WW1 Flashcards
Helmuth Von Moltke
1906-1914
Assumed leadership over Schlieffen Plan after Schlieffen died.
Alfred Von Schlieffen
1891-1905
German military strategist
Devised the Schlieffen Plan
Paul Von Hindenburg
1916-1919
German chief of army staff at end of war
Kaiser Wilhelm II
1888-1918
German Kaiser
Joseph Jacques Cesaire Joffre
1911-1916
French commander-in-chief
Robert Nivelle
1916-1917
French
Henri Phillipe Petain
1917-1918
French commander at end of war
Sir John French
1911-1915
British commander-in-chief
Sir Douglas Haig
1915-1921
Herbert Henry Asquith
1908-1916
British prime minister
David Lloyd George
1916-1922
British prime minister
Theodore Roosevelt
1901-1909
US prime minister
Woodrow Wilson
1913-1921
US president
Militarism
Political, diplomatic, social emphasis on military matters
ie. military spending, developing military technology
Industrialization
Decrease imports by self-sustenance
Alliances
Triple Alliance (Germany, A-H, Italy) Entente Cordiale (Britain, France, Russia)
Nationalism
Emotional attachment to a certain cultural/territorial group, desire for independence
Imperialism
Set of actions/policies by which one national group dominates another national group and it’s territory
Inciting Event
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophie by Princip, member of Serbian Black Hand
Schlieffen Plan
August 3, 1914
March through Belgium and hammer swing around Paris
Marne
Sept 5-12
Caused troops on both sides to dig in and start war of attrition
Total War
War in which entire nation is involved
Social Characteristics of Total War
Involves civilians (fighting and home front) Recruiting women into male-dominant workplace
Economical Characteristics of Total War
War economy
Rationing
Industry shifted from consumer to war goods
Military Characteristics of Total War
Conscription
Massive destruction
High casualty rates
Weapons of mass destruction
Political Characteristics of Total War
Power is centralized (states becomes interventionist)
Propaganda used to encourage involvement in home front and reinforce nationalistic feelings
Limited War
Weapons, territory, objectives to war are limited
Blockade
Prevent country from receiving supplies
Britain blockaded Germany (Baltic Sea) -> starvation, “Turnip Winter”
Dreadnought
Most heavily-armed ship powered by steam turbines
Made by British, lead to British naval victory
U-Boat
Underwater submarines used by Germans in English Channel/Atlantic Ocean
Sank many merchant/passenger British ships
Torpedo
Carried on U-boats
Used to sink enemy ships
Trench Warfare
Series if trenches along front lines
Stretched across France and Belgium
Lead to war of attrition
Machine Gun
Automatic easy-use gun
Faster than rifles -> mass death
Tank
Armoured vehicle with caterpillar tracks and machine guns
First used by British at Somme
Creeping Barrage
Fire artillery directly in front of front line of infantry
Dynamite
Planted below enemy trenches
Balloon/Dirigible
Used to observe enemy movements
Airplane
Armed with machine guns
Aerial dogfights
