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X c790 Flash Cards

1
Q

How will a nursing educator implement the most rigorous approach to evidence summary?

A

by using systematic review

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2
Q

Which tool needs to be utilized to collect specific clinical data in a research project?

  1. Terabyte matrixes
  2. Safety data sheets
  3. Longitudinal scales
  4. Reference taxonomies
A
  1. Reference taxonomies
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3
Q

knowledge

A

is the synthesis of multiple sources of information over time to create relationships that are identified and formalized. conceptual frameworks, theories and axioms.

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4
Q

A universal code system for tests, measurements, and observations

A

Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes terminology

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5
Q

How does the use of taxonomies in research data collection benefit the client in a healthcare setting?

  1. It guides users to avoid waste such as equipment, supplies, and duplication of care.
  2. It guides the healthcare provided according to societal preferences, needs, and values.
  3. It enhances quality of care based on personal characteristics such as gender or ethnicity.
  4. It defines what quality care is and the key components needed to reach the desired outcome.
A
  1. It guides users to avoid waste such as equipment, supplies, and duplication of care.
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6
Q

Which of the following is not a type of clinical decision support CDS?
A. Alerts and reminders.
B. Order sets.
C. Documentation templates.
D. Patient’s refusal to take their medication.

A

D. Patient refusal to take their medication.

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7
Q

Nursing informatics

A

The integration of health data, computer science, nursing science, analytical science, and information science to identify, define, communicate and manage information, data, knowledge, and wisdom within the nursing realm.

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8
Q

What is a first level change

A

swapping a type-writer for a cpu. just makes the existing processing more convienient

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9
Q

Data science

A

The science of extracting knowledge or insights from data in various forms, either structured or unstructured.

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10
Q

Data Analysis

A

The processing of data collected during the course of a study to identify trends and patterns of relationships.

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11
Q

STEEEP

A

Principles for redesigning healthcare – Safe, Timely, Effective, Efficient, Equitable, Patient Centered

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12
Q

Which example demonstrates an outcome of the implementation of a point-of-care alert/reminder?

  1. Assists with notating necessary doses to a patient
  2. Triggers care providers’ awareness of patient’s necessary care
  3. Provides specified patient information from a record
  4. Presents diagnostic guidance regarding patient care
A
  1. Triggers care providers’ awareness of patient’s necessary care
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13
Q

HL7

A

Health Level 7; standards development organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute that addresses issues at the 7th, or application, level of healthcare system interconnections

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14
Q

PHR

A

Personal Health Record

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15
Q

task analysis

A

A suite of well-known usability methods to decompose and understand users’ actions and behaviors. Composed of more than 100 different methods, it is used to determine goals, tasks, issues with interactions, the flow of work, and other activities in sociotechnical systems.

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16
Q

Data Management

A

A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. Common data management functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing.

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17
Q

Telehealth services can be delivered using two overarching types of technologies, asynchronis and synchronous, which of the following best describes synchronous ?
A. A provider prepares an electronic consult package and send it to another provider.
B. Uses live to a interactive, telecommunications technology.
C. Uses a store and forward technical environment.
D. Uses email to communicate.

A

B. Uses live to a interactive, telecommunications technology.

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18
Q

Project Management phases

A

Initiating, Planning, Executing, Closing

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19
Q

PNDS- perioperative nursing data set is a…

A

interface terminology

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20
Q

what is the staggers and nelson systems life cycle model

A
  1. analyze
  2. plan
  3. develop or purchase
  4. test
  5. implement/ go-live
  6. maintain and evolve
  7. evaluate
  8. return to analyze
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21
Q

A healthcare system is implementing a new electronic health record system with multiple sites. The sites include both inpatient and outpatient clinics.

Which systems development life cycle model is appropriate for this institution?

A

iterative

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22
Q

What is a CDSS?

A

Clinical Decision Support System includes a variety of tools and interventions, computerized as well as non- computerized. Non-computerized tools include clinical guidelines or digital clinical decision support resources like ClinicalKey® or UpToDate ® [1, 2]. Such clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are characterized as tools for information management. Another category of CDSS sometimes also called basic or simple clinical decision support systems are tools to help focus attention. Examples of such CDSS include laboratory information systems (LISs) highlighting critical care values or pharmacy information systems (PISs) presenting an alert ordering a new drug and proposing a possible drug-drug interaction [3, 4]. Most focus in the past few decades however has gone to tools to provide patient-specific recommendations called advanced CDSS. Advanced CDSS mayinclude, for example, checking drug disease interactions, individualized dosing support during renal impairment, or recommendations on laboratory testing during drug use.

