X-ray Production Flashcards
The quantity of x-ray photons is known as
Number or amount
The penetrating characteristic of the x-ray beam is known as
Quality
What is the prime controller of quantity?
mAs
What is the prime controller of quality?
kVp
How many protons are needed for AP lumbar?
Generally used between 80 to 85 sometimes 90 depending on the equipment
How much more protons does lateral lumbar spine need?
10 to 15 more KV because of more tissue
Increasing the MAS will cause a ___ in the number of electrons?
Increase
Decreasing the MAS will cause a _____ the number of electrons?
Decrease
Increasing the KV will ____ the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam.
Increase
Increasing the KV will _____ the quantity of the x-ray beam
Increase
Increasing the KV will ___ the quality of the x-ray beam
Increase
Doubling mAs =
Doubling electrons
Halfing mAs =
Halfing electrons
Increasing KVP…
Increases potential difference between anode and cathode, which increases
1) kinetic energy and speed of electrons
2) number of interactions that occur in the anode
3) the number and energy (quality) photons produced
Increase 15% KVP =
Double photons
Decrease 15% KVP =
Halfing photons
Time, mAs & mA control the ____ of the x-ray beam
Quantity
KV controls the ___ of the x-ray beam
Quantity and quality
The kilovoltage peak (kVp) of the exposure is the ____ possible energy for any photon that exits the x-ray tube
Maximum
The average energy of the x-ray beam is about ___ to ___% of the kVp
30-40
What does emission spectrum demonstrate?
Number of x-ray photons, and their energies
What does the Y axis indicate on emission spectrum chart?
Number or quantity of x-ray photons
What does the X axis demonstrate on the emission spectrum chart?
Energy or quality of x-ray photons
The target interaction that produced the x-ray photons consist of less than ____% of the total kinetic energy of the incident electrons
1%
Over ___% of the kinetic energy of incident electrons is converted to heat
99%
The energy required to move an electron from its orbit is called
Binding energy
What are the two types of target interactions with electrons that can produce diagnostic range x-ray photons?
Bremsstrahlung Interactions
Characteristic Interactions
In the x-ray tube, most x-rays are produced by
Bremsstrahlung (Brem’s)
Which of the interactions involves an interaction with the nucleus of an atom?
Bremsstrahlung
Which of the interactions has photons emitted that have an energy that is the difference between the entering and exiting kinetic energy of the electron?
Bremsstrahlung
True or false? A single incident electron can cause numerous interactions in many different atoms before losing enough energy to become included in the current flow?
True
True or False? A single incident electron can cause a variety of interactions in many different atoms before losing enough energy energy to become included in the current flow?
True
Which of the interactions involves ionization?
Characteristic
The energy of characteristic x-ray photons admitted from the x-ray tube is equal to the
Difference between the binding energies of the outer and inner shells between which the electron dropped
What is the process called in characteristic interactions when an outer shell electron has dropped to fill the “hole” and so on until only the admiral shell is missing an electron
Characteristic cascade
In characteristic interactions only electron drops into the ___ she will produce photons within the diagnostic x-ray range
K
True or False? Characteristic interactions can occur when electrons interact outer shell electrons.
False (inner shell)
Unlike bremsstrahlung photons characteristic photons are
Predictable and measurable independent the type of target material
In order to produce x-rays, the electrons inside the x-ray tube must travel about ____ miles per second
93,000
When electrons accelerate across the x-ray tube, they interact within ___ to ___ mm of the surface of the target
0.25 - 0.50
What is the atomic number for tungsten?
74
In the x-ray tube characteristic photons will not compromise any of the useful beam until the KVP is above ____ because removal of the case electron from tungsten requires ___ keV
70
69.5
Inside the x-ray tube incident electrons often experience ___ or more interactions because they are conducted through the anode
1,000
