WWI Flashcards
What are the 4 main causes of WWI
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
What is militarism
When a nation believes the only way to guarantee peace is by building the largest army and navy that no country would dare attack
What is alliances
When countries join together against a common enemy
What is imperialism
When European nations compete for the largest colonies around the world
What is nationalism
When a country has a deep sense of loyalty to one’s people and homeland
When was Frank Ferdinand assassin
June 28th 1914
What are trenches
Long thin holes in the ground that protect soldiers from gunfire
What’s the origin of trenches
Germans built a small network of trenches after their defeat at the Marne in France
What is race to the sea
When neither side could successfully attack the trenches, both sides decided to try and outflank their enemy. They both raced north believing that the first to reach the coastline would have a better advantage. They both raced north at the same time which resulted in the small trench system being stretched out and cut a line through all of France
What is no man’s land
A space between enemy trenches that was certain death
What is over the top
The order over the top forced men to get about of their trenches, travel in the open across no man’s land and attempt to capture an enemies trench. This accomplished nothing
Battle of the Ypres
April 22nd - May 25th 1914, Ypres Belgium, 4,500 wounded and 2,000 dead, Canadas first battle and the first time poisonous was used in the western front
Battle of the Somme
Began July 1st 1915, Somme France, 60,000 casualties (Britain) on the first day and 24,000 Canadian over all, the bloodiest battle and the first time tanks were used on the western front
Battle of Vimy Ridge
April 10th - 12th 1917, Vimy Ridge France, 3,600 dead and 7,000 wounded, seen as Canadas birth of a nation
Battle of Passchendaele
July 31st - November 10th 1917, Passchendaele Belgium, 4,000 wounded and 12,000 dead, shows the pointlessness of war
What are the 7 tricks of propaganda
Name calling, card stacking, bandwagon, testimonial, plain folk, transfer, and glittering generality
How was name calling used in propaganda
Created fear by using bad names to create unfavourable opinions against a group, beliefs, ideas, or institutions
How was card stacking used in propaganda
Made the best case possible for the authors side and the worst case for the opposing side by using facts that support the authors side of the argument
How was bandwagon used in propaganda
Persuaded the auditors follow the crowd
How was testimonial used in propaganda
Associating a respected person or someone with experience to endorse a product or cause by giving it their stamp of approval
How was plain folk used in propaganda
Convinced the audience that the spokesperson is from a humble origin and has their best interest at heart
How was transfer used in propaganda
Carrying over the authority and approval of something we respect and revere to something the propagandist would have us respect
How was glittering generality used in propaganda
Used vague, sweeping statements and using language associated with values and beliefs deeply held by the audience
What was women’s life like before the war
It was very traditional society, limited job opportunities and was fired once they got married, weren’t allowed to vote and legally the property of their fathers then husbands
What are suffragettes
A group of women who would protest against the right to vote by attacking property, arson, and propaganda
What are suffragists
A group of women who would protest against the right to vote by change through laws and lobbying techniques
What did anti-suffragists believe
It would just double the votes, it would end marriage and the human race
Where did women serve
At home, in factories, in banks, and overseas
What would women do at home
Fundraiser for the Red Cross, organize first aid supplies, knit warm clothes, assemble comfort boxes, ration, buy victory bonds, contribute to the white feather campaign, farm
What is rationing
Having only a specific number of food you could get each week so the rest could go to soldiers fighting in the war
What is victory bonds
Sold to Canadian citizens to help raise funds for the war
Women in factories
11,000 women worked in factories to replace men, they got paid less then male employees and they were seen less as then middle class women. Black, Asian, and indigenous women weren’t allowed to work in the factories and they worked long hours in dangerous conditions
What did women do in banks
Stenographers, telephone switchboard operators, tellers, and desk duties. They were not allowed to be accountants or managers
What did women do overseas
3000+ women enlisted as nursing sisters and 2,504 women served overseas. They also worked as ambulance drivers
When was the provincial elections
January 1916: Manitoba
March 1916: Saskatchewan
April 1916: Alberta
April 1917: BC
April 1917: Ontario
What is the wartime elections act 1917
Women who were relatives of Canadian soldiers serving overseas were allowed to vote
What is the military voters act 1917
British women serving in the army were allowed to vote
What is the act to confer the electoral franchise upon women 1918
Equal voting for women
When was the Halifax explosion
December 6th, 1917 at 9:04
How did the Halifax explosion happen
The Mont-Blanc (which was carrying 3000 tonnes of explosives) collided with the IMO (which was carrying grain and other food supply). The IMO tried to reverse engines which caused sparks inside the Mont-Blancs hull and ignited gasses which caused an uncontrollable fire on the Mont-blanc decks. The Mont-Blanc then exploded
What were the effects of the Halifax explosion
400 acres was completely destroyed by the explosion, a tsunami had formed, 1,500 people were instantly killed and 9,000 people were injured. Over 12,000 buildings were destroyed and hundreds of people who were watching from their homes had been blinded when the blast wave shattered the windows in front of them
What is war measures act (enemy aliens)
In August 1914 the war measures act was enacted by the government which required the registration and the internment of aliens of enemy nationality. This included the more than 80,000 Canadians who were formally citizens of Austria-Hungary empire.
What are concentration camps
24 concentration camps established around Canada to be used to house enemy alien immigrants who had broken regulations or who were deemed to be security threats
What were the effects of concentration camps
Any and all money and property were taken by the government, denied access to newspaper and their letters were censored, 8,579 Canadians were interned between 1914-1920, 170 internees died and they were forced to work on maintaining the camps, road building, railway construction, and mining
What is conscription
A plan created by the government to force citizens to join the arms force. Men 18-45 must enlist
Why was conscription necessary
Volunteers were dropping in numbers on e the horror stories of the trenchware made their way home
Reasons to support conscription
It would help out allies in the war, it would allow soldiers that had been fighting for a long time to return home, it would force French Canadian men to play a role in the war, and it would ensure that Canada would keep the strong reputation they had gained by fighting in the war
Reasons against conscription
French Canadians did not see themselves as part of France or Britain empire so they didn’t want to fight for the British empire, farmers had to produce food to send to Europe for the war efforts, and pacifist who were in favour of peace didn’t want to be forced to fight in a war because they felt violence wasn’t the solution to the problem