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23
Q

LOINC- logical observation identifiers names and codes

A

reference terminology

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24
Q

What is IoT

A

internet of things…scales, BP monitor, light switches

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25
Q

CDS

A

Clinical Decision Support - supports clinical decision-making by providing information to support decision-making. CDS also promotes best practices. Allergy alerts, notification to take vital signs before medication administration, and a duplicate medication alert help clinicians prevent adverse medical events.

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26
Q

what is the nelson model

A

wisdom, is defined as the appropriate use of knowledge in managing or solving human problems. It is knowing when and how to use knowledge in managing patient needs or problems.

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27
Q

An electronic medical record project has been implemented. The executive team has approved the system and signed for payment to the vendor. The information technology manager has verified that items on the issues list have been resolved.

In which phase is the project management team working?

A

closing the project

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28
Q

Data management

A

The process of controlling collection, storage retrieval, and use of data to optimize accuracy and utility while safeguarding integrity.

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29
Q

Project Management

A

A set of practices that if executed well, will raise the likelihood that a project will succeed

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30
Q

Personal Health Record (PHR)

A

A private, secure application through which an individual may access, manage and share his or her health information.

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31
Q

Strategic planning

A

The process of determining what an organization wants to be in the future and planning how it will get there.

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32
Q

A hospital is setting up a Patient Online Portal for patients to monitor health and request services. The portal is being set up because patients have heard from friends and family about how useful and easy the innovation is, or they have used it at other organizations and now expect it to be available everywhere.

Which change process perspective is being demonstrated?

A

diffusion of innovation

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33
Q

Meaningful use

A

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 specifies three main components of meaningful use: (1) the use of a certified electronic health record (EHR) in a meaningful manner, such as e-prescribing; (2) the use of certified EHR technology for electronic exchange of health information to improve quality of health care; and (3) the use of certified EHR technology to submit clinical quality and other measures. The criteria for meaningful use will be staged in three steps. Stage 1 (2011-2012) sets the baseline for electronic data capture and information sharing. Stage 2 (2013) and Stage 3 (expected to be implemented in 2015) will continue to expand on this baseline and be developed through future rule making.

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34
Q

ANSI

A

American National Standards Institute promotes the use of U.S. standards internationally; advocates for the U.S. policy and technical positions in international and regional standards organizations; encourages the adoption of international standards as national standards where these meet the needs of the user community

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35
Q

NIC

A

Nursing Interventions Classifications. Defines, and assists in choosing the appropriate nursing interventions for nurses, student nurses, administrators, and faculty

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36
Q

EBP

A

evidence based practice

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37
Q

Omaha system

A

A practice and documentation standardized taxonomy designed to describe client care. Consisting of an assessment component (Problem classification scheme), a care plan/services component (Intervention scheme), and an outcome component (Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes). It started in nursing/homecare but is now used by the multi-disciplinary team and is cross-mapped to SNOMED.

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38
Q

A project manager working with the surgery department at a local hospital wants to increase revenue by 20% within three years by capturing lost charges. The current supply charge process is evaluated and found to be dysfunctional. An automated dispensing system is identified as a possible solution. It is projected this system will pay for itself in six months.

Which step in the tactical planning process is taking place?

A

feasibility study

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39
Q

Information system (IS)

A

The manual and/or automated components of a system of users or people, recorded data, and actions used to process the data into information for a user, group of users, or an organization.

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40
Q

What is the relationship between human error and risky behaviors when it comes to patient safety?

A

They are both types of behaviors that are connected to the “Just Culture” approach.

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41
Q

Process owners

A

Those persons who directly engage in the work flow to be analyzed and redesigned and have the ultimate responsibility for the performance of the process. These individuals can speak about the intricacy of the process, including process variations from the normal. When constructing a team, it is important to include individuals who are able to contribute information about the exact current-state work flow and offer suggestions for future-state improvements.

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42
Q

theory

A

process by which certain phenomena occur

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43
Q

dynamic homeostasis

A

refers to the processes used by a system to maintain a steady state or balance. This same goal of maintaining a steady state can affect how clinical settings respond when changes are made or a new system is implemented.

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44
Q

Which terminologies or classifications are used by multiple disciplines?

A

Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED)
Logical Observation Identifiers, Names, and Codes (LOINC)

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45
Q

Closed System

A

A system that is enclosed in an impermeable boundary and does not interact with the environment.

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46
Q

What is the Systems Life Cycle (SLC) Model

A

This model is used in project management to describe stages or phases of an informatics project and it guides system implementation from initial feasibility through a more completed stage of maintenance and evaluation of the products. Most authors use the title “systems development life cycle” to describe the model. However, the term development is too limiting in health informatics because we often purchase systems or applications from vendors and customize them rather than developing them from scratch.

