WW1 Depth Study Flashcards
Long term cause
An indirectly linkable reason for another event to happen.
eg. Nationalism
Stab-in-the-back-myth
Conspiracy theory that the German Army didn’t lose WW1 on the battle fronts but was the civilians fault.
Conscientious objector
A person who for religious / didn’t want to kill / didn’t want to hold a gun reasons would not join the army. Most were imprisoned, forced to join or worked as medics.
February revolution
Revolution in Russia 1917 where Tsar Nicholas II was overthrown and assassinated along with his entire family.
Lenin’s April Statements
- All power to the Soviets
- Peace with Central Powers and end of the war for Russia
- Bread (no more food and money problems)
Treaty of Brest Litovsk
- Russia lost large stretch of land
- 90% of coal in Central Power control or had to be delivered to the Central Powers
- had to give back Turkish land
- some German troops occupied the area
Provisional government
Government that is set up when in an emergency to manage political transition.
eg. collapse of previous government
Isolationism
not getting involved in other countries business even when they ask that country for help (usually).
Woodrow Wilson
US President 1913-1921
Hindenburg Line
Heavily fortified line of trenches held during the war
Armistice
Cease fire
Silent dictators (German)
Hindenburg and Ludendorff ruled Germany but used the Kaiser as a public figure who to the public seemed to run the country.
Ludendorff Offensive (Spring Offensive)
German plan to push Allied forces to the sea and kick troops from Flanders west before too many American troops landed.
Petrograd Soviet
Council of workers and soldiers created during February revolution.
Von Schlieffen plan
Created in 1905 to avoid 2-front war, knock out France quickly, win the war fast. Assumed: Belgium is too week to resist, England will stay neutral, Russia will mobilize slowly.
Duma
Russian parliament
Instigation
The final straw before an event happens.
Nationalism
The invisible force and feeling of belonging together of to a group on the basis of shared history
Central Powers
Germany (and empire), Austria-Hungary, Italy, Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers
England (and empire), France (and empire), Russia (and empire) and Serbia
Militarism
The build up or expansion of the ability of a countries military to wage war.
Ultimatum
A final demand of statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in the retaliation or breakdown of relations
Blank cheque
Germany gave to Austria-Hungary: we will give you anything you ask for
eg. money, weapons, soldiers
Mobilization
The preparation for war by gathering soldiers, weapons and other resources and then moving them to where they will be needed.
Two-front war
Fighting on two sides of your country
eg. Germany
Subjective
Based on / influenced by personal feelings, tastes or opinions
Objective
Facts with no opinions attached
Primary source
Immediate, first hand account of an event / topic from someone who ha a direct link to it.
Secondary source
Information created later by someone who did not experience / participate first-hand in the events.
Reliable
Consistently good in quality or performance so is able to be trusted.
Biased
Unfairly prejudiced for or against someone or something.
Unreliable
Not able to be relied upon
Unrestricted submarine warfare
All ships in war-zone are now targets.
Decolonisation
End of colonial times: gaining of independence of countries that were formerly part of colonies.
Naval blockade
Conducted by the Allies to block supplies to the Central Powers.
U-boat
Unterwasser boat: early German submarine effective in destroying ships
War of rapid movement
classic war to gain land quickly
War of attrition
Gradually wear down the enemy with small actions over a long period of time
Entrenchment
Creating trenches
Race to the sea
Germany needed and wanted another coast to cut off UK supplies
Short term cause
A direct linkable reason for another event to happen
eg. militarism
