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S2 History > WW2 > Flashcards

WW2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Treaty of Versailles?

A

The treat of Versailles was the treaty that brought ww1 to an end in 1919.

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2
Q

What happened in March 1936?

A

In March 1936, German troops marched into the Rhineland, breaking the treaty of Versailles

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3
Q

What happened in March 1938?

A

In March 1938, Austria united with Germany, breaking the treaty of Versailles.

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4
Q

What happened in October 1938?

A

In Oct 1938 Germany was allowed to occupy the Sudetenland

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5
Q

What happened in March 1939

A

Germany seized the rest of Czechoslovakia

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6
Q

What happened in august 1939

A

Germany and the Soviet Union secretly agreed to invade Poland together. They made the Nazi-Soviet Pact - an agreement to not fight each other and split Poland between them

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7
Q

What happened in September 1939

A

Germany invaded Poland, initiating WW2 in Europe. German forces broke through polish defences along the border and quickly advanced on Warsaw, the polish capital.

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8
Q

What was the Munich agreement?

A

The Munich agreement was when Chamberlain, Daladier for France, Hitler and Mussolini all met in Munich in September 1939 and decided that the Sudetenland should be handed over to Nazi Germany.

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9
Q

What was the Nazi Soviet pact?

A

The Nazi Soviet pact was an agreement between Hitler and Stalin to not fight one another. In secret, they agreed to invade Poland and the share out Poland between them.

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10
Q

When did Germany invade Poland?

A

Germany invaded Poland on the 1st of September 1939.

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11
Q

What does Blitzkrieg mean?

A

Blitzkrieg means “lightning war”

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12
Q

What was the Maginot Line?

A

The Maginot Line was an array of defences built by France along its border with Germany in the 1930’s, was designed prevent an invasion.

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13
Q

How was Germany able to overcome the Maginot Line defences?

A

The French High Command was sure that their expensive line of underground forts would protect France from a german attack. It probably would have done, if the Germans had decided to attack the line - but they didn’t. The Maginot Line only protected France along its border with Germany. Hitler decided to attack at Sedan along France’s border with Belgium.

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14
Q

What was the period between September 1939 to April 1940 called and why?

A

It was called the ‘phoney war’ because there wasn’t much fighting during these months.

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15
Q

When did the phoney war come to an end?

A

The phoney was came to a dramatic end in April 1940 when Germany invaded and occupied Norway.

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16
Q

When did Britain and France declare war with Germany?

A

3 September 1939

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17
Q

When did the Russians invade Poland?

A

17 September 1939

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18
Q

When did Germany invade France

A

Germany invaded France on the 10th of May 1940.

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19
Q

What was a key factor in Germany’s success?

A

A key factor was surprise

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20
Q

How many British and French troops managed to escape from Dunkirk?

A

In the event, over 225 000 British, and 110 000 French troops managed to escape from Dunkirk by ship.

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21
Q

What did Germany have to before they could invade Britain and how?

A

The Germans had to take control of the skies and to do this they had to destroy the RAF.

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22
Q

What was the Battle of Britain?

A

The Battle of Britain from July - September 1940 was fought between the RAF and the Luftwaffe to see who would gain control of the skies which would ultimately decide whether an invasion would take place or not in Britain.

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23
Q

Who was commanding the RAF during the Battle of Britain?

A

Air Chief Marshall Dowding

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24
Q

Who was the commander of the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain?

A

Goering

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25
Q

What was goerings strategy?

A

Goering concentrated on a target he knew Dowding would have to defend; fighter airfields. By doing this, he was sure he could destroy the RAF’s few remaining fighter planes. The German raids did not destroy many planes but they did prove to be destructive, as the damage to runways meant planes couldn’t take off from them.

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26
Q

What was the crucial problem the RAF had because of the raids?

A

It was replacing pilots that was hard.

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27
Q

What was the most serious error made by Goering?

A

The most serious error made by Goering was his failure to attack radar stations with any real force.

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28
Q

What was radar used for?

A

Radar provided early warning of German raids and gave RAF fighter command time to get its aircraft up to their effective, operational height.

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29
Q

When was the turning point of the Battle of Britain

A

7 September 1940

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30
Q

What caused Hitler to change his tactics and what was his change tactics in the Battle of Britain?

A

He was outraged by a bombing raid on Berlin in late August. He told Goering to bomb London and other major cities in an effort to terrorise Britain into surrender.

31
Q

What was operation ‘Sea Lion’?

A

Operation sea lion was the code name for the plan for the invasion of Britain

32
Q

What were the losses during the entire Battle of Britain?

A

The RAF lost about 800 fighters while the Luftwaffe losses were about 1300 aircraft destroyed.

33
Q

What were the key features which helped the RAF defeat Germany in the Battle of Britain?

A

The RAF was able to defeat Germany mostly because of the foolish change of tactics on the 7th September. The spitfire also helped and so did radar.

34
Q

What was Operation Barbarossa and what did Hitler assemble for it

A

Operation Barbarossa was the German code name for the attack on Russia. Hitler assembled three million troops, 3500 tanks and 2700 aircraft for the attack.

35
Q

When did Hitler invade the Soviet Union?

A

Hitler invaded the Soviet Union on the 22nd of June 1941.

36
Q

Why did Hitler want to invade Russia?

A

The reasons for the invasion were a mix of the military and the political.

Hitler needed Russia’s plentiful raw materials to support his army and population. There was oil in Caucasus and wheat in the Ukraine.

The Russians, he believed, were an ‘inferior’ Slav race which would offer no resistance to racially ‘superior’ Germans

Russia’s fertile plains could provide even more living space than Poland.

