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WWII Flashcards

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1
Q

What two countries were invaded in 1931?

A

Japanese invaded Manchuria
Italy invaded Ethiopia

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2
Q

In 1931 when Italy invaded Ethiopia did the Italians do that was illegal in warfare?

A

The use of Mustard Gas

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3
Q

The two events in 1931 Japanese and Italy invading displayed the ineffectiveness of what?

A

The League of Nations

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4
Q

What did the U.S. (America) pass due to the ineffectiveness of the League of nations in 1936, 1937, and 1939?

A

The Neutrality Acts

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5
Q

In the 1930s what is refered to as the “Axis”?

A

Rome, Berlin, and Tokyo

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6
Q

In the 1930s what is referred to as the “Axis”?

A

Rome, Berlin, and Tokyo

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7
Q

What pact was signed in 1936 by Germany and Japan?

A

The Anti-Comintern pact

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8
Q

In may 1939 what pact was signed between Italy and Germany?

A

The Pact of Steel

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9
Q

In March of 1935 what treaty did Hitler violate?

A

The Treaty of Versailles

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10
Q

How did Hitler violate the treaty of Versailles

A
  1. Military Conscription
  2. Building up the Panzer Waffe, Luft Waffe, and Griegs Marine
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11
Q

In March of 1936 what area did German troops occupy?

A

The Demilitarized Rhine Land

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12
Q

What did Hitler do during the Spanish Civil war in July 1936?

A

Hitler used the war as a testing ground for his Luftwaffe

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13
Q

In 1937 what conference did Hitler have in Germany?

A

The Hossback Conference

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14
Q

During the Hossback conference what did Hitler do/tell?

A
  1. Revealed his war plans
  2. Acquisition of Lebensraum or living space: Expensed by other nations in Europe
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15
Q

In March of 1938 what was the Anschlass?

A

Union of Austria by Germany occurs

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16
Q

At the Munich Conference in 1938 what did Britain and France do?

A

They caved to Hitlers demands.

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17
Q

At the Munich Conference what did the British PM Chamberlain declare?

A

“Peace for our time”

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18
Q

At the Munich Conference what award was Hitler given and by what magazine?

A

Man of the Year, Time Magazine

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19
Q

What October of 1938 what area did German troops occupy in the sudenland?

A

Czechoslovakia: 3 million Sudeten Germans lived there; they supported Hitler’s accusation.

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20
Q

In March of 1939 what did Hitler take over?

A

Czechoslovakia

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21
Q

In August of 1939 what pact was signed between Russia and Germany?

A

The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

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22
Q

On September 1st, 1939 what country did Nazis invade, and what tactic did they use?

A

Poland: they used “Blitzkrieg” aka Lightening Warfare

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23
Q

From October 1939 to May 1940, what did Hitler “Fake”?

A

The Sitzkrieg: Aka “Phony War”

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24
Q

During the Sitzkrieg from October 1939 to May 1940 what did Hitler do during this time?

A

Consolidate Army and Equipment back to Europe.
- France behind Maginot Siegfried Line
- Britan sent troops to wait for German attack

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25
Q

What did Germans call the “West Wall”?

A

The Maginot Siegfried Line

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26
Q

What did the U.S. declare in 1939?

A

Neutrality: Institutes “Cash and Carry” program with allies

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27
Q

What two countries did Hitler launch blitzkreig attacks on in 1940 and why?

A

Norway and Denmark: Secure Iron Ore
- both fell within days

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28
Q

What is the “Miracle of Denmark in 1940”?

A

British rescue troops in Dunkirk

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29
Q

During the rescue of Dunkirk how many troops were safely moved and how?

A

Over 300,000 troops: Every ship or boat available
- happened while the Germans bypassed Maginot Line

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30
Q

In June of 1940 what country fell to German Nazis?

A

France: By this time Hitler controlled the continent just like Napolean with the exception of Britain.

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31
Q

During the fall of France in 1940 what puppet state is established in the south?

A

The Vicky Government: Headed by Marshall Petain

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32
Q

Who led French resistance forces?

A

Charles De Gaulle: Escaped to Britain and worked to liberate France.

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33
Q

What did Hitler hope Churchill the British PM would do?

A

Surrender: But Churchill refused

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34
Q

In August of 1940 to June of 1941 what did the German Luftwaffe do?

