WW1 Flashcards
4 causes of war
Nationalism
imperialism
militarism
alliances
Nationalism
loyalty and devotion to a nation especially as expressed in a glorifying of one nation above all others and a stressing of the promotion of its culture and interests.
imperialism
a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through colonization
militarism
the opinions or actions of people who believe that a country should use military methods, forces, etc., to gain power and to achieve its goals.
Alliances
a union between people, groups or countries for war and trade
Triple alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Triple entente
Great Britain, France, and Russia
when did Archduke Franz Ferdinand die
28th of june, 1914
why did archduke franz ferdinand die
he was assassinated by a group of Serbians due to rising tentions between Austria-Hungary and Bosnia.
What day did great britian declare war
4th of August, 1914
How did australia react to the war
Australian citizens were originally very enthusiastic
How many Australians were promised for the british army?
20,000
How many australians originally enlisted
50,000
8 Reasons to go to war
- Australia wanted to prove themselves
- Loyalty to the mother country
- Australia was concerned for future and wanted a strong alliance with britian because of this
- adventure!
- women encouragement
- chance to earn a good wage
- Hatred of the enemy
- to get away from commitment and family
what are enlistment posters called?
Propaganda
why were enlistment posters designed?
To convince men to go to war
Why did we need to go to gallipoli?
the triple entente needed to transport materials to russia. However in order to reach russia they had to travel through turkey.
Where did Anzacs train before gallipoli? - how long did they train
Egypt - they trained for nearly a year
when did we arrive to gallipoli?
April 25th, 1916
what was different in Gallipoli to what we originally planned?
cliffs were 100m higher
Turks were ready and had the high ground
How many Australians were killed on Gallipoli day 1?
600
what were Anzac’s and Turkish soldiers’ thoughts about each other?
they had mutual respect, and were both fighting for there own safety and country
when did Anzacs leave gallipoli>
20th of Dec, 1915
The Anzac Legend:
11 qualities
- independance
- determination
- loyalty
- mateship
- selflessness
- willingness to take risks
- initiative
- bravery
- good humour
- desire for a fair go
When and where did the western front start?
In august 1914, Germany invaded France. All the way through Belgium to France.
was the Western Front successful?
German forces, were not able to move further up France, however this stalemate lasted the entirety of the way, with little to no changes.
Machine guns?
despite being heavy and difficult to move they could fire 600 rounds per minute, which was extremely lethal.
poisonous gas?
Chlorine gases were blown over trenches and burned the airways of any not wearing a mask.
Tanks?
They were created in 1916. While being unreliable, they changed battlefield tactics forever.
warfare planes?
fitted with machine guns, and were deadly from a distance
what did the War Precautions Act do?
It gave the government the legal right to regulate and control all war-related acts and items.
What were people with the opposing sides’ heritage called?
Enemy Aliens
what did Germans in Australia have to do?
register in police stations, submit to random searches and arrests, and be put into preservation camps. Germans lost their jobs, property, and right to vote.
why did censorship occur?
to stop the enemy from hearing information it could use against allies. Aswell as “protecting” the homefront from the realities.
was censorship effective?
Yes!
why after 1916 did enlistments drop?
News of death and injury were slowly being filtered home.
why was the homefront getting tired of war?
all industries, resources, and citizens made sacrifices. Shortages of food and everyday necessities were becoming more and more common.
conscription
compulsory enlistment
who is billy hughes?
was he for or against conscription?
Billy Hughes was Australia’s prime minister at the time ( apart of the labour party) . After a trip to Great Britain, he was strongly for conscription.
1916: 1st plebiscite result:
NO!
1917: 2nd plebiscite result:
NO!
Plebiscite
A vote citizens take. Similar to a referendum but doesn’t make a change in the constitution.
Reasons for yes to the plebiscite
equality to sacrifice
Australias reputation
Britain need support
ends war quicker
reasons for no to the plebiscite:
- no one should have the right to send another to be killed
- to many already dead
- working-class burden
How could women enlist?
to be a nurse
how many nurses enlisted?
around 2500
were women placed in the workforce?
Yes, in roles like teachers and factory workers. But as soon as men returned they were fired.
What was 1 factor in the end of the war?
Germany had attacked several US ships, which eventually made the US join the war. Which introduced many more soldiers aswell as an increased level of power.
what year was Russia out of the triple entente?
1917
Spring offensive
march 21st 1918 Germany fired a million artillery shells
Hundred day Offensive
in retaliation for the spring offensive, Britain attacked Germany for 100 days straight setting back Germany.
when did the war end
11th of Nov 1918
Who won!
Britian (colonies), US, russia
what did Germany have to do once they lost?
Reduce its boundaries
be stripped of all colonies
reduce their army and weaponry
- agree to pay aligned nations for damage
- accept responsibility
How many Australians didnt come home
60,000
How many were killed, injured or missing
9 mil killed
22 mil wounded
5 mil missing
Was Australia more divided or unified after 1918?
divided
What did the Anzacs bring back with them after the war?
Spanish flu
