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Modern History > WWI Revision > Flashcards

WWI Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Derby Scheme introduced?

A

November 1915

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2
Q

What did the Derby Scheme do?

A

Called upon men 18-41 on a national register to enlist

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3
Q

When was the Kiel Mutiny?

A

34d November 1918

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4
Q

How many cases of desertion were there in 1917 in the German army?

A

100,000

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5
Q

What were the Pals Battalions, and who were they introduced by?

A

Lord Derby and Kitchener–encouraged people from the same town to enlist together.

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6
Q

What were the voluntary enlistment assumption figures made at the beginning of war?

A

100,000 would voluntarily enlist per month

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7
Q

What happened to conchies whose claims were turned down?

A

If claimed turned down and failed to report for duty, could be court martialled and imprisoned

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8
Q

Approximately how many conchies went to prison at least once

A

6,000

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9
Q

Among which government departments did the Dept. of Info amalgamate?

A

Foreign Office News Department (overseas propaganda), Neutral Press Committee (provide info. to the press)

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10
Q

What did the Secret War Propaganda Bureau do?

A

Provided information, such as information about the war, to newspapers

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11
Q

When was the Patriotic Auxiliary Service Law introduced, and what did it do?

A
  1. Government could call up all men 17-60 for labour service in wartime industries
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12
Q

What was the expansion of the German army from peacetime to 1916

A

Peacetime-800,000

1916-5.8 million

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13
Q

What did the Allies do which affected German propaganda in 1914?

A

August 1914–cut German undersea cables except one. Their telegrams could be intercepted and read by the British; also less able to attract German support

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14
Q

What was artillery?

A

Large-calibre guns

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15
Q

What was a type of light artillery and its disadvantage?

A

Field guns. Only effective when used in groups

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16
Q

What were Howitzers?

A

Short guns with high trajectories

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17
Q

Example of Howitzers

A

BL 9.2, Big Bertha

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18
Q

What was the German counterpart of the Lewis machine gun?

A

Bergman

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19
Q

How effective were machine guns?

A

As effective as 80 rifles. Could fire 450 rounds p.m.

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20
Q

When was the First Battle of Cambrai?

A

November 1917

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21
Q

When was Verdun?

A

21st February-18th December 1916

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22
Q

When was gas first used?

A

Neuve Chappelle October 1914–shrapnel with chemical irritant. Chlorine gas–April 1915 (2nd Ypres)–Germans–8km gap opened

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23
Q

How many cases of shell shock had the British army dealt with by 1918?

A

80,000 cases

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24
Q

What percentage mustard gas victims died?

A

3%

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25
Q

When did Zeppelin raids over London begin?

A

1915

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26
Q

What was an example of anti-British sentiment in Germany at the start of the war?

A

Hymn of Hate–‘we have one foe…England!’

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27
Q

What was evidence of war weariness by 1916?

A

30,000–peace demonstration in Frankfurt; starvation on home front–food riots in over 30 German cities

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28
Q

What was evidence of disillusionment with the war by 1917?

A

~550 strikes (increase from ~150 in 1915)

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29
Q

How many died from starvation in 1917 in Germany?

A

250,000 dead

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30
Q

How many protested low standards of living and food shortages in Germany in 1918?

A

More than 1 million

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31
Q

How many shells were being produced in spring 1915 in Britain vs Germany?

A

Britain-700 vs Germany 250,000

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32
Q

When did Lloyd George become Minister for Munitions in the Asquith government?

A

1915

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33
Q

When was the Munitions of War Act passed?

A

July 1915

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34
Q

What did the Ministry of Munitions have power to do, under the Munitions of War Act (1915)?

A

Factories became production machines for front line; power to requisition raw materials; control of key factories

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35
Q

When was the leaving certificate introduced?

A

1915

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36
Q

What did the leaving certificate do?

A

Leaving Certificate from employer necessary to leave job in munition factories; without it, people could not find work for 6 weeks

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37
Q

How many munitions workers were there by 1918?

A

3 million

38
Q

When was the National Registration Act introduced?

A

1915

39
Q

What did the National Registration Act do?

A

Created a national register of all adults (men and women 16-65), included employment details, willingness to serve in work of national importance. They could be directed into these jobs

40
Q

What were figures indicating the success of government schemes to boost munitions production?

A

1914-15–army received 100 artillery pieces and 6000 grenades
1915-16–army received 5000 artillery pieces and 27 million grenades

41
Q

How many working days were lost to strikes by 1915?

A

3 million

42
Q

How many working days in Britain were lost to strikes by 1915?

A

3 million

43
Q

By the end of 1916, how many tonnes of British imports were U-boats destroying?

