WW1 Flashcards
MAIN causes of WW1 (M)?
Militarism
Main idea: Countries involved in conflict were pushed into it by the rise in militarism. Navies and militaries were expanded
- the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interest
- By 1914, Germany had the greatest increase in military buildup, with Russia’s military also beginning to have a greater influence on public policy.
- Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased their navies.
MAIN causes of WW1 (A)?
Main idea: Mutual defence agreements were formed over time throughout Europe, which were often not transparent. This led to the escalation of the war, as more countries became involved.
Before WW1, the following alliances existed:
- Russia and Serbia
- Germany and Austria Hungary
- France and Russia
- Britain, France, and Belgium
- Japan and Britain.
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia got involved to defend Serbia, Germany seeing Russia mobilizing, declared war on Russia. France then got drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany attacked France through Belgium, pulling Britain into war. Then Japan entered the war, and later Italy and the US entered on the side of the allies.
MAIN causes of WW1 (I)?
Main Idea: Imperialism is when a country increases their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control
- Before WW1, Africa and parts of Asia were points of disagreement within European countries due to raw resorces
- The competition for overseas territories contributed to heightened tensions and rivalries among European nations
(Eg. Belgium, France, Great Britain, Japan, Netherlands, USA, and more.)
MAIN causes of WW1 (N)?
Main idea: Each country tried to prove their dominance and power by trying to overpower others. Intense form of patriotism/loyalty to ones country.
- Much of the origin of the war was based on the desire of Slavic people to no longer be a part of Austria - Hungary, and to instead be part of Serbia.
Immediate Cause of WW1 (Not MAIN)?
- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary
- Serbian nationalist Gravilo Princip assassinated Ferdinand and his wife while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia, part of Austria-Hungary, on June 28, 1914.
- Ferdinand was the prince of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, including Bosnia
- In protest of Austrai-Hungary having control of this region. Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina. - Assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia.
- Russia got involved due to alliance with Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia, beginning the expansion of the war.
Total War
All of an involved nations resources are to be focused on the war effort. This means that factories, farms etc. are all working towards winning the war.
Triple Alliance and Triple Entente
Alliance/Central powers:
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Entente/Allies:
Britain, France, Russia
Schlieffen Plan
- Ambitious German plan to defeat the French-Russian alliance
- Sweep into France through Belgium with most of German army, attack Paris from the West and North, sweeping East and South across the country, taking France out of the equation and the army will already be marching East to meet the Russians.
Race to Sea
Though shocked at first by strong German advances, French, Belgian, and British forces begin to resist.
- Schlieffen plan stalls, both sides rush North-West through France and Belgium, in attempt to cut their opponents off in race to sea.
- Race ends October 19, 1914 with neither side getting around the other
Armistice
- Germany suffered many attacks and resources are scarce.
- Austria - Hungary Empire begins to break as successor states demand independance.
- Ottoman Empire collapses.
- Governments are forced to accept surrender.
- On 11th hour of 11th day of 11th month, Armistice was signed.
Total cost:
$330 billion
10 million dead
21 million wounded
T.O.V
- Germany forced to admit full responsibility for starting war (War Guilt Clause).
- Germany had to pay reparations for War, mainly to France and Belgium for the damage done to both countries by the war, ($33 billion).
- League of Nations was set up to keep world peace, (UK - Woodrow Wilson drafted it, France, Italy, US). (League of Nations failed to keep peace)
Canada in WW1 achievements
- Battle of Vimy Ridge took place from April 9 to April 12, 1917, during the larger Battle of Arras on the Western Front.
- The ridge was a heavily fortified German position that had proven difficult for the Allies to capture.
- Four Canadian divisions, fighting together for the first time as a cohesive unit successfully captured Vimy Ridge from the German forces.
- The success at Vimy Ridge established the reputation of the Canadian Corps as a highly effective and disciplined military force.
- Canada was invited to take a seat as an independent nation at the TOV in Paris 1919 (Dramatic moment for the nation to be recognized not as a colony of Britain, but as an independant political entity.
Canada in WW1 military (what was it made up of)
- 3110 men, two training ships in 1914
- 20,000 asked to volunteer, 100,000 volunteered to fight
- Canada achieved 1st - Kitchner’s Wood was the first battle in which a colonial force (Canadians) defeated a European power (Germany) on European soil (Belgium)
- Ferdinand Foch said they were “the greatest action of the war”.
- All 4 Canadian divisions fought together for first time at Battle of Vimy Ridge
What defined the 1920’s?
- ENGAGED IN VICES
- Western powers experienced a rise in consumerism
- Radios were important
- Flappers came to be
- Jazz age
- Prior to this, fashion was long sleeves & dresses for women, which switched to short dresses, and women allowed to show shoulders
- Introduced car - people liked freedom
- Loans introduced
- Rapid industrialization
What was the Stock Market crash
- The Stock Market Crash of 1929, also known as Black Tuesday, occurred on October 29, 1929, and marking the beginning of the Great Depression.
- It was a sudden and severe collapse of the U.S. stock market. On that day, stock prices plummeted dramatically, leading to a massive sell-off.
- Banks gave out loans without regulations.
- Banks distributed the money that people put in, and took people’s stuff if they didn’t have the money to pay them back when someone wanted to withdraw.
- Insurance on banks didn’t exist
