WW1 + Galipolli Flashcards
Start of WW1?
28th July 1914
End of WW1?
11th November 1918
Who is Billy Hughes?
- Billy Hughes led Australia through most of the war.
- He supported the British Empire but also stood up for Australian interests
- Had the choice to introduce conscription like the other countries but decided not to as Australia as a nation votes ‘No’.
- 1913 to 1923
Reasons for AUSTRALIA participating in WW1?
- Australia wanted to prove themselves as a nation
- They were loyal to the ‘mother country’ and wanted to fight for Britain.
- Australians were concerned they may need help in the future.
Reasons for AUSTRALIAN MEN participating in WW1?
- Many men were lured by a sense of Adventure, many had never gone overseas before and it would be the perfect opportunity to meet new people.
- A way for Australian men to get away from families and any responsibilities they had.
- Provide an income for their families if they are struggling financially.
Where did ANZACS fight overseas?
- Gallipoli
- Western Europe (SUCH AS BATTLE OF SOMME)
When did Galliopli Start
25th April 1915.
When did Gallipoli end?
20th December 1915
Battle of Somme. Where did it take place? How long did it last? Which countries were involved?
- It took place along the Western Front of World War 1, near the Somme River in France between the 1st of July to the 18th of November 1916.
- The battle was fought between the Allies (Britain and France) on one side and the German Empire on the other.
How was the battle of Somme fought? What was the result?
The British soldiers came out of their trenches and moved towards the Germans like, the Germans knew they would attack so they were ready to shoot back. Eg, Stalemate.
The battle was good as it diverted German resources from the attack on Verdun, however, it is also considered as a failure as many men were killed or wounded.
How many shells were fired from the 24th of June to the 1st of July 1916? (Evidence for Extended Response)
1,700,00
Australian Government Response to the War - The War Precautions Act 1914
- The purpose of the act was to grant the Australian government extensive powers to deal with matters related to national security during the war. made sure nothing was going in or out of Australia that could benefit the opposition.
- In this act, the government had control over the media (censor news), and intern ‘enemy aliens’ that were considered to be a threat to national security, and the economy.
Purpose of National Security?
to stop the enemy alien from hearing information that it could use against the Allies, or, benefit the opposition. It was also used to keep up the morale of troops, downplaying the harsh realities of war through propaganda.
War Precautions Act - When was it introduced? Who introduced it? Why was it introduced?
- August 5th 1914, by current PM, by Joseph Cook and Andrew Fisher. It gave the Australian government the power and control over the war, including the control of national security and to introduction of restrictions on enemy aliens.
- ensure the security and stability of the country during the war.
What impact did precautions have on the Australian homefront? Eg, Consequences for different groups
Impact on German Australians/Enemy Aliens:
- Had their rights restricted, and was monitored very carefully by the Australian government. They would be levied a direct tax income, censor letters and publications, and set a fixed price on goods only for ‘non-Australians’.
Impact on Australian Women:
- Australian women had to take on the duties of a man, working in previously male-dominated roles such as workfactors such as munition factories.
Australian Government Response to the War - The Conscription Referendums 1916/1917
In 1916, Prime Minister Billy Hughes proposed conscription in response to the increasing casualties on the Western Front. However, the proposal was narrowly defeated in a national referendum on October 28, 1916.
- Put the decision to a plebiscite for AUstralians, which resulted in them voting No twice.
Australian Government Response to the War - Treatment of different groups including Australian women, non-British migrants esp. Germans and Austrio-Hungarians
Women:
- Women were expected to take on the roles of men in the workplace for the time they would be gone. The women felt obliged to take on the tradiitonal roles of men like working in mutition factories.
Non British Migrants:
- German and austrian-hungary people face discrimination and suspicion die to the prevailing anti-german sentiment. Many faced internment and careful monitoring and control indicudals with ties to enemy nations.
Define Military conscription
Why did Billy Hughes want to introduce military conscription for overseas service during WW1?
Arguments to support conscription
Arguments against conscription
Outcomes of the 1916 and 1917 Conscription Referendums
