WW1 Exam Review Flashcards
Entente
Agreement to defend but not attack with your ally.
Annex
To take over something that isn’t yours.
Militarism
The glorification of armed strength.
Sarvajevo
The capital of Austrian province of Bosnia. Where Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated.
Franz Ferdinand
Heir to the throne of Austria Hungary.
Triple Alliance
Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. They promised to attack an defend together.
William II
Wants war and to expand his power.
Triple Entente
The friendly understanding between Great Britain, France, and Russia. They promised to defend each other.
What factors led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Not everyone in Sarajevo was pleased with the royals as only Austrians and Hungarians had political rights. Many slavic people in Austria Hungary also wanted Bosnia to be part of Serbia to form Yugoslavia.
What were Bismarck’s major goals after 1871?
His goal was to prevent war because war might shatter his new created German empire. He also wanted to isolate France.
What alliances did Bismarck make?
He made the Triple Alliance which is the alliances between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
How was the Triple Entente formed?
It was formed out of France, Russia, and Great Britain out of desperation after seeing Germany build their alliances and power for war.
How did Austria and Russia become rivals in the Balkans?
Austria had conflict with Serbia was both wanted to expand their power. Russia is defending Serbia, also going against Austria.
How did political leaders encourage the drift toward war in 1914?
They viewed the only way of solving political tension through wars.
How did military leaders encourage the drift toward war in 1914?
They wanted to show off their military skills, weapons, and plans.
How did popular opinion encourage the drift toward war in 1914?
Citizens viewed going to war as patriotism.
What effect did the alliance between Russia and France have on Germany?
They would have to fight a two front war, separating their strength to both sides.
What effects did the two rival camps in Europe have?
It could draw the entire continent into war.
Nationalism
Group of people that have commonalities.
Nationalism was a powerful force in the Balkans.
Effect on Ottoman Empire?
Decline of Ottoman Empire.
Nationalism was a powerful force in the Balkans.
Effect on Austria-Hungary?
Many nations within their country can’t contain them, and they want to take over the Balkans.
Nationalism was a powerful force in the Balkans.
Effect on Russia?
They wanted to protect Serbia in order to have access to the Adriatic and Mediterranean for year round trading.
Ultimatum
A set of demands that if not met, would end negotiations and lead to war. Has consequences.
Mobilize
To get its army into position for war
Agressor
making an unprovoked attack
Elan
to attack the enemy boldly in battle with spirit. A French belief.
Schlieffen Plan
A suprise attack on France through Beligium in order to take the capital city of France. It was planned to happen quickly in before fighting Russia after separately.
Central Powers
Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.
Allies
Entente between France, Russia, Great Britain, and Italy.
Western Front
Germany and France fighting
Eastern Front
Germany and Russia fighting
Battle of Marne
French successfully defended Paris, pushing back germans, establishing trench warfare.
What was Austria-Hungary’s goal in sending Serbia an ultimatum?
They didn’t want to look like the aggressor in war were to happen.
What was Serbia’s reply to the ultimatum?
They agreed to everything except two terms and seeked an arbitration.
Why did Russia face difficulties facing for war?
Russia was a very big country, had poor roads, and only one railroad.
How did Russia prepare for war?
They had to mobilize their armies earlier than other countries.
What brought Germany into the war?
Russias early mobilization.
What brought France into the war?
Germany declared war on France.
How did Germany plan to solve the problem of a two-front war?
The Schlieffen plan.
What thwarted the Schlieffen plan?
Belgium not letting germany through and Russia mobilizing early.
What brought Great Britain into the war?
They joined when Germany declared war on Belgium because they ere close to Great Britain.
How did the war become a stalemate?
It was caused by the trench warfare since no one was winning or losing.
What did Germany provide Austria-Hungary with?
A blank cheque.
What was in the ultimatum Austria-Hungary sent to Serbia?
Serbia was to stop all anti-Austrian activity and allow Austrian officials to investigate and try those who accused of the Sarajevo assassination.
Why was Russia so eager to help Serbia?
After backing down in 1908, Russia needed to reassure its Slavic allies that it was truly the protector of Slavic people.
Why did Italy back out of the Triple Alliance?
Italy regard the Triple Alliance as a defensive alliance and therefore the alliance did not apply in a situation where Germany and Austria-hungary were aggressors.
