WSET Level 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What style of Port “must” be decanted?
A
Vintage
2
Q
Which style of sherry is refortified to 17% partially through the aging process?
A
Amontillado
3
Q
What style of Sherry does not show oxidative characters of walnut and caramel?
A
Fino
4
Q
Cava refers to:
A
A bottle-fermented sparkling wine from Spain
5
Q
What is added to a base wine to inaugurate a second-fermentation in a bottle-fermented sparkling wine?
A
Sugar and yeast
6
Q
Generally speaking, how much will the alcohol of a base wine increase during secondary fermentation?
A
1-2%
7
Q
The term ‘Classico’ on an Italian wine label indicates:
A
The wine comes from a historic centre of a wine region
8
Q
What is the main grape of a Valpolicella blend?
A
Corvina
9
Q
Typical aromas and flavors of Fiano inculde
A
peach, melon, mango
10
Q
The main grape of Gavi DOCG is
A
Cortese
11
Q
Gavi DOCG is located in which part of Italy?
A
Piedmont
12
Q
The grape of Soave is
A
Garganega
13
Q
Which variety native to Bordeaux is widely grown in Chile?
A
Carmenére
14
Q
Name the pair of regions that is home to many old vine Grenache
A
Barossa Valley and McLaren Valley
15
Q
Give the basic description for Grenache grapes.
A
high sugars, thin skins, low acidity
16
Q
The classic region for Syrah is
A
The northern Rhône
17
Q
Which region has established itself has a source of distinctively minty Cab Sauv in Australia?
A
Coonawarra
18
Q
The climate of Bordeaux is best described as
A
Moderate maritime
19
Q
Which Chilean region typically produces medium-bodied Merlots from high yields?
A
Central Valley
20
Q
Which river divides Bordeaux into a left and right bank?
A
Gironde
21
Q
Merlot is originally from
A
Bordeaux
22
Q
Which AOC is home to the finest examples of Viognier?
A
Condrieu AOC
23
Q
What contributes most to the stylistic differences between Pinot Gris and Pinot Grigio?
A
Grape-growing choices
24
Q
What pair of regions in South Africa are famous for Sauv Blanc?
A
Constantia and Elgin
25
What Bordeaux AOC is home to top quality Sauv Blanc?
Pessac-Léognan AOC
26
What region is considered the heart of Burgundian Chardonnay?
Côte de Bueane
27
Describe a typical warm climate Chardonnay
Full body, medium acidity, primary characters of pineapple/banana
28
Sauternes wines are based on which variety?
Semillon
29
True or False:
A Tokaji wine made from Furmint can be made dry
True
30
Which Prädikatswein translates to "late harvest" in English
Spätlese
31
Naturally high acidity in Riesling means:
It is suitable for late-harvesting when conditions are right
32
What best describes a red Zinfindel?
Full body, high alcohol, primary flavor of blackberry
33
Blending Pinot Noir with other grapes is common in:
Champagne
34
Good examples of Pinot Noir in California are generally not found in:
Napa
35
"Vendanges Tardives" indicates a wine made from:
late-harvest grapes
36
The challenge of low yields is:
commercial viability
37
An ice bucket will efficiently chill a wine if:
the bucket is filled with equal parts ice and cold water
38
How are Reserve Ruby ports different from Ruby ports?
Reserve Ruby ports are generally of high quality.
Better grapes are used and they are matured longer than Ruby ports
39
What are the 3 most important styles of Dry Sherry?
1. Fino
2. Oloroso
3. Amontillado
40
What is the grape in Fino, Oloroso and Amontillado sherries?
Palomino
41
Because of how Amontillado is made (biologically, the oxidatively) what flavors help define it?
bread/bread dough/biscuit (like Finos)
nuts/caramel/dried fruits (lik Oloroso)
42
What is significant or particular about Amontillado sherry and how it ages?
Amontillado starts of aging biologically (under flor) but it's refortified to Oloroso levels (17%). This refortification kills the flor and the wine ends up aging oxidatively.
43
Besides PX, what are the other styles of sweet sherry?