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47
Q

Rx Norm

A

A standardized nomenclature for clinical drugs and drug delivery devices produced by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). The Rx Norm code supports interoperability between EHR systems.

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48
Q

Channel

A

A physical element that carries a message between a sender and a receiver. Examples of channels are radio waves, fiber optic lines, and paper.

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49
Q

Which standardized classification system was adopted from the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I) and assists with documenting patient experience from preadmission to discharge?

  1. Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS)
  2. Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
  3. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)
  4. Omaha System (OS)
A
  1. Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS)
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50
Q

Why is the use of a reference taxonomy beneficial for data collection in healthcare?

  1. It facilitates research projects by collecting data at the point of care.
  2. It decreases the need for healthcare decisions to be made at the bedside.
  3. It guides researchers to identify expert opinion, the strongest level of evidence.
  4. It classifies and measures data from research to identify evidence-based practice
A
  1. It classifies and measures data from research to identify evidence-based practice
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51
Q

what is the blum model

A

Bruce L. Blum developed his definition of information from an analysis of the accomplishments in medical computing.44 In his analysis, he identified three types of healthcare computing applications. Blum grouped applications according to the objects they processed. The three types of objects he identified are data, information, and knowledge. Blum defined data as uninterpreted elements such as a person’s name, weight, or age. Information was defined as a collection of data that have been processed and then displayed as information, such as weight over time. Knowledge results when data and information are identified and the relationships between the data and information are formalized.

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52
Q

What is the correct order of the phases of an adaptive system development life cycle with six core processes and multiple iterations?

A
  1. Identify the problem and obtain approval
  2. Plan and monitor project
  3. Discover and understand details
  4. Design system components
  5. Build, test, and integrate system components
  6. Complete system tests and deploy the solution
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53
Q

A physician’s office wants to adopt an electronic medical record. The providers and staff are unsure which system will best suit the needs of the office.

Which system development life cycle approach suits this practice?

A

adaptive- NOT predictive

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54
Q

technical interoperability

A

ability to exchange data from one point to another

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55
Q

joint cognitive systems

A

Systems in which information is shared or distributed among humans and technology.

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56
Q

NMDS

A

Nursing Minimum Data Set–which defines the minimum set of basic data elements for nursing in a computerized patient record

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57
Q

During which phase of the system development lifecycle (SDLC) are new components and programs obtained and installed?

A

Develop or purchase

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58
Q

Chaos Theory

A

The qualitative study of unstable aperiodic behavior in deterministic, nonlinear dynamical systems.

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59
Q

Adaptive approach to the SDLC

A

an approach that assumes the project must be more flexible and adapt to changing needs as the project progresses

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60
Q

Ace Star Model of Knowledge Transformation

A

provides a framework for converting research knowledge into a form that has utility in the clinical decision-making process. The model articulates a necessary process for reducing the volume and complexity of research knowledge, evolving one form of knowledge to the next, and incorporating a broad range of sources of knowledge throughout the EBP process.

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61
Q

What is backcasting

A

envision a desire future end point and work backward to determine what activities and policies are needed to achieve that future. it has 6 steps.
chapter 36. in health informatics

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62
Q

Data integrity

A

The accuracy and consistency of stored and transmitted data. Data integrity can be compromised when information is entered incorrectly or deliberately altered or when the system protections are not working correctly or suddenly fail.

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63
Q

Digital Library

A

Digital libraries are comprised of a set of electronic resources with the related capabilities to store, organize, search and retrieve information to meet the needs of a community of users.

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64
Q

GIGO

A

garbage in garbage out

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65
Q

NIC

A

nursing interventions classification

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66
Q

Which standardized clinical terminology provides the official names and standardized codes for laboratory and other clinical observations?

A

Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC)

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67
Q

Which standardized terminology includes the assessment phase of the nursing process?
1. Clinical Care Classification
2. Nursing Outcome Classification
3. Nursing Intervention Classification
4. Systematic Nomenclature of Medical clinical terms

A
  1. Systematic Nomenclature of Medical clinical terms
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68
Q

What are the 4 types of SDLC models

A
  1. waterfall
  2. agile
  3. spiral
  4. iterative models
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69
Q

An electronic health record project quality team is preparing to present a benefit-cost analysis comparing two systems for the project manager.

Which phase of project management is described?

A

planning

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70
Q

Interoperability

A

the capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers

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71
Q

The nurse has developed a care plan and has set goals but is meeting resistance from the patient and the family. The patient and family have become anxious and are pushing back due to the anticipated lifestyle changes such as diet, insulin injections, and living environment. The family is not showing up for scheduled meetings with the case manager.

