WWP230H Flashcards
Option Price
- For stock options, it is the predetermined price at which the employee can purchase a certain number of shares of company stock within a specified period of time.
- Sometimes referred to as grant price or strike price
Fair Value
-The amount at which an asset could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties, that is, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.
-Fair value is the basis for GAAP accounting for the awards.
How is the FV for Stock Options calculated at JNJ?
By using the Black -Scholes method.
Essentially, this method uses assumptions in the following 5 areas to determine the fair value of stock options:
[1] volatility
[2] Risk-free interest rate
[3] dividend yield
[4] expected term
[5] stock price at date of grant.
What is the Fair Value for RSUs at JNJ and how is it calculated?
-The fair value for RSUs is closing stock price on the NYSE on the date of grant, discounted to reflect the fact that there is no dividend yield during the vesting period.
How is the FV for PSUs calculated at JNJ?
- The fair value for PSUs is calculated using the Monte Carlo Method.
- It is based on the performance and market conditions of the award.
- Fair value for the performance conditions is the average of the high and low of the stock price on the date of grant, discounted to reflect that there is no dividend yield during the vesting period.
Forfeiture
Represents an award that will not vest because the employee ceased to render services prior to the end of the vesting period.
Grant date
- The date at which an employer and an employee have a mutual understanding of the terms of a stock -based compensation award.
- The employer becomes contingently obligated on the grant date to issue equity instruments to employees who fulfill vesting requirements.
Intrinsic value
The difference between the market price of a stock and the exercise price of an option.
For example:
Current market price of a stock $25 - $20 exercise price of option = $5 intrinsic value
Measurement date
The date at which the FAIR VALUE of awards is MEASURED, which is the same day as the grant date.
What are Performance Share Units [PSUs]?
- PSUs represent an arrangement where the Company promises to grant shares of J&J stock to an employee (subject to vesting and the achievement of performance conditions, such as EPS and TSR.)
- During the vesting period, PSU’s do not consist of legally issued shares, do not give the holder voting rights, and do not yield dividends.
What are Restricted share units [RSUs]?
- RSUs represent an arrangement whereby the Company promises to grant shares of J&J stock to an employee, subject to vesting conditions.
- During the vesting period, RSUs are not legally issued shares, and therefore do not give the holder voting rights and do not yield dividends
Service period
- The period or periods during which the employee performs services in exchange for awards.
- The service period is presumed to be the vesting period but would be shorter in case of retirement eligibility.
- This is sometimes referred to as the requisite service period.
SPEC
Savings Plan and Equity Compensation Department
Stock option
A contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase certain number of shares of
company stock at a predetermined price for a specified period of time. The predetermined price is the Fair Market Value at the date of grant. The specified period of time starts after the vesting period and ends no later than 10 years after the grant date.
Vesting period
Represents the period during which the employee cannot obtain the benefit from the award. In general,
the vesting period for Johnson & Johnson awards is 3 years, with some exceptions.
Windfall [or Shortfall]
The extent to which the tax impact of 1) the exercise of a stock option or 2) the ending of the vesting period of a PSU or RSU differs from the deferred tax asset that was set up during the vesting period.
share-based compensation award
is compensation provided in the form of an equity instrument to an employee in exchange for his/her services.
How are awards expensed?
Over the service (vesting) period.
What are the objectives of accounting for equity instruments granted to employees?
[1] Measure the cost of the employee services received [e.g., compensation cost] in exchange for an award on the grant date and
[2] Recognize that measured compensation cost in the financial statements over the requisite service (vesting) period.
How are share based awards classified?
As either ‘equity’ or ‘liability’ based on the terms of the share - based payment instrument.
How is compensation exp recorded?
Comp Exp is recorded as a debit (expense) to the income statement over the requisite service period.
-If the award is classified as equity, the corresponding credit is recorded in equity — typically as APIC.
-If the award is classified as a liability, the corresponding credit is recorded as a share-based liability.
How are equity-classified awards generally recognized?
Equity-classified awards are generally recognized as compensation cost over the requisite service period based on the fair-value measure of the award on the grant date.
How is the fair-value of liability-classified awards generally recognized?
The FV of Liability-Classified awards are gennerally recognized by remeasuring in each reporting period until settlement (mark-to-market). That is, the changes in the fair-value-based measurement of the liability at the end of each reporting period are recognized as compensation cost, either immediately or over the remaining service period, depending on the vested status of the award.
Requisite Service Period
The period or periods during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for an award under a share-based payment arrangement. The service that an employee is required to render during that period is referred to as the requisite service. The requisite service period for an award that has only a service condition is presumed to be the vesting period, unless there is clear evidence to the contrary. If an award requires future service for vesting, the entity cannot define a prior period as the requisite service period. Requisite service periods may be explicit, implicit, or derived, depending on the terms of the share-based payment award.
GAAP vs Tax Treatment of SBC
GAAP - expense is recognized over the awards requisite (vesting) period.
Tax - expense is taken upon the exercise of stock options or at the end of the vesting period for RSUs/PSUs.
What are Special Bravo Accounts used for?
Recording compensation expense, tax impacts, equity clearing and additional paid-in-capital impacts.
Tax Credit
- A tax credit is an amount of money that taxpayers can subtract, dollar for dollar, from the income taxes they owe.
- Tax credits are more favorable than tax deductions because they reduce the tax due, not just the amount of taxable income.
- There are three basic types of tax credits: nonrefundable, refundable, and partially refundable.
- A nonrefundable tax credit can reduce the tax you owe to zero, but it can’t provide you with a tax refund.
Tax Deductions
Tax deductions are subtracted from your taxable income, thereby lowering the amount of tax you owe.
Call Stock Options
Right to purchase a certain number of shares at predetermined price for a specified period of time.
Put Stock Option
Right to sell a certain number of shares at predetermined price for a specified period of time.