WWI Review Flashcards by Andres Gomez

Payments that get made as punishments for bad behavior, like destroying countries and killing people

Reparations

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Any kind of information that is designed to influence opinions or beliefs

Propaganda

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Name of Wilson’s proposed peacekeeping organization, and precursor to the United Nations

League of Nations

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Another word for spying, this act meant the government could throw you in person if you did suspicious things during the war

Espionage Act

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General of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe

John Pershing

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Oversaw the propaganda branch of our government (CPI) when the war began

George Creel

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Method used by US Navy to protect our ships traveling to Europe during WWI

Convoy system

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Segment of our economy that Baruch’s WIB was designed to control by setting prices and quotas for production

Industry

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Numbers of soldiers killed, wounded, or missing that skyrocketed during WWI because of deadly trench warfare

Casualties

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Turkey, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, and Germany

Central Powers

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Name of the organization that regulated agriculture during the war, headed by a future President

Food Administration

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Teams of nations in Europe who promised to support and protect each other, it created a domino effect which brought the world into war

Alliance System

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Name of the palace where the treaty ending WWI was signed, now the name of the treaty itself

Versailles

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Deadly new weapon of WWI, meant individual soldiers could shoot and kill multiple enemies at one time, in rapid succession

Machine Gun

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Idea that in order for a nation to have power it must have a strong, battle-ready military

Militarism

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The countries who formed a team to oppose the Triple Alliance

Triple Entente

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Hyper-patriotism, believing your nation is so great that no other nation matters or should have power

Nationalism

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Big strong countries taking over smaller weaker countries

Imperialism

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Assassin of Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie - without this guy, there might not have been WWI

Gavrilo Princip

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Legislation that limited America’s freedom of speech during WWI

Sedition Act

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The act that began our draft for soldiers in WWI

Selective Service Act

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Nickname for the U.S. soldiers who fought in the trenches and won the war

Doughboys

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President of the U.S. during WWI, who fought with Congress and nearly died from the struggle to bring peace to the world

Woodrow Wilson

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Shift of much of African-American population from the rural south to the northern industrial urban areas

Great Migration

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Germany's scheming Foreign Minister whose telegram helped bring the U.S. into war

Zimmerman Note

Where most of the war was fought, even though no one could gain an advantage

Trenches

What was Woodrow Wilson's peace proposal called

Fourteen Points

Another name for U-boat, the stealthy sea weapon that the Germans were known for

Submarines

This was signed on 11/11/1918, at 11:00 am, and caused the soldiers to put down their weapons and go home

Armistice

France, Russia, and England

Triple Entente

Germany, Italy, and Austria Hungary

Triple Alliance

-Germany (1871) began to industrialize, especially their military and weapons -Germany used this readiness to take over part of France (Alsace-Lorraine)

Militarism

1. Germany-strong nationalism 2. Austria-Hungary wants to expand by taking Serbia, but they resist 3. Archduke Franz Ferdinand go to negotiate but get assassinated 4. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia 5. Serbia alliance with Russia (Domino Effect)

Nationalism

Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Serbia, Romania, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, and Portugal

Allied Powers

What was the U.S. doing for 3 years while the rest of the world was at war?

The U.S remained neutral during the first years of the war

Where was the majority of the war fought?

The Western Front in trenches

Why was the majority of the war fought on the Western Front?

A stalemate had developed because defensive weapons were proven to be more deadly than offensive ones. As a result, they fought in trenches

What were some of the new weapons and technologies invented during WWI?

*Machine guns *Chlorine gas *Airplanes *Submarines *Tanks and armed cars

How did the U.S. get dragged into the war? (4 things in progression)

1. Germany's invasion of neutral Belgium 2. German submarines violate Neutral RIghts by sinking the Lusitania (British) and the Sussex (French) 3. British blockade of Germany 4. Zimmermann note

How did the U.S. get ready to fight in WWI?

*passing of the National Defense Act *passing of the Naval Construction Act *passing of the Selective Service Act *constructing a war economy *propaganda (CPI)

This act expanded the size of the army

National Defense Act

This act ordered the building of more warships

Naval Construction Act

The agency, headed by Bernard Baruch, determined what products industries would make, where those products went, and how much they would cost

War Industries Board

Headed by George Creel, this agency wanted to convince Americans that the war effort was a just cause. They designed, printed, and distributed millions of posters that dramatized the needs of America and its allies

Committee on Public Information

Headed by Herbert Hoover, this agency was responsible for setting prices high for wheat and other foodstuffs to encourage farmers to increase production. They also asked the people to conserve food as a patriotic gesture

Food Administration

This agency sold war bonds, raise taxes, and set prices and quotas to high prices, to support the war effort

The U.S. government

How did propaganda help our time in the war?