A

Began to bomb Britain: Known as the “Battle for Britain.”

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35
Q

During the “Battle for Britain” what did the Luftwaffe target?

A
  1. First Military targets
  2. British cities: Germann Goering convinced Hitler to bomb the cities.
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36
Q

When did the bombing of “Battle of Britain” occur?

A

Nightly: From sundown to sunup.

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37
Q

During the “Battle for Britain” why was bombing at night a mistake for the Germans?

A

Allowed British to continue building military equipment that would help Britain survive

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38
Q

What expertise did the RAF provide during the Battle for Britain?

A

Anti-aircraft defense and use of Radar.

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38
Q

What expertise did the RAF provide during the Battle for Britain?

A

Anti-aircraft defense and use of Radar.

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39
Q

What did Hitler due during the Battle for Britain that allowed the British to hold of the Germans?

A

He turned his interest to the Soviet Union.

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40
Q

What did Mussolini order his troops to do in September of 1940?

A

Move forces into Eqypt

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41
Q

What did Mussolini order his troops to do in September of 1940?

A

Move forces into Egypt.

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42
Q

In October of 1940 what country did Italy invade?

A

Greece

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43
Q

What was the Lend Lease Act of 1941 signed by the U.S.?

A

Allowed the president to sell materials to any country that he deemed vital to the country’s defense.

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44
Q

What did America become known for because of the 1941 Lend Lease Act?

A

The “Arsenal of Democracy”

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45
Q

What happened in June of 1941?

A

Germans end air attacks on Britain.

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46
Q

What country did Germany invade in June of 1941?

A

Russia: Operation Barbossa

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47
Q

In August of 1941 what did Roosevelt and Churchill sign?

A

The Atlantic Charters: Similar to Wilsons 14 points that laid the foundation for the United Nations.

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48
Q

What famous “Siege” started in September of 1941?

A

Siege of Leningrad: Last for over 900 days

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49
Q

What fate would Hitlers army suffer during the Siege of Leningrad?

A

The same fate as Napolean’s: Only 25 miles from Moscow and Leningrad surrounded as winter set in.

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50
Q

Why was Hitlers military incapable of taking Leningrad?

A

Winder set in 25 miles from Moscow, and all the German Soldiers had was summer gear. The winter would help Russia

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51
Q

What contributed to Hitler’s failure in conquering Russia?

A
  1. Recourses were drained trying to fight Russia
  2. Hitler fought on two war fronts: Which caused Germanys defeat
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52
Q

What sanction did the U.S. impose on Japan on December 7, 1941?

A

Due to Japanese aggression in Asia, the U.S. banned selling oil to Japan.
- Japan would respond by bombing Pearl Harbor

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53
Q

On December 8, 1941, what did the U.S. declare?

A

War on Japan

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54
Q

On December 11, 1941 what did German and Italy declare?

A

War on the U.S.

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55
Q

In 1942 what was the “Battle of Midway”?

A

The U.S. defeated a Japanese attack against Midway.

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56
Q

During the “Battle of Midway” what did the U.S. and Japanese lose?

A

Japan: 4 Japanese Carriers, and a Heavy Cruiser
U.S.: One aircraft

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57
Q

What was the “Battle of Midway” considered during the war?

A

The turning point of the Pacific.

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58
Q

What was the “turning point” of the war in Europe?

A

The Battle of Stalingrad July 1942 - February 1943

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59
Q

Why is the “Battle of Stalingrad” considered one of the bloodiest in human history?

A

Combined casualties estimated to be over 1.5 Million

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60
Q

What battle offensive did Douglas MacArthur launch in August of 1942?

A

Offense against Guadalcanal in the Soloman Islands

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61
Q

Why was the Offense agains Guadalcanal effective?

A

Strategy of hopping and attacking one and leaving another island
- This would serve as the steppingstones for a direct invasion to Japan

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62
Q

What countries did Allied forces under General Montgomery and Patton invade from July 1943 to August 1944?

A

Sicily and Mainland Italy

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63
Q

After the invasion of Normandy what island did the U.S. take back in October of 1944

A

The Philippines

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64
Q

What was Operation Bagration?

A

Russian forces march westward through Poland.

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65
Q

During the alilie firebombing of February 1945 how many were killed?

A

135,000 people were killed in Dresden.

