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WWI Flashcards

1
Q

Colony

A

A territory that is under the political control of another country and state

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2
Q

Nationalism

A

A set of beliefs that promote the interests and cultural identity of a nation

WWI: the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz by Gavrillo Princip a member of the black hand (a Serbian nationalist group)

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3
Q

Imperialism

A

The policy of one country extending it’s power and control over other countries by taking territory and seizing economic and political control

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4
Q

Militarism

A

Building and maintaing a strong military force for protection in case of conflict

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5
Q

Alliances

A

Countries who help each other out when in need

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6
Q

What two fronts were the war fought on?

A

Western and eastern

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7
Q

Arms race

A

The race that European countries began competing to create the largest and most powerful military forces

Britain: largest navy Russia: largest army Germany: trying to catch up to both

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8
Q

Dreadnought

A

Part of the navel race, created by the British

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9
Q

U-Boat

A

Part of the navel race, created by the Germans

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10
Q

The triple entente

A

Britain, France, Russia

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11
Q

The triple alliance

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

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12
Q

Franz Ferdinand

A

The Austrian Archduke

Killed on June 28th 1914 while visiting Sarajevo

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13
Q

Gavrillo Princip

A

Killed franz Ferdinand

Member of the nationalist/terrorist called “The Black Hand”

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14
Q

The blank cheque

A

A German promise: if Russia attacked Austria-Hungary, Germany would come to their defence. Austria-Hungary wanted to invade Serbia, however feared a Russian retaliation

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15
Q

Ultimatum

A

Sent from Austria-Hungary to Serbians to agree to:

1) allow AH to send an official to Serbia to investigate the murder
2) ban anti Austrian protests
3) allow AH soldiers to enter Serbia to prevent extremist from arousing public sentiment

All terms were agreed to except #3

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16
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A

A military strategy created in 1905 by field Marshal Alfred Von Schlieffen

Designed to avoid a “war on two fronts”

German plan: SPEED+LARGE ARMY+ELEMENT OF SURPRISE=VICTORY!

Attacking through neutral Belgium instead of border

Ratio- 7:1 for every French solider there would be 7 German soldiers

Schlieffen was replaced by general Moltke who changed the ratio from 7:1 to 4:3

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17
Q

What went wrong with the Schlieffen plan?

A

Germans failed to retreat, pushed the French back further in the France, defeated the purpose

When attacking the Germans slowed down:
Met a mons by the British army
Turned too south missing Paris

RESULTED IN:
TRENCH WARFARE
BRITAIN AND ITS EMPIRE ENTER THE WAR

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18
Q

Sam Hughes

A

Approved the Canadian Ross rifle

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19
Q

Ross Rifle vs. the Lee-Enfields

A

Lee-enfields replaced Ross rifle because Ross rifle opwould yet jammed and were too heavy, hard to assemble, and the long barrel made it hard to use in combat

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20
Q

Sir John A. MacDonald

A

The prime minister of the federal dominion of Canada

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21
Q

“Dog-Fight”

A

Combat mission ps in the sky

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22
Q

“Flying-Coffin”

A

Nickname for fighter planes
Veteran had an average life span of three weeks
Rookie pilot would have an average life span of 11 days

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23
Q

Billy Bishop

A

A canadian fighter pilot who proved to be the best in the entire British Empire

Recorded 72 kills and received the victory cross-highest award for bravery

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24
Q

Red Baron

A

Nickname of the German flying ace manfred Von Richthofen
German national hero and the best fighter pilot of WWI
Recorded over 80 combat victories

25
Roy brown
Shot down the "Red baron" in 1918
26
She'll shock
Known as PTSD today Resulted from being in a battle near bombs artillery and guns and death Methods of treatment: Electric shock Silence Talking
27
Trench foot/mouth
Foot: resulted from wet feet because of rainfall, cause soggy foot ( feet would fall off or turn blue or black) Mouth: caused by the build up of bacteria, soldiers would not brush teeth very often, lead to loss of teeth, pain to bleeding
28
Chlorine/Mustard gas
First used in the 2nd battle of ypres
29
Creeping barrage
A strategic plan to surprise attack the Germans by following a bombardment of artillery was very risky but brought them to victory
30
Arthur currie
Canadian General Who led the Canadian troops to victory in battle of vinyl ridge CREATED THE CREEPING BARRAGE
31
John A. MacDonald
Prime minster of the federal dominion of Canada
32
"Shock troops"
The name Canadians were given after the battle of vimy ridge Meant that they were strong
33
No-mans land
Land inbetween the two trenches where no one would fight, artillery would be fired and sometimes created craters
34
Lord Julian Byng
British lieutenant-general Curries superior Let him lead
35
the Lusitania
American boat that was sunk by a German u-boat Killed 128 Americans Brought Americans into the war
36
Total war
All resources of a country are focused on the war Ex. Factories
37
Victory Bonds
Lending money to the government to help support the war Would get money back with interest if they won
38
Income tax
Paying the government a percentage of your pay
39
Conscription
The war measures act Forcing people to go to war French hated it English speaking Canadians supported it
40
Robert Borden
Passed the military voters act, and the wartime election act
41
Wilfred Laureir
Against conscription
42
Military service act
Conscription
43
Military voters act
Male and female members of the armed services have the right to vote. First time in history, women could vote in federal elections
44
War time elections act
Mothers, daughters, eves and sisters of men fighting over seas given the right to vote
45
War measures act
Government had the power to take away the freedoms of citizens and force them into internment camps
46
Propaganda
The systematic effort to shape people's beliefs to achieve specific goal
47
Enemy Aliens
People who had come from "enemy country" that Canada was fighting
48
Tsar Nicholas II (Romanovs)
Ruled Russia for almost 300 years Thought everyone liked him Relationship between people and him got worse People rioted against him
49
Bloody Sunday
Tsar ordered his guards to fire at those protesting peacefully
50
Peasants
Lower class
51
February Revolution
Mass demonstrations and violent clashes between protestors and the imperial guard
52
The Bolsheviks
Communist party in Russia to took control of Russia after the fall of the Romanov dynasty
53
Soviet Union
From 1917a1991 Russia is called the Soviet Union
54
Treaty of Brest-Livstock
Officially ends the war between Germany and Russia
55
Armistice
officially marked the end of actual fighting but NOT the war truce is reached between Germany and the allied powers (11th hour, 11th day, 11th month)
56
Paris Peace Conference
Meeting in Paris in 1919 to negotiate terms and conditions that would be imposed on Germany/Austria-Hungary and officially ends the war CANADA WAS GIVEN THEIR OWN INDEPENDENT SEAR AT THE PARIS PEACE TALKS
57
"Big Four"
Britain, France, U.S., Italy (NO RUSSIA, THEY WERE SALTY AF) Britain: wanted to look out for the British USA: wanted to be fair and moderate to the Germans France: wanted to impose harsh conditions
58
Treaty of Versailles
``` OFFICIALLY ENDS WWI Terms: Loss of territory Loss of military War reparations War guilt cause ``` CANADA SIGNS THE TREATY INDEPENDENTLY THEY DO NOT SIGN AS A PART OF BRITAIN These terms were used against them in WWII

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