WW1 Revision Flashcards
Who was assassinated and what was the panic that spread after called?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the July crisis
What did the July Crisis involve
A month long period of ultimatums and diplomatic communication between the major European Powers
When and why did the Austro-Hungarian government declare war on Serbia
the archduke was the heir to the Austrian throne, and when he was murdered by Serbian nationalist-terrorist Gavrilo Princip, Austria-Hungary made an ultimatum with Serbia which they did not agree to, and Austria-Hungary used this to declare war on Serbia on the 28 July 1914.
When did ww1 start and end
28 July 1914 - 11 November 1918
What three countries made up the Triple Entente
Britain, France, Russia - replaced by the US in 1917
What was the Triple Entente also known as
the allied powers
When did Australia’s involvement in the war begin
4 August 1914
What countries made up the Triple alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy - replaced by the ottoman empire in 1915
Why did Italy leave the Triple Alliance and join the Triple Entente?
Because the Triple Entente - Britain, France and Russia - promised them they could expand their territory and enlarge their colonies.
What were three weapons introduced during WW1
Drip rifle, hand grenade and mustard gas
What is conscription?
Compulsary elistment for state services.
When did Australia attempt to introduce conscription and was it successful?
1916, 1917. No.
What prime minister was pro conscription?
Billy Hughes.
When was the Armistice to end WW1 signed.
11 November 1918
What types of propaganda were used during WW1 and why.
Propaganda enlistment posters, propaganda posters against Germans and political speeches. Propaganda was used to build hatred against the enemy, shake public opinion and to encourage enlistment to gain soldiers.
When did the Gallipoli Campaign start and end? How long did it last approximately.
April 25 1915 - 9 January 1916. Lasted approximately 8 months
During the Gallipoli campaign, who suffered significant casualties and roughly how many deaths?
The ANZAC’s suffered significant casualties, with an estimated amount of 8,709 deaths.
What were the aims and objectives of the Gallipoli Campaign?
To break the stalemate that had occurred on the western front. They wanted to relieve Turkish pressure on Russia, who had lost their supply route through the Dardanelles and were threatening to surrender due to this. If they did so, Germany was going to be able to transfer their troops from the Eastern front to the Western front and defeat the Allies.
What were the initial goals of the Gallipoli campaign?
- force turkey out of the War
- reopen the supply route to Russia
- open another front from which to attack Germany’s other ally, Austria-Hungary
- move on to defeat Germany on the western front
Reasons why the campaign failed - 1
It was poorly planned from the beginning. The allied leaders missed opportunities and underestimated the Turk’s military capabilities and determination. A failed naval bombardment six weeks before the ANZAC’s had arrived warned the turks of the likelihood of the attack. This gave them time to prepare their defences; they set out land mines, built trenches and established high ground around both sides of the Gallipoli Peninsula and further inland. They were even using old tourist guide books for intelligence.
Reasons why the campaign failed - 2
The officers made some very bad decisions. The British would not send their best officers and ships because they wanted to keep them on the Western Front. At 4:30 am the ANZAC’s landed 2km off of their intended destination, being met with unrelenting barrage of Turkish machine gunfire and having to scramble up steep terrain. Soldiers were told to stay on beaches when they could have easily moved inland and officers told them to abandon offensive and dig in. This led to the soldiers not acheiving their first day goals and advancing only about 900 metres at the cost of 2000 casualties with 621 deaths.
Reasons why the campaign failed - 3
The climate was inhospitable and many soldiers died of heat and disease. By mid-year, the weather had become hot and there were plagues of disease carrying flies and fleas. By October, soldiers were beginning to experience bitter cold, mud and ice. Troops that had arrived in peak physical condition soon suffered dysentery, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis and infestations of lice. It was virtually impossible to stay clean. Toilets were open pits called latrines and corpses lay rotting in no mans land, to unsafe to retrieve for burial.
Reasons why the campaign failed list
- poorly planned
- bad decisions
- climate and diseases
- they used trench warfare
- there were disagreements between the army and navy commanders.
Reasons why the campaign failed - 4
the allied still used trench warfare, even though this had caused the stalemate on the western front. the Anzacs were under constant threat with hand grenades, sniper fire, mortar bombs and shell blasts. The casualty rate was 23 percent.
