inferior line is BL and the superior line is LL
Superior segment is Posterior
TCL
A-P Cervicals
transverse condyle line
pts: junction of jugular notch and mastoid
TAL
A-P Cervicals
transverse atlas line
pts: junction of TVP and lateral masses
RS occiput
TCL and TAL diverge to right
LS occiput
TCL and TAL diverge to left
Larger lateral mass indicates
Anteriority of atlas
AxPL
A-P Cervicals
pts: pedicle shadows
Right lateral atlas (ASR or AIR)
TAL and AxPL diverge to right
Left lateral atlas (ASL or AIL)
TAL and AxPL diverge to left
DPL A-P cervical
pts: uncinate processes
SCROLL DOWN
Laterality of c2-C7
determined by distance from spinous pt to tip of uncinate process
Diverging DPL on A-P cervicals
Wedge open to that side
Lateral thoracic
use for visual indicators of posteriority
A-P thoracic DPL
bottoms of segment
SCROLL UP
AP thoracic pedical shadows
smaller shadow indicates spinous laterality
