ww1 trench warfare year9 Flashcards
how were the trenches designed
they used a zigzag formation so it would be harder to attack, run through and use ammunition against
What were duck boards used for
Prevent slip hazards and used for stability
What were sandbags used for
To support the trench and taking water
What were the dugouts used for
Places to sleep for protection and also officer accommodation
What were the fire steps used for
Rest, ledge to fire at enemy/ accessibility
What were fortifications used for
To build upon the trench e.g. metal and wooden boards
What’s was the parapet Used for
It was the top of the trench into the open
When was the first battle of Ypres
October to November 1914
When was the second battle of Ypres
April to May 1915
When was the battle of the Somme
July to November 1916
When was the battle of verdun
February to December 1916
When was the battle of arras
April to May 1917
What was the first stage of the evacuation route
Stretcher bearers: recover the dead and wounded often under fire had to Deal with mud shell craters uncrowded twisted trenches. They had carried a basic medical supplies (bandages and morphine for pain relief) only 16 bearers per battalion of up to 1000 soldiers( 4 men to carry a stretcher)
What was the second stage of the evacuation routes
Regimental aid posts: very close to the front line sometimes in the firing trench they were moved forward when casualties are expected in an attack. Dugouts in trenches ruins buildings or behind a wall. They were to distinguish between the lightly wounded and those needing more medical attention. The lightly wounded will give him bandages I’ll give him pain relief and sent back into action the rest resent to the dressing stations
What was the third stage of The evacuation route
Field ambulances and dressing stations: wasn’t a vehicle but a large mobile medical unit with medical offices. Set up dressing stations in tents or derelict buildings to receive the wounded sent from RAP. The triage contains of three categories couldn’t be treated left to die, needs medical attention, and going to survive
What was the fourth stage of the evacuation route
Casualty clearing station:  x-rays are a new invention, large, well equipped medical facility the wounded would see series tents or huts. Performed more operations in the hospitals including many amputations, they contained operating theater’s mobile x-ray machines walls with beds
What is the fifth stage of the evacuation routine
Base hospitals: they were buildings near railways so patients could be moved quickly they could take as many as 2500 patients - they contain operating theater‘s laboratory, for identify infections, X-ray departments and also had special centers for victims of gas poisoning. From here Patience was sent back to England and they were going to survive
What were the terrain issues
Collecting in the wounded from Nomansland was dangerous and they were often under fire night. No man’s land and trenches could be deep in mud making movement difficult. Shell craters many meters across and filled with water may transporting hazardous. Trenches could be clogged with equipment and men moving in all directions carrying stretches which had to be maneuvered around corners was hard work. The number of wounded could be immense slowing everyone down
What is trench fever or pyrexia
Symptoms: Eye pain headache rash joint pain shivering
Caused: Lie spouting you on spreading on the disease
Get read: disinfecting clothing to remove lice, Louse repellent and other chemicals from Bath housing
What is trench foot
Soldiers feet being in Wausau the trenches wet conditions a prolonged periods of time. In tight boots numb swollen blistered and gangrene often setting. The restriction of blood flow cause that flesh and body tissue. It could be treated by amputation extra pair of socks high rubber waders mechanical pumps to reduce water Brazas for heating well oil and powder
What does NYd.n mean
Not yet diagnosed nervous
What does PTSD mean
Post traumatic stress disorder
What did the army think of PTSD
They thought it was a sign of weakness coward Ness instead of a serious condition it was a psychological reaction to danger