Which part of Lewin’s change theory is this nurse experiencing?

A

moving stage

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72
Q

What describes the maintenance phase of the system development life cycle?

A

The system is upgraded

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73
Q

Electronic health record (EHR)

A

A computer-based data warehouse or repository of information regarding the health status of a client that is replacing the former paper-based medical record; it is the systematic documentation of a client’s health status and health care in a secured digital format, meaning that it can be processed, stored, transmitted, and accessed by authorized interdisciplinary professionals for the purpose of supporting efficient, high-quality health care across the client’s health care continuum. Also known as electronic medical record.

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74
Q

what is used for ordering, billing, and reimbursing medical procedures and diagnostic services

A

Current Procedural Terminology classification system

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75
Q

CORBA

A

Common Object Request Broker Architecture – produces object-oriented interoperability standards that sustain architecture and infrastructure for computer applications to use to work together over networks

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76
Q

ICNP

A

International Classification for Nursing Practice - standardized nursing terminology comprises nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and nursing outcomes capturing the delivery of nursing care across settings

77
Q

Database Management System (DBMS)

A

DBMS – s system software component that manages and controls one or more databases

78
Q

Taxonomy

A

way to classify words in groupings, which makes them usable and searchable

79
Q

Stakeholder

A

A person or organization with an interest in a particular place or issue.

80
Q

What is the correct order of the knowledge discovery in large data sets (KDD) process?

A

Identify, obtain, preprocess, apply, interpret

81
Q

Why are taxonomies necessary in the development of clinical practice guidelines?

  1. To primarily establish expert opinion
  2. To rate evidence and recommendations
  3. To collect information stored in databases
  4. To decrease the number of decisions made by nurses
A
  1. To rate evidence and recommendations
82
Q

wisdom

A

as the appropriate use of knowledge to manage and solve human problems. it consists of knowing when and how to apply knowledge to deal with complex problems or specific human needs. a state of awareness, a paradigm or set of principals, it is the ultimate context and frame of reference

83
Q

SNOMED-CT

A

SNOMED CT is a comprehensive, multilingual clinical healthcare terminology designed for clinical documentation and is used by the U.S. Federal Government for the electronic exchange of clinical health information.

84
Q

What does ICNP stand for?

A

International Classification for Nursing Practice

85
Q

RXNorm is a terminology that originated for documentation in which area of the healthcare industry?

A

RxNorm is the standardized nomenclature for clinical drugs for humans and is used by the U.S. Federal Government for the electronic exchange of clinical health information.

86
Q

Heuristic evaluations

A

Assessments of a device or product against accepted guidelines or published usability principles

A heuristic evaluation is a usability inspection method used to identify usability problems in a product or system’s user interface (UI). This method involves evaluators who review the system to check against a set of usability principles, commonly referred to as “heuristics.” Jakob Nielsen, a prominent figure in the usability community, has proposed ten general heuristics that are often used in these evaluations:

87
Q

What system assists in ensuring patient safety by utilizing a computer to collect and manage data?

A

Database management system

88
Q

Informatics

A

Science that “studies the structure and general properties of scientific information and the laws of all processes of scientific communication.”

89
Q

A term that means data or information is accessible and usable on demand by an authorized person…
A. Authenticity.
B. Availability
C. Security.
D. Accountability.

A

B. Availability

90
Q

NMMDS

A

Nursing Management Minimum Data Set–A modification of the NMDS for nurses in management.

91
Q

As a crucial part of the whole information technology (IT) infrastructure (hardware, software, networks, operations, etc.) of the organization, this step in the project implementation must be aligned with the organization’s mission and support the overall business goals.

Which part of the project implementation plan would this be?

A

Strategic planning

92
Q

what was Developed as a nomenclature for pathology; it has been extended to become a highly comprehensive terminology in various applications, including EHRs

A

Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine clinical terms

93
Q

What is the purpose of clinical decision support and medication administration?
A to identify the nurse who might be using workarounds
B. To assistant nurse to administrate medication’s faster.
C. To alert the nurse to potential safety issue.
D. To reinforce the nurses doing the task correctly

A

C. To alert the nurse to potential safety issues.

94
Q

Complex adaptive system (CAS)

A

An entity consisting of many diverse and autonomous parts that are interrelated, interdependent, linked through many interconnections, and behave as a unified whole in learning from experience and in adjusting to changes in the environment.

95
Q

NCPDP

A

NCPDP stands for the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs. It is a not-for-profit organization in the United States that focuses on developing and promoting standards and data exchange solutions for the pharmacy services sector of the healthcare industry. NCPDP standards facilitate electronic communication between pharmacies, healthcare providers, insurers, and other stakeholders involved in the prescription drug process.