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66
Q

When was the “Battle of Iwo Jima”?

A

Feb-Mar 1945: 26,000 Americans were killed

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67
Q

In March of 1945 what city in Japan did the U.S. firebomb?

A

Tokyo: Killing 80,000, and firebombing 67 other cities.

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68
Q

When was the battle of Okinawa, and why was it important?

A

April -July 1945: The U.S. forces moved closer to Japan

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69
Q

What did Mussolini try to do in April of 1945, and what happened to him?

A

Escape: He was caught and killed.

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70
Q

What did Hitler do on April 28, 1945?

A

Committed suicide with an associate in a Berlin Bunker.

71
Q

What happened on May 08, 1945?

A

Germany surrenders: War in Europe is over
- Known as VE day

72
Q

What did the U.S. test on July 1945?

A

Successful test of atomic bomb.

73
Q

On August 6, 1945 what did the US do?

A

Dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima: 160,000 people were killed, 90% of the city destroyed.

74
Q

On August 9, 1945 what did the U.S. Do?

A

Dropped atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan: Killing 75,000 people.

75
Q

When did Japan announce their surrender?

A

August 15, 1945.

76
Q

When was the official surrender of Japan?

A

September 2, 1945: VJ Day

77
Q

What did Casablanca do in January of 1943?

A

Launch an attack on Italy: And agreed to unconditional surrender.

78
Q

What did Stalin fear the allies might do?

A

Sign a separate treaty with Hitler: However only Roosevelt and Churchill meet.

79
Q

What meeting was held in Tehran in Nov-Dec 1943?

A

The Big Three agreed on post-war occupation.
- Creation of UN
- Occupy Germany: Demilitarize
- Second front through France
- Russians would liberate Eastern Europe
- Profound impact on post-WW2 Europe

80
Q

What happened during the Valta Conference in February 1945?

A
  • Germany would be divided in 4 zones
  • Stalin hold and free Eastern Europe and declare war on Japan
  • UN veto system
  • Veto was source of friction between U.S. and Russia
  • Free elections were never held in Eastern Europe
81
Q

What was the Potsdam Conference?

A

Set policy for the occupation and reconstruction of Germany and other nations after fighting in Europe ended with Germanys surrender.

82
Q

What came out of the Potsdam Conference?

A

Potsdam Declaration: Japanese terms of surrender or they will face utter destruction.

83
Q

What is the Holocaust?

A

The effort of Hitler and Nazis to destroy all of the Jews in Europe.

84
Q

What are the Nuremberg Laws of 1935?

A
  1. Prohibited Jews from marrying non-jews
  2. denied Jews of citizenship
  3. Forced to wear yellow star of David
  4. Prohibited from teaching at school/university
85
Q

What was the Kristallnacht of 1938?

A
  1. Violence against all Jews, Synagogues, businesses, homes, and taken to concentration camps.
86
Q

What did the Nazis do to the Jews after the fall of Poland?

A

Deported Jews to Poland ghettos and were forced into slave labor

87
Q

What was Hitlers final solution of the Jews in 1941?

A

Jews shipped to concentration/death camps: Auschwitz the most famous.
- 12,000 Jews a day were killed there, over a 8 million during the Holocaust

88
Q

What was the estimated lifes lost after the war?

A

As many as 50 million were dead.

89
Q

How many were killed during the Holocost?

A

Over 11 million were killed during the Holocost

90
Q

What were the “War crime trials”?

A

Axis leaders are tried for crimes against humanity: Political and War leaders held accountable.
- over 10,000 since the end of war

91
Q

What were the Nuremberg Trials?

A

Herman Goering and Joachim Von Ribbentrop sentenced to death for 24 counts.

92
Q

What were the Tokyo Trials?

A

Trials ended in 1949: General Tojo, Prime Minister, and Minister of War tried and executed.
- Emperor and family not changed
- Japan still denies much to this day

93
Q

Did all of the accused during the trials come to justice?

A

Many accused were never captured or brought to trial

94
Q

What political ideology was abandoned post war?

A

Totalitarian ideology was discredited

95
Q

What did the U.S. believe would ensure future peace?

A

Democracy

96
Q

How did the U.S. take steps to ensure future peace?

A

Established the United Nations

97
Q

Where was the United Nations headquarters?

A

New York City.

98
Q

What was the goal of the U.N?

