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History And Geography > WW1 > Flashcards

WW1 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Germany invade Belgium?

A

4th August 1914

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2
Q

Who killed Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand and his wife?

A

Javrilo Princip

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3
Q

When was Franz Ferdinand killed?

A

28 June 1914

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4
Q

Who were the Triple Entente?

A

France, Britain Russia.

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5
Q

Who were the Central Powers (Triple Alliance)?

A

Germany, Austria/ Hungary, Italy

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6
Q

How many troops did Germany have?

A

2.2 million

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7
Q

What does BEF stand for?

A

British Expeditionary Force

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8
Q

Who ruled Germany?

A

Kaiser Whilhelm II

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9
Q

Why do some people say the war started with a sandwich?

A

Because Javrilo Princip was leaving a restaurant eating a sandwich.

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10
Q

What was the Schlieffen plan?

A

A plan to circle Paris to force France’s surrender. To then move forward to take on Russia.

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11
Q

Who was the steamroller and why were they called this?

A

Russia. Because they were slow to get moving but when they got going they were hard to stop.

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12
Q

How long did Germany think it would take for Russia to mobilise?

A

6 weeks

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13
Q

Why didn’t Germany invade through Alsace-Lorraine?

A

Because it was too mountainous and France had too many forts

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14
Q

What was plan XVII?

A

French plan to invade through Alsace-Lorraine, take it over, then take over Berlin.

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15
Q

Did the Schlieffen plan work?

A

No. It failed within 2 months. Historians think it was because of Von Moltke.

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16
Q

Why did the Schlieffen plan fail?

A

Because of Von Moltke, Russia mobilised quickly. Bad communication between Moltke and the front line. Exhaustion. Swept east of Paris instead of west. Were held up by Belgium. The BEF fought.

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17
Q

Why didn’t Germany think Britain would fight.

A

Because the treaty was made in 1839 and Germany thought that it was just a piece of paper.

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18
Q

Why did Germany believe Belgium would surrender immediately and not fight?

A

Because Germany would bring to much force than Belgium could handle.

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19
Q

Did Plan XVII work?

A

No. It completely failed. France lost 300,000 men

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20
Q

When was the battle of Mons?

A

23 August

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21
Q

What happened because of the failure to sweep around Paris and instead sweep east of it?

A

The Battle Of The Marne

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22
Q

What happened at the Battle Of The Marne?

A

Germany were stopped and were forced to retreat. Germany lost so many troops the number has never been published. Started the Race to the Sea.

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23
Q

When was the Battle of the Marne?

A

5-9 September 1914

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24
Q

Which three places in the Race to the Sea did Germany take? What dates?

A

Ostend 8 October. Antwerp 15 October. Ypres 18 October

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25
Q

How long were the trenches?

A

470km from the North Sea to Switzerland

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26
Q

What does the term “dug in” mean?

A

Digging trenches presumably in a hurry

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27
Q

How many days were soldiers supposed to be on the front line for?

A

8 days but it reality it was more like 2-3 weeks

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28
Q

What were duckboards for?

A

For soldiers to stand on them without getting their feet wet in the water underneath.

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29
Q

What was the name given to lice?

A

Chats.

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30
Q

What was in a soldiers normal daylight routine?

A

Stand to half an hour before dawn. Breakfast with a biscuit, 1/3 of a loaf of bread, jam and tea with no milk. Then jobs (wide variety). They stood down at dusk to have a strong dose of rum before they go to sleep.

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31
Q

What does going “over the top” mean?

A

Getting out of your trenches to run across “no man’s land” to try make it to the other side. This very rarely happened as most of them were killed by machine guns or barbed wire.

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32
Q

What may a soldier do at night besides sleeping?

A

Go over the top into a shell bunker and listen to what the enemy was saying. They could also been planting explosives or mining through to the other side

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33
Q

Why was gas so afraid of?

A

Because soldiers could fight against it. The symptoms were terrible. It could strike at any moment.

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34
Q

What are the types of gas used in WW1?

A

Chlorine, Phosgene and Mustard. Tear gas was also used but it doesn’t really count.

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35
Q

Which gas was the most lethal?

A

Phosgene. As it was 18 times stronger than Chlorine. As well as that you couldn’t see all you could do was smell it. It also took 2 days to kill so if you didn’t notice it. You would only notice when it was too late.

36
Q

What was the problem for gas for the people releasing it?

A

The wind could change and it could come back to kill them.

37
Q

Who first invented the tank?

A

Britain

38
Q

Why was the tank created?

A

To be a new technique to end the stalemate on the Western Front

39
Q

What was the tanks nickname?

A

Mother

40
Q

How did the tank get it’s name?

A

It was originally labelled a water tank to fool the German troops but the name tank stuck.

41
Q

What were some of the problems with tanks?

A

It was slow (4kph). Couldn’t turn well. Could get to 38 degrees. Has suffocating fumes inside of it that could kill the 8 men inside it. Could only turn from the outside with a wheel at the back which could be taken out quite easily. It was also heavy so it could get stuck in the mud.

42
Q

Why wasn’t the tank successful?

A

Because there were too few tanks and men in the initial attack to do any real damage and so the surprise was lost.