NCPDP standards cover various aspects of pharmacy-related transactions, including electronic prescribing, medication dispensing, claims processing, and medication history reporting. These standards help streamline and improve the accuracy of pharmacy-related processes, such as filling prescriptions and processing insurance claims, ultimately contributing to better patient care and more efficient healthcare operations.

96
Q

what is the graves model

A

Judy Graves and Sheila Corcoran, in their classic article “The Study of Nursing Informatics,” used the Blum concepts of data, information, and knowledge to explain the study of nursing informatics. They incorporated Barbara A. Carper’s four types of knowledge: empirical, ethical, personal, and aesthetic. Each of these represents a way of knowing and a structure for organizing knowledge. This article is considered the foundation for most definitions of nursing informatics.

97
Q

Integrated testing

A

tests the transmission of messages between all systems such as the healthcare information system, laboratory, radiology, pharmacy, dietary, cardiology, etc. This test includes testing all bidirectional order messages and results going across the interface(s).

98
Q

Clinical Informatics

A

The application of informatics and information technology to deliver healthcare services.

99
Q

equifinality

A

is the tendency of open systems to reach a characteristic final state from different initial conditions and in different ways. For example, two different clinics may be scheduled for the implementation of a new EHR. One unit may be using paper records and the other unit may have an outdated computer system. A year or two later, both clinical units may be at the same point, comfortably using the new system. However, the process for reaching this point may have been very different.

100
Q

Sociotechnical system

A

Refers to complex systems recognizing the interaction between people and technology in work settings, particularly settings such as healthcare.

101
Q

What is a core objective of MU for the hospital?

A

Protect hospital records.

102
Q

AHRQ

A

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality provides a database clearinghouse of 1500 CPGs (clinical practice guidelines) with standardized medical terminology that optimize patient outcomes

103
Q

LOINC

A

LOINC stands for “Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes.” It is a standardized system for identifying medical laboratory and clinical observations, such as lab tests, clinical measurements, and other healthcare-related observations. LOINC codes are alphanumeric identifiers assigned to these observations to facilitate the exchange and integration of health information across different healthcare systems and settings. Healthcare professionals and health IT systems use LOINC to ensure that medical data is accurately recorded, shared, and interpreted, regardless of the source or location of the information. It plays a crucial role in interoperability and the electronic exchange of health information.

104
Q

what is workflow

A

the action or execution of a series of tasks in a prescribed sequence.

105
Q

What are the phases of SDLC and how many are there?

A

7 phases

  1. Planning: This is the initial phase where the scope, objectives, and feasibility of the project are determined. It involves identifying the need for a new system or modifications to an existing system.
  2. Systems Analysis: In this phase, the current system is evaluated (if it exists), and its requirements are gathered and analyzed. This step often results in the creation of a system requirements document.
  3. Systems Design: Based on the requirements identified in the analysis phase, the system’s architecture and design specifications are developed. This can include data flow diagrams, system architecture, and interface designs.
  4. Development: In this phase, the actual code for the system is written, and the components of the system are built. Database setup and configuration may also occur here.
  5. Integration and Testing: Once the system is developed, the components are integrated, and the entire system undergoes testing to ensure it works as expected and is free of defects.
  6. Implementation (or Deployment): This phase involves deploying the software into the production environment so end-users can start using it. This might also involve training users and distributing documentation.
  7. Maintenance and Support: After deployment, the system enters a maintenance phase where updates, patches, and fixes are provided as necessary. This phase can last as long as the system is in use.

While these seven phases represent a general SDLC, it’s important to note that there are several models of the SDLC (e.g., Waterfall, Agile, Iterative, Spiral), and the specific phases or activities can differ or overlap depending on the model in use.

106
Q

Which terminology represents the interoperability of clinical and administrative data?
1. Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
2. Health Level Seven (HL7)
3. Standards Developing Organization (SDO)
4. The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I

A
  1. The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I
107
Q

Taxonomies categorize data to make it searchable and usable.

A

true. Taxonomy is a way to classify words in groupings, which makes them usable and searchable.

108
Q

Conceptual framework

A

A description and explanation of concepts and their relationships and interactions related to a specific phenomenon. Conceptual frameworks can be used to propose theories and generate research questions. A conceptual framework can also be used to develop a conceptual model.

109
Q

Which standardized nursing terminology comprises nursing diagnoses, nursing interventions, and nursing outcomes?

A

ICNP
international classification of nursing practice

110
Q

what is the shannon-weaver information-communication model?