What weakened Germany in the western front?
The germans sent thousands of men in the east to fight Russia.
Lunendorff Offensive
The German plan to attack the Allies trench line at one particular point, piercing that trench line, and flying through to capture Paris. This would then make France surrender.
No-man’s-land
The space between the two sets of trenches.
U-boat
The germans new invention, also known as the submarine.
Total war
Countries put all their resources into the war effort.
Rationing
People could buy only small amounts of goods.
Propoganda
Is one-sided information that aims to convince people of a certain point of view.
Convoy
Large, specially equipped fleets designed to guard merchant ships.
Abdicate
To give up the throne/power.
Armistice
An agreement to stop fighting.
Woodrow Wilson
The president of the United States at the time, wants to go to war against Germany.
Lusitania
The British passenger ship that was sunk by the Germans, killing 1198 people. 139 Americans were part of it, the world thought it would bring America in the war.
Treaty of Breast Litovsk
Ended the war between Germany and Russia, land was given to Germany.
What new weapons came into use in World War 1?
Automatic machine guns, mustard and chlorine gas, tanks, planes with machine guns
Why is World War 1 called a total war?
Everyone in society has to participate
How did the war affect the role of a woman in society?
There were less men working in the factories, this allowed women the chance to work, to which they enjoyed.
What was the role of government during the war years?
Controlled what was being produced, how much is being produced, and propaganda
How did the war progress on the Western Front? On the Eastern Front?
Western - stalemate, dirty, violent, desperate
Eastern - Germany was winning land
What part did each country play? Ottoman Empire, Italy, Japan, the United States
Ottoman Empire - Fight Russia in the south and to stop them from getting goods
Italy - Fight the Austrians in the Alps
Japan - declared war on Germany, captured most of Germany’s colonies
The United States - Reinforce trench lines in France
What factors lead to Germany’s defeat?
- Russia mobilizing early
- Belgium saying no
- Limited supplies
- Italy switching sides
- Shlieffen plan failing
- Failure of Ludendorff
- Battle of the Marne
Why was The Battle of Tannenberg important?
It got rid of all the trained Russian soldiers, weakening Russia military.
Why was the The Russian Revolution of 1917 important?
It weakened Russia as they had their own conflict in the country, weakened their resources, replaced Russia’s government with a communist government.
Why was the entry of the United States into the war on the side of the Allies important?
They were more fresh and stronger, they overwhelmed Germany
Why was the Battle of Amiens important?
It was the war that showed Germany couldn’t win in the land, air, and water. Last battle fought, German commander and generals refuse to fight and want to surrender.
Self-Determination
Allowing people to decide for themselves under what the government they wished to live.
Mandate
Was a territory that was administered on behalf the League of Nations. Allies were to govern these lands.
Reparations
Money payments to compensated for the enormous cost of the war.
Versailles
A palace in France built by the Bourbon family. Where they treaty of Versailles meeting took place.
Fourteen Points
Wilson’s 14 goals for just and lasting world peace.
League of Nations
International organization whose members would work to achieve ever lasting peace. Will also be defended.
The Big Three
George Clemenceau of France, David Lloyde George of Britain, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States.
What were the general goals of Fourteen Points?
They outlined Woodrow Wilson’s goals for a just and lasting world peace after the war.
What attitudes did Britain, France, and Italy take at the peace conference?
Britain- want Germany to have a weak navy.
French- wanted Germany to be militarily weak.
Italy- to get land from Austria-Hungary in the Alps.
Whom did the Treaty of Versailles blame for the war?
Germany
What role did the Central Powers play in the negotiations?
The Central Powers had no say in the negotiations, they were to accept whatever was made for them.
What territory did Germany lose to France?
They lost Alsace-Lorraine to France.
What new countries were created in Eastern Europe form lands lost by Austria-Hungary and Russia?
Finland
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Austria
Hungary
Czechoslovakia
Yugoslavia
Describe the organization of the League of Nations?
Was a way to keep peace between many different countries and to defend each other. They met through meetings
What Powerful nations did not become members
USA and Russia
Why did the USA reject the Treaty of Versailles
The congress wanted to practice isolationism to prevent going to war
How might the USA’s refusal to join the League affect its work?
The League of Nations may not be as strong since the USA didn’t join.