A

300,000 per month

44
Q

What proportion of British food was imported in 1914?

A

2/3

45
Q

When did Lloyd George replace Asquith as PM?

A

December 1916

46
Q

What proportion of German food was previously imported?

A

More than 1/3

47
Q

Which figure demonstrates the failure of German harvests in 1916-17?

A

Grain production 22.5 million T–>5.2

48
Q

When was bread rationed in Germany?

A

1916

49
Q

When were bread rations cut in Germany?

A

April 1917–cut from 200–>170g per day

50
Q

By 1917, what nutritional requirements were German rations fulfilling?

A

Half average daily calorie requirements

51
Q

What is a figure demonstrating that the British naval blockade hurt Germany?

A

Took away 80% German export market

52
Q

What was the increase in British government taxation levels from 1914-18?

A

Increase of 800%

53
Q

How did the Germans aim to finance the war, and what issues did this cause?

A

Printing more money, hoping that once Germany won, they could force the Allies to pay. Inflation–by 1917, purchasing power of workers’ wages on home front only 50% prewar level

54
Q

What was the increase in the German fiscal deficit from 1914-18?

A

Over 6-fold increase from 1914-18

55
Q

What percentage of war finance could Germany afford by 1915?

A

Could only finance 16% of war from taxation; heavy borrowing

56
Q

When was Queen Mary’s Needlework Guild formed?

A

1914

57
Q

How many members did the QM Needlework Guild have by the end of the war?

A

Over 1 million members

58
Q

What was the increase in female civil servants?

A

Approx. 5-fold increase over course of war to ~170,000 by 1919

59
Q

When was the Women’s Land Army formed?

A

Early 1917

60
Q

How many women worked in the WLA?

A

23,000

61
Q

When was the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps established?

A

January 1917

62
Q

How many women serviced in the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps?

A

~57,000

63
Q

How many women served in the Women’s Royal Air Force?

A

~32,000

64
Q

How many women serviced in the Women’s Royal Navy Service?

A

At peak, over 7,000

65
Q

What were the differences between the Women’s Royal Air Force immobiles and mobiles?

A

Immobiles lived at home but were attached to a station. Mobiles lived in quarters and could be sent anywhere

66
Q

Which piece of legislation gave women the limited right to vote?

A

Representation of People Act 1918

67
Q

How was the right to female suffrage by 1918 limited?

A

Those enfranchised were generally middle-class and married. The majority of female war workers, esp. munitionettes, had been working-class

68
Q

When did the Women’s Social and Political Union change its newspaper name, and what to?

A
  1. The Suffragette–>Britannia
69
Q

When was the Lusitania sunk?

A

7th May 1915

70
Q

What were the casualties from the Lusitania?

A

1200 civilian lives. 124 Americans

71
Q

When was the Sussex sunk?

A

24th March 1916

72
Q

What were the casualties from the Sussex sinking?

A

2 wounded Americans

73
Q

When did Congress vote to declare war?

A

6th April 1917

74
Q

When did the Americans establish the Emergency Fleet Corporation?

A

16th April 1917 (10 days after declaring war)

75
Q

What did the Emergency Fleet Corporation do?

A

Drastically increased naval construction–available tonnage 1 million–>10 million

76
Q

What did the American navy do after America entered the war?

A

Lay mine barrages across the North Sea to inhibit the movement of American submarines

77
Q

When was the Selective Service Act passed?

A

18th May 1917

78
Q

What did the Selective Service Act require Americans do?

A

All American citizens 21-31 (later 18-45) had to register for the draft

79
Q

How many men in America were inducted into service?

A

3 million of 24 million enlisted men

80
Q

When did the first American Expeditionary Force troops arrive in France?

A

25th June 1917

81
Q

When did the AEF enter trenches?

A

October 1917

82
Q

When was the Russian-German ceasefire?

A

15th December 1917

83
Q

When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ratified?

A

3rd March 1918

84
Q

When did the first American soldiers begin fighting?

A

Spring 1918

85
Q

How many divisions and troops were transferred from the Eastern to Western Front after Russian surrender?

A

52 divisions-almost 1 million troops

86
Q

How many Russians were lost to German rule?

A

62 million Russians

87
Q

What percentage of iron and coal reserves of Russia were surrendered to the Germans?

A

3.4

88
Q

What were the modern-day territories surrendered by Russia to the Germans under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A

Most of modern-day Poland, Finland, the Baltic States, and the Ukraine

89
Q

What percentage of heavy industry was surrendered to the Germans by Russia?

A

27%

90
Q

At what rate were the Americans arriving in July 1918?

A

10,000 per day

91
Q

When did the Americans begin arriving at 10,000 per day?

A

July 1918

Modern History (4 decks)

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