A

sender (xmit), code(intel), channel (medium), noise, receiver .
Warren Weaver, from the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, provided the interpretation for understanding the semantic meaning of a message.42 He used Shannon’s work to explain the interpersonal aspects of communication. For example, if the speaker is a physician who uses medical terms that are not known to the receiver (the patient), there is a communication problem caused by the method used to code the message. However, if the patient cannot hear well, he may not hear all of the words in the message. In this case the communication problem is caused by the patient’s ear.

111
Q

what is second level change

A

changes how a specific outcome is achieved. instead of peer review by a few choice people, using the internet to include more scientists for review increasing speed adn depth of review

112
Q

NOC

A

Nursing Outcomes Classifications. Standardizes the terminology and criteria for measurable or desirable outcomes as a result of nursing interventions.

113
Q

What is the next step in the system lifecycle after a new health information System has been purchased

A

Test the system

114
Q

What is SLCM?

A

systems life cycle model

115
Q

The nursing team has been charged with selecting a new information system for managing patient census data.

Which system should be chosen?

A

open system

116
Q

Gap analysis

A

A measurement of where a condition, situation or metric is currently and where it needs to be.

117
Q

Agile Development

A

an information system development process that emphasizes flexibility and rapid response to anticipate new and changing requirements during development

118
Q

Health information technology (HIT)

A

Hardware, software, integrated technologies or related licenses, intellectual property, upgrades, or packaged solutions sold as services that are designed for or support the use by health care entities or patients for the electronic creation, maintenance, access, or exchange of health information.

119
Q

Scope Creep

A

one of the most frequent causes of project delays – defined as changes in the scope of the project during the implementation that frequently necessitates other changes resulting in additional expenses, resources, and time. Occurs when requirements are altered after the initial project is defined and those added requirements are substantial enough to affect the project timeline

120
Q

Why do healthcare facilities favor purchased information systems over organization-developed information systems?

A

System enhancements are provided.

121
Q

Needs Assessment

A

An assessment of needs of a department or organization using different methods such as surveys, interviews and report gathering.

122
Q

An institution is using the systems development life cycle (SDLC) adaptive approach for developing its new information system. The institution will need to be flexible throughout development.

Which SDLC approach should be used?

A

Agile development

123
Q

ICD

A

international classification of diseases

124
Q

DIKW Framework

A

describes a hierarchical relationship between Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom

125
Q

A large healthcare corporation is preparing to implement a new patient portal for healthcare records. Multiple literature searches have been done, trade shows have been attended, and a final list of potential vendors has been developed.

A

A letter is sent to potential vendors, asking for specific information about the product.

126
Q

Which standardized classification supports documenting and communicating the nursing process through problem classification scheme, intervention scheme, and problem measurement with a rating scale?

  1. Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
  2. Omaha System (OS)
  3. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)
  4. International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP)
A
  1. Omaha System (OS)
127
Q

how many standards are there for the practice of nursing informatics and what are they??

A

six
standard 1: assessment
standard 2: Diagnosis problems and issues identification
standard 3: outcomes identification
standard 4: planning
standard 5: implementation
standard 5a: coordination of activities
standard 5b: health teaching and health promotion
standard 5c: consultation
standard 6: evaluation

128
Q

Predictive approach to the SDLC

A

an approach that assumes the project can be planned in advance and that the new information system can be developed according to the plan

129
Q

Information literacy

A

a. “a set of abilities requiring individuals to recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and effectively use the needed information.”

130
Q

Computerized provider order entry (CPOE)

A

A system that automates the way that orders have traditionally been initiated for patients. Clinicians place orders within these systems instead of using traditional handwritten transcription onto paper. These systems provide major safeguards by ensuring that physician orders are legible and complete, thereby providing a level of patient safety that was historically missing with paper-based orders. They provide decision support and automated alert functionality that was previously unavailable with paper-based orders.

131
Q

BCMA

A

Bar Code Medication Administration

132
Q

Nursing management minimum dataset

A

data element set

133
Q

HCIS

A

health care information system

134
Q

think-aloud protocol

A

A usability method in which users talk aloud about what they are doing as they interact with a product. These interactions are observed or recorded and then analyzed.

135
Q

what is a CPG

A

clinical practice guideline

136
Q

Change Theory

A

The study of change in individuals or social systems such as organizations. Understanding change theory provides a framework for effectively planning and implementing change in social systems and organizations.

137
Q

PNDS

A

Perioperative Nursing Data Set. The Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS) is a standardized nursing vocabulary that provides a common language for perioperative nurses to accurately describe patient care. Developed by the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN), the PNDS aims to improve the quality and effectiveness of perioperative nursing practice, facilitate communication among healthcare providers, and support data collection for research and quality improvement.

