WWII Flashcards
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
bc Japan thought a preemptive strike against pacific fleet was needed
Why did the US join WWII?
Japan was expanding in Asia
we put an oil embargo on them & moved pacific fleet from San Diego to Hawaii
Japan was threatened and planned to invade US
japan believed they needed a preemptive strike, lead to bombing of Pearl Harbor
WWII (intro.)
US wanted to remain neutral, congress passed Neutrality Acts
1939 concerned about Nazi expansion, passed 1939 Neutrality Act (cash and carry-helped Britain)
1941 Britain doesn’t have money to continue cash and carry, Lend Lease program started
V-E Day
Victory in Europe
Ended war May 8,1945
Battle of Berlin
Last battle w/ Germany
Soviet vs. Germany
(Hitler committed suicide during this battle)
D-Day
Operation Overlord
allies land in Normandy occupied France
Second front on Germany
Begin to push East
Battle of the Atlantic
War-long fight w/germany
Attempt to ship supplies to UK & Soviet Union
Germans rely on submarines
Convoy system developed
US in Pacific (supplying)
hard to supply Pacific military
triple distance to Japan vs. Britain
tropical climate ruined food
concentrated on Europe first
US in the Pacific
(Fighting across the ocean)
Island hopping strategy developed bc vast ocean
Battle of midway, turning point in Pacific
Japan lost 4 carriers & US lost 1
US in the Pacific (atomic bombs & more)
FDR died in office 1945, VP Truman became president
Manhattan Project to make atomic bomb, which was first tested @Los Alamos, New Mexico
Japan surrendered after atomic bombings at Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Arms race w/ Soviet Union
Eleanor Roosevelt
first lady
defined modern role of a first lady
active voice for reforming the New Deal to support blacks and women
Dust Bowl
Severe drought in US
overplowed fields, top soil dried and turned into dust storm
Okies- people moving from affected areas, became migrant workers (poor)
Roaring 20s (jazz)
Originated in south
improv
Louis Armstrong & Duke Ellington
Influenced composers like Cole Porter & Gershwin Bros
Made Rhapsody in Blue and Opera Porgy & Bess
Roaring 20s (Harlem Renaissance)
first major black artistic movement
W.E.B Dubois - writer
Langston Hughes - poetry with jazz rythym
Cotton Club - heart of the movement, white audience w/ black performers, in Harlem
18th Amendment
Prohibition
1919
supported by women, anti-German movement, progressives
caused growth in crime
21st Amendment repealed it, decreased crime, increased tax revenue
19th Amendment
Women can vote now
Enfranchisement=right to vote=suffrage
Roaring 20s (modernist movement)
Attempt to break tradition and create something unique
Impressionism, abstract, geometricism
Art deco and architecture
Roaring 20s
Henry ford improved assembly line
Car price lowers a lot, now affordable for most Americans
radio becomes affordable, by 1923 3million Americans had a radio
mass marketing campaigns
Movies w/ sound now widely offered
Creates a national culture
Caused of Great Depression(1929)
Industrial overproduction
Consumer overspending, under-consumtion
“Get rich quick” attitudes, stock market crash
disparity in wealth, wages didn’t match inflation, particularly hurt farmers and coal miners
Banking panic, 9,000 banks fails during 1930s
The Great Depression (job loss)
25%unemployment rate
many had only part time jobs
minorities hit hard, first to be laid off
men left their families to seek work, many never returned (shame, etc.)
The Great Depression (hoover)
Homeless people build hopvervilles out of scrap materials
President Hoover viewed as going too little too late, Hoover dam, Golden Gate Bridge, guaranteed home loans
Hoover loses election to FDR
The Great Depression (FDR)
Plan to deal with the Great Depression is call the New Deal
New Deal includes many programs to put people to work, TVS, CCC
FDIC- up to $5000 of insurance for bank accounts
SEC- regulated stock market in attempt to stop speculation & another crash
FDR wanted to help those that didn’t benefit from the New Deal (old people/disabled)
2nd New Deal- creates social security, old age pension, unemployed insurance, disability pay
Challenges to FDR and the New Deal
senator Huey P. Long of Luisiana, FDR didn’t go far enough, wanted to “share our wealth”
Supreme Court stuck down two part of the deal bc it tried to control private businesses
FDR tried to “pack the court” with extra Supreme Court judges bc of their attacks
Many of FDR’s supporters abandoned him of this
WWII-homefront (production & workforce)
War production board, shifted production from consumer to military goods, start rationing, victory gardens
Liberty ships by Kaiser Aluminum, built on assembly line, 42 days to build(vs. a year)
18million women enter workforce, Rosie the Riveter
Many defense industry employers still avoided hiring black workers