Russia was also the heart of the worlds communism and Hitler detested communists.

37
Q

What three principal targets did Hitler have within the Soviet Union?

A

Army group North (AGN) was ordered to capture Leningrad, an important armaments industry centre; Army group Centre (AGC) headed for the capital, Moscow; Army group South (AGS) headed for the Ukraine.

38
Q

When did Germany surrender in operation Barbarossa

A

They surrendered on the 30th January 1943.

39
Q

What did Hitler code name the biggest battle of the entire war?

A

He code named it “operation Citadel”

40
Q

How long did the battle of Kursk last for?

A

It lasted from the 5 - 16 July 1943

41
Q

Why did operation Barbarossa fail

A

Operation Barbarossa failed because Germany used weak military forces, had poor logistics and planning, and failed to win the Battle of Stalingrad, which is one of the main battles in Operation Barbarossa. Besides transportation problem caused by the winter, German’s army were also affected by the winter.

42
Q

What is tactical bombing?

A

Tactical bombing is to bomb the enemy’s military sites including the navy or the army.

43
Q

What is strategic bombing?

A

Strategic bombing is to bombing an enemy’s factories and cities.

44
Q

What are some pros of strategic bombing?

A

It forced Germans to use valuable military resources (such as fighter planes) and men in defending their cities.

One-third of all artillery pieces were used as anti-aircraft guns.

RAF bombing campaign over German cities devastated German industry.

45
Q

What are the cons of strategic bombing in Germany?

A 
Some cons are:
 One raid killed 40 000 Germans 
750 Germans killed altogether
Only 25% of bombs fell within 8 kms of target
60 000 Britons killed by German raids
46
Q

When was D-Day?

A

D-Day was on the 6 June 1944

47
Q

Where did the Allies attack German Occupied france from?

A

Normandy Beaches

48
Q

Where did the Germans expect an attack from the allies?

A

They expected an attack across the shortest sea route to Calais.

49
Q

What were Dover pretend camps and what did they do?

A

Dover pretend camps were fake camps set up in South-East England, opposite the Calais area. They were used to trick the Germans into thinking that the allies were going to attack from there so they would concentrate their forces into defending that area.

50
Q

What were the fake tanks made out of in the Dover pretend camps?

A

They were made out of rubber and landing craft of wood.

51
Q

Where was the real invasion area on D-Day?

A

The real invasion area was the west of Portsmouth.

52
Q

What were Mulberries?

A

Mulberries were artificial harbours which could be towed across the channel onto which tanks, trucks and supplies could be unloaded.

53
Q

When did Hitler shoot himself?

A

Hitler shot himself on the 30th of April

54
Q

When did Germany surrender?

A

Germany surrendered on the 8th May

55
Q

What did DD Sherman Amphibious tanks do?

A

They were tanks that turned into boats which can float to shore. It’s covered by a shower curtain.
When it reaches the shore the shower curtain falls off to look like a normal tank.

56
Q

What did Sherman Crabs/flails do?

A

They were tanks which has long metal chains on the barrel at the front which could rip through barbed wire.

57
Q

What did Bobbins do

A

Bobbins could lay its own road
Once it reaches the shore it drops the bobbin
Used on soft sand or blue clay

58
Q

What were the small Box Girder Bridges?

A

They carried a bridge with it and dropped the bridge against the sea wall, goes back and drives forward onto it.

59
Q

What’s a fascine?

A

It drives up and goes forward and would go to the anti-tank ditch, drop its fascine and moves over it.
A fascine is put in a ditch so tanks can get over it to the other side without falling in the hole.

60
Q

What is a pertard mortar?

A

Demolition gun which can take on enemy billboxes which are carried by tanks.

61
Q

When did Japan attack the USA?

A

Two waves of Japanese aircraft pounded the US Pacific Fleet of 70 ships in its harbour on Sunday morning, 7 December 1941.

62
Q

What vital raw materials would Japan need to control to dominate South East Asia?

A

Oil, rubber, iron ore and rice.

63
Q

What did the American intelligence assume the target would be when Japan attacked?

A

They assumed the target would be the Philippines and not Pearl Harbor.

64
Q

Why did the Japanese choose a Sunday morning to attack Pearl Harbor?

A

They new many of the American servicemen would have been out on the town the night before.

65
Q

What were the losses of the Pearl Harbor attack?

A

Six battleships were sunk plus ten other ships and 164 planes were destroyed.
2400 servicemen and civilians died.

66
Q

Was Pearl harbour a success or failure for The Japanese?

A

It was not a success because damage was r as devastating as they thought it would be.

67
Q

What does nationalistic mean?

A

Being very proud of your country, to the point where you regard other countries as inferior.

68
Q

What does militaristic mean?

A

A culture that glorifies warfare and encourages its people to join the military

69
Q

What does self-sufficient mean?

A

Self sufficient means being able to supply all the requirements for a nation such as food, energy and raw materials for manufacturing.

70
Q

What do atrocities mean?

A

Atrocities are extremely cruel and wicked acts of violence against people.

71
Q

What is a genocide?

A

A genocide is a deliberate effort to destroy a group of people who share something in common such as their race or their religion.

72
Q

What is a fleet?

A

A fleet is a collection of navy ships, including battleships, destroyers and aircraft carriers.

73
Q

What is appeasement?

A

Appeasement is the term used to describe the foreign policies of the conservative governments of Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain. Appeasement involved making concessions to Hitler, the dictator of Germany, to peacefully settle German complaints regarding the complaints of the terms of the treaty of Versailles

S2 History (1 decks)

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