A
  1. Prevent War
  2. Safeguard Human life
  3. Mechanism for international law
  4. promote social and economic progress
  5. improve living standards and fight disease
99
Q

What is the UN secretary General?

A

Acts as the UN leader or spokesperson, serves two years
- Current Antonio Gatez

100
Q

What is the General Assembly?

A

Each nation has one vote: 192 nations are members of the UN

101
Q

What is the Security Council?

A

Power to apply sanctions or send peace keeping forces.

102
Q

What are the five perminent members of the UN?

A

U.S., Great Britan, France, Russia, and China

103
Q

What are the UN Elected Members?

A

Countries selected each year to serve on security council: Usually one from Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa

104
Q

What are other UN activates?

A

World Health Organization (WHO) Food and Agriculture Organization

105
Q

What started the “Cold War?”

A

Stalin wanted to spread communism in Eastern Europe.

106
Q

By 1948 what were the effects of the “Cold War?”

A

Pro Soviet Governments are in place in Eastern Europe
No free elections

107
Q

What two countries emerged as super powers after WW2?

A

Russia and U.S.

108
Q

What contributed to the cold war?

A

Conflicting ideologies between Democracy and Communism

109
Q

What is the Truman Doctrine?

A

US support for any country that rejected or resisted communism.

110
Q

What is the US Doctrine of Containment?

A

Keep communism out of Greece and Turkey, and areas already under USSR control.

111
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

Food and Economic assistance to European nations by the US to resist communism

112
Q

How did Russia appose the Marshall Plan?

A

Forbids aid to European countries and promises Soviet aid by setting up Cominform.

113
Q

What did Russia do to Germany after the war?

A

Take reparations from Germany by dismantling and removing factories.
- Britain, France, and U.S. also did this.

114
Q

What did the western Allies do at Western Germany?

A

Established zones of occupation and extend Marshall plan to West Germany: New currency in West Germany

115
Q

What did Russia do to east Germany?

A

Soviets install socialist dictatorship under Stalin’s control.

116
Q

What was the Berlin Blockade from 1948 - 1949?

A

Stalin diveds berlin in 4 zones, and was upset about west Germany new currency: Decides to close Berlin access to Allies.

117
Q

What did Stalin due during the Berlin Blockade?

A

Seals off railways and roads to western sectors of the city.

118
Q

How did the west respond to the Berlin Blockade?

A

U.S. flew food and supplies into Berlin around the clock for almost a year: Major success for newly created Air Force.

119
Q

In 1945 what did the US form in the UN?

A

The Nato alliance between U.S., Canada, and Western European countries
- 1952 Greece and Turkey admitted

120
Q

How did the USSR respond the Nato Alliance?

A

Formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955, USSR and seven satellites in Eastern Europe.

121
Q

What happend in China in 1949?

A

Communist forces defeat Nationalist forces.

122
Q

What was the U.S. stance during the cold war?

A

U.S. defends capitalism and democracy against communism and totalitarism.

123
Q

What was the Soviets stance during the cold war?

A

Soviets claim the moral high ground in struggle against western “Imperialism.”

124
Q

What did Senator McCarty do during the cold war?

A

Led a hunt for communists, later called McCarthyism

125
Q

What was the HUAC?

A

Sought to expose communist sympathizers.

126
Q

What military alliance was formed during the cold war?

A

NATO: Established military bases around the world

127
Q

Why was SEATO and CENTO formed?

A

To strengthen U.S. alliances, and develop containment policy agains communism.

128
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs?

A

Invasion against Cuba in 1961

129
Q

When was the Cuban Missile crisis?

A

1962

130
Q

What did president Reagan propose?

A

Star Wars: A strategic defense initiative, a missile defense system.

131
Q

What did the cold war do to Europe?

A

Communist ruled in East and Democracies ruled in the West.

132
Q

How was Berlin divided during the Cold War?

A

Dived between East and West Germany.

133
Q

What did East Germany build in November 1961?

A

The Berlin Wall: To halt flow of people to the West side of Berlin

134
Q

In 1956 what is Poland and Hungary do?

A

Challenged Soviet rule, and sought economic reform.

135
Q

In 1960 which two countries developed nuclear weapons?

A

Britan and France.

136
Q

What was the goal of NPT in 1968?

A

To limit the spread of the arms race.

