WW12 Lesson 4 (Fifi)

Question 1

approbation

Answer 1

(n)

An expression of approval; praise.

• The company’s flexible-hours policy won the employees’ _approbation_.

賛成・賞賛

Question 2

benighted

Answer 2

(adj)

Existing in a state of moral, cultural, or intellectual darkness; unenlightened.

• To insist that males and females perform only stereotypical, gender-based roles is _benighted_.

未開の・（文明などが）進んでいない

Question 3

bourgeois

Answer 3

(n)

The middle class or a member of the middle class.

Madame Loisel in Guy de Maupassant’s “The Necklace” is miserable in her status as a member of the _bourgeois_.

(adj)

1. Very concerned with middle-class values, such as respectability and material well being, with an inclination toward mediocrity.
   * Was it really imperative to wear a suit to this event, Sam wondered, or was it just one more _bourgeois_ demand for which he had no patience?
2. Reflecting mediocrity.
   * Sam considered his neighbor’s taste in home decorating to be _bourgeois_.

ブルジョア・中産階級

Question 4

credo

Answer 4

(n)

A strongly held belief; a guide to one’s action.

• The _credo_ of the Three Musketeers was “All for one, and one for all.”

信条

Question 5

empirical

Answer 5

(adj)

Based on experience or observation as opposed to theory; capable of being confirmed by observation.

• Modern science began with insistence upon _empirical_ data as opposed to unsubstantiated ideas of philosophers of the ancient world.

経験・実験を元にしている

Question 6

eschew

Answer 6

(v)

To stay away from; to shun, especially on practical or moral grounds.

• Not a strict vegetarian, Rebekah _eschews_ meat, although she will eat a few kinds of fish.

意図的に避ける

Question 7

expatiate

Answer 7

(v)

To speak or write about in great detail; to elaborate, usually used with on or upon.

• The senator _expatiated_ upon the need to preserve our dwindling wetlands.

詳しく話す

Question 8

iconoclast

Answer 8

(n)

One who attacks established beliefs, customs, or institutions.

• _Iconoclast_ Betty Friedan rejected the notion that “biology is destiny” in her 1963 revolutionary work The Feminine Mystique.

確立された文化やアイディアを壊そうとする人

Question 9

indigence

Answer 9

(n)

An extreme level of poverty.

• Many families reduced to _indigence_ by the Great Depression of the 1930s traveled to California looking for work.

(adj)

Without means of support.

貧困

Question 10

laudable

Answer 10

(adj)

Praiseworthy.

• The parents’ efforts to save the publicity funded nursery school from being closed were _laudable_ but marked by conflicts from the start.

褒めるに値する

Question 11

mandate

Answer 11

(n)

A clear command or instruction.

• After years of battle with the French, in the 1960s the Muslim majority’s vote in Algeria _mandated_ its independence.

(v)

To require an order.

• The Constitution _mandates_ the right of an accused to a fair trial.

命令

Question 12

ostensible

Answer 12

(adj)

Only seemingly so; apparent.

• His _ostensible_ reason for stopping at the cafe was to socialize, but he was really trailing someone in his role as a private detective.

表面上・うわべだけの

Question 13

recalcitrant

Answer 13

(adj)

Unwilling to accept another’s authority; stubbornly defiant.

• In spite of Nicole’s efforts to bring the _recalcitrant_ horse into the trailer, it continued to pull back as soon as they reached the ramp.

頑固で手に負えない

Question 14

regurgitate

Answer 14

(v)

1. To expel (partially digested food) from the stomach.
   * Some birds feed their young by _regurgitating_ food into their offsprings’ beaks.
2. To repeat mindlessly what one has learned.
   * Students need to develop critical thinking skills rather than merely _regurgitate_ what they hear in a lecture.

吐き戻す・そのままリピートする

Question 15

risible

Answer 15

(adj)

Provoking or causing laughter.

• The actor declaimed King Lear’s speeches in so pompous a manner that the effect was _risible_ rather than moving.

笑いを引き起こす