x ray 1

Question 1

define x ray:

proper term for image of a xray film: radiograph

Answer 1

• type of electromagnetic radiation that passes through lower density objects

-generate images of tissues and structures inside body

• xrays penetrate tissues/organs based on their DENSITIES

-as x ray pass through, they darken the film on the other side

Question 2

X rays are performed:

Answer 2

-generated by a machine that passes a high voltage electrical current through a tungsten filter in a vacuum tube.

-images are formed on a film or when imaging plate is positioned on the other side of the body

-images are produced by varying degrees of dark and light depending on the amt. of x rays that penetrates the tissues

Question 2

the greater amount of energy absorbed… the –

Answer 2

LESS x rays reach the film and the WHITER the image appears on the film (bones)

Question 3

the LESS amount of energy absorbed, the–

Answer 3

GREATER x rays reach the film and the DARKER the image appears the film *(air)

Question 4

radiolucent:

Answer 4

-materials that allow x rays to penetrate with a min. absorption [appears darker]

Question 5

radiopaque:

Answer 5

not permitting the passage of x rays w increased absorption [appears whiter]

Question 6

most radiolucent to opaque…
[ less to increasing density in order]

Answer 6

-air/gas: most radiolucent, provides contrast

-fat: produce contrast, surrounds organs

-soft tissue/fluid: various densities

-mineral/bone: made of calcium/phosph. if bone has a dz–less opaque

-metal: most opaque

Question 7

standard x ray views:

Answer 7

-AP: front to back ( cant see spine)
-PA: back to front ( can see spine)
-lat: x rays pass through the side of pt

-oblique: x ray pass through an ANGLE btw AP/PA position

Question 8

what are some interfering factors?

Answer 8

-metal obj
-barium retention
-fecal /gas
-improper position, excess movt

Question 9

to eliminate error on xray, one must confirm…

Answer 9

-pt: 2 identifiers [ name. DOB, mrn]

-time and date: great for comparing, old x ray is on the left

-x ray identifiers: (rad)
[study type [AP, PA], position of pt ( sitting, standing, supine), label R/L

• comparisons: submit all images and make comparison if avail

Question 10

radiation risks :

Answer 10

ionizing radiation: high energy radiation that has alot of energy to remove electrons from an atom

Question 11

ex of ionizing radiation v non ionizing radiation:

Answer 11

IR: x ray, naturally occurring radon, gamma rays- nuclear

NIR: cellphone, radio waves, visible light

Question 12

the risks of radiation:

Answer 12

• radiation exposure can cause damage to DNA [usually repaired]

-but DNA repair can lead to chromosomal or gene abnormalities that is linked to cancer…

• a person has 5% increase in lifetime dev’t after exposure of 1 Sv within 10 years

-avg American receives 3 mSV per year from natural radioactive materials

Question 13

low CT scan of chest–> compared to

regular CT dose of chest–> compared to

Answer 13

low CT scan of chest–> compared to 6 months of natural radiation

regular CT dose of chest–> compared to 2 years of natural radiation