137
Q

When did Russia develop nuclear weapons?

A

1949

138
Q

What was the Soviet Bloc?

A

Russian alliance with Africa, Asia, and other governments

139
Q

What did Russia do for China and Korea?

A

Assited communist forces in those countries

140
Q

What did Fidel Castro do after the Cubal Revolution?

A

Sought support from Soviet Union.

141
Q

What did Nikita Khruschev call for with the West?

A

Peaceful Coexistence
- Khruschev was replaced with Brezhnev after Cuban missile crisis.

142
Q

Under Leonid Brezhnev what happed to people apposed to communism?

A

Arrested and imprisoned.

143
Q

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

A

Soviets would interfere wherever communism was threatended

144
Q

When did Russia invade Afghanistan?

A

1979: Era of detente ended

145
Q

What was a contributing factor of the cold war in regards to the US?

A

The U.S. became the worlds wealthiest economy

146
Q

What helped foreign trade during this time?

A

US exports of goods and services

147
Q

What did president Truman do to the Armed Forces in 1948?

A

Desegregation in the Armed Forces

148
Q

What did the supreme court Declaire?

A

That segregated schools were unconstitutional.

149
Q

During this time what was happening in America?

A

Suburbanization of America as people move from urban centers to the suburbs.

150
Q

How were recession in the 1950s and 1960s?

A

Brief and mild

151
Q

What was the Civil rights act of 1960s?

A

Protect minorities, voting rights, and equal access to housing and jobs

152
Q

What did Dr. Martin Luther King do?

A

Led the Civil Rights Movement
- used civil disobedience and passive resistance

153
Q

What was the Great Society programs by President Lyndon Johnson?

A

Domestic Programs
- Elimination of poverty
- Elimination of racial injustice

154
Q

What happened during the 1980s to the Great Society Programs?

A

Many were cut during budget deficit.

155
Q

What was the reason of the 1973 recession?

A

Arab petroleum due to Yorn Kippur would no longer ship oil to nations that supported Isriel.

156
Q

What is Womens Rights Movement (WOW)?

A

Movement to lift ban on laws there were gender discrimination

157
Q

Did the Marshall plan help Germany?

A

It helped the division in Germany and the reunification in 1990

158
Q

What did Germany due after WW2?

A

Rebuilt cities, factories, and trade creating and industrial base.

159
Q

What was happening during Britain during the 1980s?

A

Government expanded social benefits and established welfare states which meant greater taxes.

160
Q

What did conservative leaders do in Britan in the 1980s?

A

Reduced social programs.

161
Q

Why was the European Coal and Steel community created in 1952?

A

Eliminate tarrifs and other trade barriers among member nations

162
Q

What was the EEC?

A

Development of the European Economic Community: Freed up trade among member nations

163
Q

What was the impact of the Cold War in Asia?

A

The Chinese Communist Revolution

164
Q

What happened in China under Mao?

A

He defeated Chaing Kai who retreated to Taiwan and set up Nationalist government there.

165
Q

What was the effect of the Chinese Communist Revoltion?

A
  • land was distributed to peasants
  • one party totalitarian state
  • discouraged religion
  • opposes were beaten and send to labor camps and killed
166
Q

What happened during the Great Leap in China?

A

Communes were formed to increase farm and industrial ambitions.

167
Q

What did China try on farms that ultimately failed?

A

Collectivization, which failed miserably as it did in Russia.

168
Q

What was the result of the Great Leap Forward?

A

Industry produced low quality goods, incentives removed from farmers, and bad weather led to famine.

169
Q

What did Moa try to do with the “Four Olds?”

A

Remove, old customs, old habits, old thoughts, and old culture: Enforced by the Red Guards

170
Q

When did China ally with the Soviet Union?

A

1950

171
Q

Why did the Soviet Union withdraw aid from China in 1960?

A

Border clashes, and disputes over ideologies.

172
Q

How did Chain Kai Shek rule Taiwan?

A

As a dictatorship: China considered Taiwan a breakaway province

173
Q

After WW2 how did the US view Taiwan and China?

A

The US supported the Nationalist Government of Taiwan and refused to recognize the Peoples Republic of China.

174
Q

In 1971 what did the UN allow China to do ?

A

Replace Taiwan in the UN

175
Q

When did the US formally establish diplomatic relations with China?

A

1979

History (2 decks)

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