WW1 test Flashcards
How did nationalism help cause WWI?
Different nations thought they were the best and they tried to assert their dominance and power over each other
How did imperialism help cause WWI?
European nations ruled smaller countries, so they all competed and fought with each other to get more
How did the alliance system help cause WWI?
Alliances that nations created would pull more countries into war
How did militarism help cause WWI?
Competition between countries- 1 nation increases their military, another counters by doing the same
How did the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand help cause WWI?
- was heir to Austria-Hungarian throne
- Austria-Hungary was now against Serbia
Who were the allies in WWI?
Britain, France, Russia (Japan, Italy, Belgium)
Who were the central powers in WWI?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Trench Warfare (definition and weapons)
- Trenches dug into the ground that held soldiers and where they fought
- Tanks, Airplanes
Events (in order) leading to US involvement in WWI
1) Britain preventing trade with Germany
2) German war zone around Britain
3) British Liner Lusitania sunk
4) Sussex torpedoed
5) Zimmerman Telegram
6) Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
British Blockade
- North Sea
- Caused famine in Germany
- Caused American trade w/ central powers to cease
German War Zone
- German response to British Blockade
- U-boats would sink any British or Allied ship in the waters around Britain
- Wilson protests
British Liner Lusitania
- Sunk by German U-boat
- 1,198 people died (128 Americans)
- American public turns against Germany
- President Wilson protests, Germany continues to sink ships
Sussex torpedoed
- Unarmed French passenger steamer
- 80 passengers, including Americans, are killed
- US threatens to break off diplomatic relations
Sussex Pledge
Germany wouldn’t sink any passenger ships and would only sink merchant ships with warning
Zimmerman Telegram
Proposes alliance of Germany, Mexico against US
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
- Germany asks US to get Britain to end food blockade
- Kaiser announces U-boats will sink all ships in British waters
- Four unarmed American merchant ships sunk
Convoy Systems
-Escorts merchant ships across the ocean
Selective Service Act
Required men to to register for military service
American Expeditionary Force
US forces, led by General John Pershing, who fought with the allies in Europe
General John J. Pershing
-Led the AEF
Alvin York
- One of America’s greatest war heroes
- Was a conscientious objector
- Killed 25 Germans and captured 132 prisoners
War Industries Board
- encouraged companies to use mass production techniques and to standardize products
- set production quotas
- allocated raw materials
- increase industrial production by 20%
- caused retail prices and corporate profits to soar
Bernard Baruch
Able to use the WIB to regulate the economy that allowed the US military to get the supplies it need
War bonds/Liberty loans
government issued savings bonds used to finance the war
Propaganda
biased communication designed to influence peoples thoughts and actions (Committee on Public Relations)
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
- mobilized nations artists and advertising people to popularize the war
- recruited 75,000 4-minute men to deliver pro-war speeches
- increased support for the war
George Creel
- Led the CPI
- emphasized positive news in the war (patriotic posters, pamphlets, and movies)
Espionage and Sedition Act
Esp: Crime to spy against, sabotage US, refuse military service or obstruct military recruitment
Sed: prohibited any communication intended to cause contempt to government
Great Migration
Large-scale movement of African Americans from the south to Northern cities in the early 20th century
Schenck vs. US
- schenck sold anti-war pamphlets
- arrested for violating the Espionage act
- convicted in district court
The Big Four
Wilson. Clemenceau, Lloyd George, Orlando
-Worked out the treaties details for peace
14 points
- No secret treaties
- Freedom of the Seas maintained for all
- Tariffs/economic barriers lowered in order to foster free trade
- Arms reduced
- Colonial policies consider the interests of the colonial peoples as well as the interests of imperialist powers
6-13. Boundary changes - Called for league of nations
League of Nations
Association of nations established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace
Treaty Versailles
ended ww1, establishednew nations, borders and war reparations
reparations
compensation paid by a defeated nation for the damage or injury it inflicted during the war
War guilt clause
provision in the treaty of versailles by which Germany acknowledged that it alone was repsonsible for WW1
Henry Cabot Lodge
- Suspicious of provision for joint action against aggression
- Wanted the constitutional right to declare war included in the treaty
provisions of the treaty of versailles
- Land taken from Germany
- Army reduced
- Germany admits full responsibility
- Germany pays reparations
- League of Nations set up
why did the senate reject the treaty of versailles?
- thought it would draw the us into more wars in Europe
effect of the treaty on Germany
- Admits guilt for war
- demilitarize
- $33b in war reparations
- return of Alsace-Lorraine to France
Weaknesses of the treaty of versailles
- humiliated Germany
- stripped germ. of colonies to needed to pay reparations
- Germany couldn’t pay reparations
- Russia lost more territory that Germany
- Ignored claims of colonized people for self-determination