Propaganda helped earned widespread support for the Americana war effort

How did propaganda hurt our time in the war?

Propaganda portrayed Germans as "ruthless conquerors," which resulted in German Americans being discriminated

How did the U.S. government change?

*Congress making way for the Sedition Act *Congress passing the Espionage Act *The Court said that First Amendment protections of speech do not apply during war

The court case that ruled that there are times when the need for public order is so pressing that First Amendment protections of speech do not apply

Schenck v. US

Which people were singled out for harassment and hostility?

German Americans

What caused German Americans to be singled out?

Propaganda portrayed them as ruthless conquerors trying to take over the world Nativism

*Americans stopped teaching German in school *Pressured to prove their loyalty to America by condemning the German government *Giving up speaking German and reading German-language newspapers *Harrassed, beaten, or even killed

Examples of German Americas singled out for harassment and hostility

*Lost of workers in jobs that the soldiers once had *The government encouraged the people to go to work in war industries, conserve food and other goods, and buy liberty bonds *Women and African Americans joined the workforce

Effects when the U.S join the fighting in Europe

The two long-lasting results of the social changes at home

*With the women proving that they could succeed in any type of job, regardless of difficulty or risk, they gained the right to vote *Great Migration: With African Americans migrating to the North, they helped the country to make economic advancements, and helped grow small industrial towns

When did U.S. soldiers begin helping the Allied Powers?

When John Pershing, commander of American forces in Europe, arrived in France in June 1917, with a small American force. It was not until early 1918 that American troops began arriving in larger numbers

How did the arrival of "doughboys" affect the ending of the war?

Helped the tired Allied troops to gain a military advantage (fresh troops) over the Germans, who were also tired. Also helped the Allies to win the war quicker

What finally caused the Germans to give up the fight?

Armistice

When was the Armistice signed

November 11, 1918, at 11:00 am, in a railway car in Compiegne France

When did the U.S. finally sign the Versailles Treaty?

Since America disliked most of the ideas the Versailles Treaty proposed, they decided to not sign it

*De-militarize *Give up territory *Pay reparations - $33 billion *Accept the blame for WWI

The 4 things that Germany were required to do when the war ended

List of terms for resolving World War I and future wars outlined by President Woodrow Wilson

Fourteen Points

*Peace without victory *Open diplomacy *Freedom of seas and free trade *Move toward ending colonialism *Self-determination *Creation of the League of Nations (Ending Militarism, Alliance systems, Imperialism, and Nationalism)

Wilson's Ideas for Peace

What happened to the League of Nations?

With the United States (Senate) rejecting to join the League Nations, the League of Nations proved unable to maintain peace among nations

What nearly killed President Wilson after the war?

(Joining the League of Nations) When Wilson was weak and ill during the 32 addresses--about joining the League of Nations--in 33 days, he suffered a stroke a few days later.

Which country had the highest casualties in the war?

Russia

Which country lost the most territory after the war?

Germany

Which country suffered the most damage in the war?

France

What happened to US soldiers after the war?

*They would've seen African Americans and women working at their job, which created some conflict *Some soldiers were unappreciated for their war efforts

What happened to women after the war?

*The end of the war spelled the end of wartime economic opportunities for women. By 1920, there were fewer women in the workforce than there had been in 1910 *Allowed to vote

What happened to African Americans after the war?

*They were discriminated against by whites, which resulted in a lot of violence, or lynching *African American soldiers were unappreciated for their war efforts

What happened to immigrants after the war?

Some were arrested but never charged or tried for a crime. The government then deported hundreds of radical immigrants. It was because of the Red Scare that was happening in America

What happened to young, healthy Americans (aged 20-30) after the war?

*The influenza pandemic of 1918 hit men and women in their twenties and thirties the hardest, rather than children and the elderly. *The flu pandemic killed 550,000 Americans, including 50,000 soldiers

A wave of widespread fear of suspected communists and radicals thought to be plotting revolution within the United States

Red Scare

A series of raids that police arrested thousands of people, some who were radicals and some who were simply immigrants from southern or Eastern Europe

Palmer Raids

A group of isolationist senators opposed any treaty that had a League of Nations folded into it

Irreconcilables

A group of Senators who opposed the treaty because of how it was written

Reservationists