138
Q

during which phase the system lifecycle is the scope of the proposed project identified

A

during the planning phase

139
Q

Logical Observations Identifiers, Names, Codes (LOINC) is a terminology that originated for documentation in which area of the healthcare industry?

A

laboratory

140
Q

Data

A

Uninterpreted elements such as a person’s name, weight, or age. Because they are uninterpreted, they do not have meaning.

141
Q

Waterfall model

A
  • most predictive SDLC approach, the phases of the project flow down, one after another, no overlapping phases, carried out & completed sequentially
142
Q

How can a BPA that suggests a care plan, based on an order, improve patient outcomes?

A

Improves patient education

143
Q

What is a PHR

A

personal health record

144
Q

Complexity theory

A

Complexity theory builds on chaos theory using a qualitative approach to the study of dynamic nonlinear social systems that change with time and demonstrate complex relationships.

145
Q

user experience

A

the overall experience of a person interacting with a technology

146
Q

Process analysis

A

Breaking down the work process into a sequential series of steps that can be examined and assessed to improve effectiveness and efficiency; explains how work takes place and gets done or how it can be done.

147
Q

What is the maintenance and support phase of Staggers and Nelson life cycle in order?

A

analysis/planning, design/development, implementation, maintenance and support

148
Q

ABC codes

A

covers clinical services related to nursing, behavioral health, alternative medicine, ethnic and minority care, midwifery, and spiritual care. ABC code consists of 5 characters representing types of service, remedies, supplies, and practitioners.

149
Q

Computer science

A

The “systematic study of algorithmic methods for representing and transforming information, including their theory, design, implementation, application, and efficiency…. The roots of computer science extend deeply into mathematics and engineering. Mathematics imparts analysis to the field; engineering imparts design

150
Q

Reference Terminology

A

A reference terminology is designed to provide a common language across a diverse landscape. Examples include LOINC and SNOMED CT.

151
Q

CDR

A

Clinical Data Repository, the storage component for all instance data of patient clinical records. Data stored may be lab results, medication orders, vital signs, and clinical documentation.

152
Q

NANDA

A

North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, purpose is to define, refine, and promote a taxonomy of nursing diagnostic terminology of general use to professional nurses.

153
Q

how is nursing informatics accomplished?

A

through the use of information structures, information, processes, and information technology

154
Q

Digital literacy

A

The ability to operate and understand digital devices of all types, including the technical skills to operate these devices, the conceptual knowledge to understand their functionality, and the ability to creatively and critically use these devices to access, manipulate, evaluate, and apply data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in activities of daily living.

155
Q

entropy

A

entropy represents the amount of disorder or randomness in a system, .is the tendency of all systems to break down into their simplest parts. As it breaks down, the system becomes increasingly disorganized or random. Entropy is demonstrated in the tendency of all systems to wear out. Even with maintenance, a healthcare information system will reach a point where it must be replaced. Healthcare information that is transferred across many different systems in many different formats can also demonstrate entropy thereby causing confusion and conflict between different entities within the healthcare system

156
Q

Diffusion of Innovation

A

developed by Everett Rogers, explains how individuals and communities respond to new ideas, practices, or objects. Process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among members of a social system.

157
Q

SNOMED- systematic nomenclature of clinical medicine terms

A

interdisciplinary terminology

158
Q

what is PBE

A

practice based evidence

159
Q

Steering committee

A

– also known as oversight committee – consists of clients and other key executives who have a vision of the organization’s strategic direction and a strong interest in the project’s success

160
Q

negentropy

A

represents the amount of order or structure. This is the tendency of living systems to grow and become more complex. This is demonstrated in the growth and development of an infant, as well as in the increased size and complexity of today’s healthcare system.

161
Q

Which stage of the planning phase provides the high-level direction needed to reach organizational goals?

A

strategic planning

162
Q

Which of the following occur during the analysis and planning phases of SDLC
A. Conduct regression testing.
B. Collect system change request.
C. Conduct a needs assessment.
D. Education of end-users.

A

C. Conduct a needs assessment.

163
Q

Which of the following standard terminologies is not a multidisciplinary terminology?
A. Logical observation, identifiers, name, and codes. LOINC.
B. Systematize nomenclature of medicine clinical terms, SNOMED CT.
C. International classifications of diseases, ICD.
D. Clinical care classification

A

D. Clinical care classification.

164
Q

Data mining

A

A step in the knowledge discovery process of finding correlations or patterns among dozens of fields in large relational databases.