43
Q

How did Germany stop tanks?

A

They made ditches that The tank would get stuck.

44
Q

Why did Britain have such a big navy?

A

Because it is an island surrounded by water and it needs a large navy to protect it’s trade passageways and from attackers

45
Q

What was wrong with the HMS Dreadnaught?

A

It made all other ships obsolete including their own ships.

46
Q

Why did the Dreadnaught make all other ships obsolete?

A

Because it was larger, faster, more powerful and could shoot further than any other ship.

47
Q

What battle was the only battle when British and German Dreadnaught’s ever fought each other?

A

The Battle of Jutland.

48
Q

When was the battle of Jutland?

A

31 May 1916

49
Q

Who won the battle of Jutland?

A

Neither side won the battle of Jutland. German won in the aspect that it sunk more ships. Britain won in the aspect that it kept Germany in its port for the rest of the war. But no side completed it’s mission so technically they both failed.

50
Q

What did Germany do to stop Britain from claiming their ships?

A

They sunk them.

51
Q

Were there any Dreadnaught catastrophes?

A

No. No Dreadnaught was ever sunk.

52
Q

Who were he two generals in charge of the navy?

A

Jellicoe and Beatty.

53
Q

What type of submarine did Germany have?

A

U-boats.

54
Q

What is The Lusitania?

A

A ship travelling to Britain that had 2000 passengers in that was sunk by a German U-boat in unrestricted ware fare.

55
Q

How many people died in the Lusitania incident?

A

Of the 2000 people; 1198 people died. Including 128 American.

56
Q

When was the sinking of the Lusitania?

A

7 May 1915

57
Q

How long did it take for the Lusitania to sink?

A

18 minutes

58
Q

What was Germany’s defence for the sinking of the Lusitania?

A

They thought it had weapons in it.

59
Q

What did Britain do to counter the U-boat campaign?

A

Created the Convoy System. A system that would have ships on the side that would spray smoke to make them look like a low lying cloud.

60
Q

What did Germany expect and not expect would happen because of the U-boat campaign?

A

That America would join the war. They didn’t expect the Convoy System though.

61
Q

How influential was the blockade?

A

It cause the death rate to go from 90 per 1000 to 300 per 1000

62
Q

What did pilots rub on their face to prevent frostbite?

A

Whale oil.

63
Q

What were the two types of planes?

A

Bi and triplanes. Two and three winged planes.

64
Q

Who was Manfred Von Richthofen?

A

The Red Baron who shot down 80 allied air planes before dying in battle.

65
Q

Who invented a Synchronised Propellor System by having the bullets firing in sinc with the propellor so that the bullets didn’t shoot of the propellor?

A

Garros

66
Q

Who was the first to use Garros’s technology?

A

Te German troops because the French troops ignored this idea

67
Q

What did they do to protect the propellors if a stray bullet did hit?

A

They put steel on the end of it (facing the plane) to block and stop stray bullets from destroying propellors

68
Q

What is a Zeppelin?

A

A hydrogen filled air ship that moves slowly, can’t manoeuvre well, and were used to bomb Britain

69
Q

Did Zeppelins work?

A

No. They were too easy to spot and too easy to take out.

70
Q

Why weren’t trenches used in the Eastern Front?

A

Because the line was way too long so they couldn’t build trenches.

71
Q

How many prisoners did Germany take when they invaded Tannenberg and the Masurian lakes in the Eastern Front.

A

135,000. Because of this the commander committed suicide.

72
Q

Who was the emperor of Russia in 1915?

A

Tsar Nicholas II

73
Q

What does ANZAC stand for?

A

Australia New Zealand Army Corps

74
Q

What are Westerners?

A

People who believed that in order to win the war they needed to put all their resources on Te Western Front.

75
Q

What are Easterners?

A

People who believed that in order to end the stalemate on the Western Front, they needed to put troops elsewhere so that Germany put troops down there to counter, meaning that the stalemate could be ended.

76
Q

What was Turkey considered?

A

The soft underbelly of Europe

77
Q

Who led the attack on Gallipoli 1915?

A

Sir John de Rodeck

78
Q

What was wrong with the resources used in the Gallipoli campaign?

A

They were old and their troops weren’t trained

79
Q

What did Turkey use to stop the advance of ships?

A

Mines

80
Q

Did the attack have the element of surprise?

A

No because spies could see them coming for them and then turning back to correct the loading.

81
Q

What was wrong with the leadership of the Gallipoli campaign?

A

General Sir Ian Hamilton was inexperienced who had no up to date maps of Gallipoli. Only maps dating from 1906. Some also say he used a tourists map.

82
Q

What was wrong with the landing of the ANZAC troops?

A

A strong current took them a mile north from were they were supposed to land.

83
Q

What did the ANZAC soldiers face when they landed?

A

Cliffs.

84
Q

What was wrong with the ANZAC soldiers not advancing immediately?

A

It gave the Turks time to get ready as they had not expected them to land there.

85
Q

Did the Gallipoli campaign break the stalemate on the Western Front?

A

No instead it extended it as the ANZAC and Turkish soldiers built trenches

History And Geography (2 decks)

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