ww1

Question 1

What were the fighting conditions/ terrain like?

Answer 1

Snowy mountains

Question 2

Who was the triple alliance/ triple entente?

Answer 2

Alliance- Italy, Germant, Austro-Hungary

Entente- UK, France, Russia

Question 3

Which groups were for joining the war and why?

Answer 3

Salandra Liberals, Nationalists

Lead to strong government, gain irredente lands, could introduce for repressive legislation

Question 4

Which groups were against joining the war and why?

Answer 4

Church, socilaists, Giolitti liberals

-Another catholic country, deaths, army not equipped enough, economy too weak, halt progress in dealing with social/ economic problems

Question 5

When did Italy sign the Treaty of London?

Answer 5

26 April 1015

Question 6

What was the Treaty of London

Answer 6

Italy pledging to support Britain, France and Russia

Question 7

What did the triple entente offer to Italy to join their side?

Answer 7

Promised that with victory, Italy would gain much irridente lands eg Trieste

Question 8

What followed after announcing the treaty of london?

Answer 8

• Giolitti denounced the treaty and 300 deputies announced their opposition
• Massive crowds of supporters for the war
• Salandra resigned and king asked Giolitti to form new government
• King told Giolitti he felt committed to the treaty and might abdicate if not honoured
• Gio felt he couldn’t support treaty and didn’t want to risk overthrowing the king so declined offer
• Salandra reinstated and Italy formally declared war with Austria

Question 9

Who was the supreme (army) commander at the beginning of the war and what did he believe in?

Answer 9

Luigi Cadorna

Solution to lack of discipline/ moral was to repress dissent through harsh punishment ie death

Question 10

In the army, how were divisions in society revealed?

Answer 10

• Ideals of war concerning Italian expansion meant very little to them
• Peasants couldn’t understand orders given by educated northerns due to dialects

Question 11

How did the Gov deal with prisoners of war?

Answer 11

Didnt attemot to help those caputured in fear that due to lack of patriotic feelings, if soldiers heard the conditions were tolerable they might surrender

Question 12

WHat was the Austrian major offensive in 1916 called and what was the consequence?

Answer 12

Strafexpedition

-Salandra was criticised by both military command and parliment so was forced to resign

Question 13

WHo was Salandra replaced by?

Answer 13

Paolo Boselli

Question 14

When was the Battle of Caporetto?

Answer 14

October 1917

Question 15

WHy were the Italians defeated so quickly at Caporetto?

Answer 15

Poor leadership/ low morale saw Italian army dissolve and a humiliating/ chaotic retreat took place

Question 16

Who was Boselli replaced by?

Answer 16

Orlando

Question 17

What was the battle of Vittorio Veneto Oct 1918?

Answer 17

When Italian forced launched offences entering town of Vittorio Veneto, splitting Austrian army in 2 and Austria signed Armistice Nov 4th

Question 18

What were the economic impacts of the war?

Answer 18

• Military industry grew substantially but was backed up by the state and banks
• this growth baed of gov investment which was paid for by foreign loans and printing more money
• Inflation Problems and cuts to gov spending

Question 19

How much was the gov in debt?

Answer 19

23 Billion lire

Question 20

What impact did the war have on social divisions?

Answer 20

War production based in north and growth in industry accelerated north south divisions
-whilst N economy grew by over 20%, South remained Impoverished

Question 21

what is a Pyrrhic Victory?

Answer 21

A victory which inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it is a tantamount to defeat