wwi pb Flashcards
inlfuenza pandemic
Influenza pandemic is an epidemic of an influenza virus that spreads on a worldwide scale and infects a large proportion of the world population. In contrast to the regular seasonal epidemics of influenza, these pandemics occur irregularly - there have been about 9 Influenza pandemics during the last 300 years
surrealism
a style of art and literature developed principally in the 20th century, stressing the subconscious or nonrational significance of imagery arrived at by automatism or the exploitation of chance effects, unexpected juxtapositions, etc.
cubism
a style of painting and sculpture developed in the early 20th century, characterized chiefly by an emphasis on formal structure, the reduction of natural forms to their geometrical equivalents, and the organization of the planes of a represented object independently of representational requirements.
jazz
music originating in New Orleans around the beginning of the 20th century and subsequently developing through various increasingly complex styles, generally marked by intricate, propulsive rhythms, polyphonic ensemble playing, improvisatory, virtuosic solos, melodic freedom, and a harmonic idiom ranging from simple diatonicism through chromaticism to atonality
functionalism
a design movement evolved from several previous movements or schools in Europe in the early 20th century, advocating the design of buildings, furnishings, etc., as direct fulfillments of material requirements, as for shelter, repose, or the serving of food, with the construction, materials, and purpose clearly expressed or at least not denied, and with aesthetic effect derived chiefly from proportions and finish, purely decorative effects being excluded or greatly subordinated.
prohibition era
Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages that remained in place from 1920 to 1933.
black tuesday
Black Tuesday refers to October 29, 1929, when panicked sellers traded nearly 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange (four times the normal volume at the time), and the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -12%. Black Tuesday is often cited as the beginning of the Great Depression.
great depression
the economic crisis and period of low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning with the stock-market crash in October, 1929, and continuing through most of the 1930s.
the new deal
The New Deal was a group of U.S. government programs of the 1930s. President Franklin D. Roosevelt started the programs to help the country recover from the economic problems of the Great Depression
fdr
frank dwlano roosevelt
maginot line
zone of heavy defensive fortifications erected by France along its eastern border in the years preceding World War II, but outflanked in 1940 when the German army attacked through Belgium
ramsey mcdonald
was a British statesman who was the first Labour Party Prime Minister, leading Labour governments in 1924, 1929–1931
irish republican army
The Provisional Irish Republican Army was an Irish republican paramilitary organization that sought to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and to bring about an independent republic encompassing all of Ireland.
the easter rising
Easter Rising, also known as the Easter Rebellion, was an armed insurrection in Ireland during Easter Week, April 1916.
the weimar republic
Weimar Republic is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place
mohandas gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world
iilbo womenz war of 1929
Aba Women’s Riots (November-December 1929) The “riots” or the war, led by women in the provinces of Calabar and Owerri in southeastern Nigeria in November and December of 1929, became known as the “Aba Women’s Riots of 1929” in British colonial history, or as the “Women’s War” in Igbo history.
kenya
Kenya is a country in East Africa with coastline on the Indian Ocean. It encompasses savannah, lakelands, the dramatic Great Rift Valley and mountain highlands. It’s also home to wildlife like lions, elephants and rhinos. From Nairobi, the capital, safaris visit the Maasai Mara Reserve, known for its annual wildebeest migrations, and Amboseli National Park, offering views of Tanzania’s 5,895m Mt. Kilimanjaro.
pan africanism
the principle or advocacy of the political union of all the indigenous inhabitants of Africa.
civil disobedience
the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest
indian ntional congres
The Indian National Congress is a broad-based political party in India. Founded in 1885, the Congress led India to independence from Great Britain, and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire. “
mussolini
was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943.
stalin
was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953.
the blck shirts
Black Shirts, colloquial term originally used to refer to the members of the Fasci di combattimento, units of the Fascist organization founded in Italy in Mar., 1919, by Benito Mussolini. A black shirt was the most distinctive part of their uniform. The Black Shirts were mainly discontented ex-soldiers.
corporate state
Corporate statism or state corporatism is a political culture and a form of corporatism whose adherents hold that the corporate group which is the basis of society is the state. The state requires all members of a particular economic sector to join an officially designated interest group.
egypt
Egypt, a country linking northeast Africa with the Middle East, dates to the time of the pharaohs. Millennia-old monuments sit along the fertile Nile River Valley, including Giza’s colossal Pyramids and Great Sphinx as well as Luxor’s hieroglyph-lined Karnak Temple and Valley of the Kings tombs. The capital, Cairo, is home to Ottoman landmarks like Muhammad Ali Mosque and the Egyptian Museum, a trove of antiquities.
adolf hitler
dolf Hitler was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
anglo
Anglo is a prefix indicating a relation to the Angles, England, the English people, or the English language, such as in the term Anglo-Saxon language
egyptian treaty
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Egypt.
five year plan
government plan for economic development over five years. The first such plan in the Soviet Union was inaugurated in 1928.
command economy
an economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government
ghana
Ghana, a nation on West Africa’s Gulf of Guinea, is known for diverse wildlife, old forts and secluded beaches, such as at Busua. Coastal towns Elmina and Cape Coast contain posubans (native shrines), colonial buildings and castles-turned-museums that serve as testimonials to the slave trade.
belgian congo
The Belgian Congo was a Belgian colony in Central Africa between 1908 and 1960 in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Colonial rule in the Congo began in the late 19th century.
facism
an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.
picasso
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso, was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France.
abstract expressionism
Abstract expressionism is a post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s.
nazi party
The National Socialist German Workers’ Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (help. · info), abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party (/ˈnɑːtsi/), was a political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and practised the ideology of Nazism
mass communication
the imparting or exchanging of information on a large scale to a wide range of people.
collective farms
a jointly operated amalgamation of several small farms, especially one owned by the government.
purge
an abrupt or violent removal of a group of people from an organization or place.
authoritanism
the enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom
ss
The Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers’ Party in Nazi Germany.
secret police
a police force working in secret against a government’s political opponents.
spanish civilmwar
The Spanish Civil War, widely known in Spain simply as The Civil War or The War, took place from 1936 to 1939