165
Q

Work flow

A

A progression of steps (tasks, events, and interactions) that constitute a work process, involve two or more persons, and create or add value to the organization’s activities. In a sequential work flow, each step depends on the occurrence of the previous step; in a parallel work flow, two or more steps can occur concurrently. The term “work flow” is sometimes used interchangeably with “process” or “process flow,” particularly in the context of implementations. A sequence of connected steps in the work of a person or team of people—that is, the process or flow of work within an organization or a virtual illustration of the “real” work or steps (flow) that workers enact to complete their tasks (work). The purpose of examining and redesigning work flow is to streamline the work process by removing any unnecessary steps that do not add value or might even hinder the flow of work.

166
Q

Waterfall model of SDLC cannot have any overlapping phases. True or false

A

True. they run sequentially.

167
Q

SDLC phases

A

Software Development Life Cycle
1. planning,
2 analysis,
3 design/development,
4 implementation (coding)
5 testing
6 deployment
7 maintain/ evaluation

168
Q

Work flow analysis

A

Not an optional part of clinical implementations but rather a necessity for safe patient care fostered by technology. The ultimate goal of work flow analysis is not to “pave the cow path” but rather to create a future-state solution that maximizes the use of technology and eliminates non—value-added activities. Although many tools and methods can be used to accomplish work flow redesign (e.g., Six Sigma, Lean), the best method is the one that complements the organization and supports the work of clinicians.

169
Q

HIE

A

health information exchanges

170
Q

ISO

A

International Standards Organization International Standards Organization has developed a set of minimum standards, practices, terminologies and requirements that, when adopted, demonstrates a vendor’s products and services have achieved a minimum level of quality.

171
Q

Big Bang Approach

A

occurs when all applications or modules are implemented at once

172
Q

What is the purpose of a reference taxonomy in clinical data collection?

  1. To determine the need for warehousing
  2. To determine the healthcare stakeholders
  3. To verify the interoperability of the data
  4. To measure and classify the data collected
A
  1. To measure and classify the data collected
173
Q

process interoperability

A

coordinates business processes at the organizational level; allowing the systems to work together

174
Q

SWOT analysis

A

acronym that represents the identification of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats

175
Q

UMLS

A

Unified medical language system. Projects to link various biomedical vocabularies nomenclatures together. Its goal is to enable computers to understand medical meaning.

176
Q

SDLC

A

Systems Development Life Cycle framework that identifies all the activities required to research, build, deploy, and often maintain an information system

177
Q

QI

A

Quality improvement, quality indicator

178
Q

Information

A

It is data that has been interpruted, organized, or structured. endowed with meaning and purpose.

179
Q

What is a system

A

it is a set of related interacting parts enclosed in a boundary. compyter systems, school systems healthcare system. living or nonliving. open or closed

180
Q

CCC

A

Clinical Care Classification, classification system of nursing diagnoses and interventions for home health

181
Q

What is a third-level change?

A

In many contexts, particularly in organizational change management, change is often categorized into different levels based on its scope, impact, and the degree of transformation required. While the exact definitions and categorizations can vary, a third-level change typically refers to a deep, transformative shift. Here’s a general breakdown:First-level Change: Often referred to as incremental or continuous change. This involves making improvements within the existing framework without challenging the fundamental nature of the system. It’s about doing things better without necessarily altering the core processes, values, or structures.Second-level Change: Sometimes termed as transitional or developmental change. This level goes beyond just making improvements and might involve moderate restructuring or the introduction of new processes, technologies, or goals. However, the foundational elements of the system largely remain.Third-level Change: Known as transformational or radical change. This level represents a complete overhaul of systems, processes, culture, or structure. It’s about doing things differently, not just better. Third-level changes often challenge the underlying assumptions, values, and paradigms of an organization or system. They can be disruptive but are necessary when the existing models no longer serve the organization’s purpose or vision.It’s crucial to understand that while third-level changes can bring about significant benefits, they also come with risks, challenges, and the need for extensive planning and stakeholder buy-in.

182
Q

A terminology is often called a classification true or false

A

True

183
Q

Information Science

A

A discipline that investigates the properties and behavior of information, the forces governing the flow of information, and the means of processing information for optimum accessibility and usability.”

184
Q

Scope

A

Defines the types of activities and services of an organizational mission.

185
Q

human factors

A

“the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.”

186
Q

open systems have 3 characteristics

A
  1. purpose
  2. structure
  3. function
187
Q

Open systems

A

enclosed within a semipermeable boundary and do interact with the environment. Open systems take input from the environment, process the input, and then return output to the environment. The output then becomes feedback to the system.

188
Q

WEDI

A

Working Group for Electronic Data Interchange – supports the development of transaction standards with the goal of enhancing the quality of care, improving efficiency, and reducing costs of the American healthcare system

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