1. Pale cream (made from Fino)
2. Medium (made from Amontillado)
3. Cream (made from Oloroso)
44
Describe the profile of Fino Sherry
dry
low alcohol (for a fortified wine)
pale in color (pale lemon)
notes of green apple
light oxidative notes (yeast, biscuit, almond)
45
Describe the profile of a Tawny port
sweet
high alcohol
full body
dried fruits
oxidative flavors (nuts, caramel)
46
Describe the profile of Cortese
dry
light body
high acid
gentle floral notes (blossom)
light citrus (lemon)
crisp orchard fruit (pear, apple)
47
Where is Cortese the most important grape variety?
Piedmont, NW Italy
48
Brunello is the name for what in Montalcino?
Sangiovese
49
Why is port always sweet?
Fermentation is interrupted and stopped by the addition of alcohol (neutral grape spirit) which kills the yeasts, leaving the wine very sweet and high in alcohol
50
Describe the profile of Brunello di Montalcino
dry
high alcohol
full body
high tannin
concentrated red-fruit profile
always matured in oak (mostly neutral) for long period prior to release (notes of clove, cedar)
great aging potential
51
Where is the town of Montalcino in Tuscany?
southern Tuscany
52
Corvina is the most important grape in which Italian region?
Veneto, in the NE
53
Name some reasons why a young Barbera is generally more approachable than young Nebbiolo
Barbera displays: lower tannin, more ample, plush fruits, many are unoaked and less complex
54
What is Barbera's most famous DOCG?
Barbera d'Asti DOCG
55
Describe the profile of Montepulciano
dry
high tannin
medium acid
black fruits (plum, cherries)
most affordable with no oak
some concentrated styles will see oak
56
What is the most famous DOC in Abruzzo for the Montepulciano grape?
Montepulciano d'Abruzzo
57
What are the 2 most prominent grape varietals in Central Italy?
1. Sangiovese
2. Montepulciano
58
What is the minimum requirement of lees aging for a non-vintage Champagne?
12
59
Where does Prosecco DOC come from?
Veneto, NE Italy
60
Describe the profile of Sangiovese
dry
high tannin
high acid
red fruits (cherries, plums)
dried herbal notes (pizza herbs: oregano, basil)
most simple/affordable with no oak
some concentrated styles of Classico and Reserva will see oak
61
Which mountain range runs down the length of Italy, basically splitting the country down the middle of the boot?
The Apennines
62
Describe the profile of a vintage Champagne
dry
high acid
mature citrus
bruised apple/pear notes
medium to pronounced autolytic aromas and flavors
honey
caramel
mushrooms
extremely age-worthy
benefits from bottle aging
63
What is the coolest growing areas in South Africa planted to Chardonnay?
Walker Bay
64
Name 2 villages in the Côte dé Beaune that are famous for their Chardonnays
1. Meursault AOC
2. Puligny-Montrachet AOC
65
Describe the style of Semillon that is typical for Hunter Valley
dry
light bodied
low alcohol
neutral flavors in youth
honeyed and nutty flavors when aged
66
What white grape goes into Gavi DOCG?
Cortese
67
Describe the character profile of Pinotage
dry
medium to full body
medium tannin
high acidity
bright red fruits (strawberry, red cherry, red licorice, crunchy raspberry)
may or may not have oak influence
68
What is the term for the very youngest style of aged wine in Spain?
Joven
69
Describe a Reserva red wine from Spain
dry
softened tannins
developing secondary and tertiary aromas and flavors
-caramel, earth, mushrooms
-both fresh and dried or cooked fruit
70
Describe the profile of a non-vintage Champagne
dry
high acid
under ripe/just ripe citrus
fresh apple/crunchy pear notes
light autolytic flavors/aromas
not particularly age worthy-better drunk young
71
Besides Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, what other grape in South Africa is widely used in Méthode Cap Classique?
Chenin Blanc
72
What are the 4 most important DOC/DOCGs for Sangiovese in Tuscany?
1. Chianti DOCG
2. Chianti Classico DOCG
3. Chianti Classico Reserva DOCG
4. Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
73
Describe the profile of Fiano
dry
medium to full body
medium acid
peach/stone fruits
melon/tropical fruits
if Sur-lie aged, notes of bread, biscuit, smoke
74
What central Italian region is famous for Montepulciano?
Abruzzo
75
In which region is Fiano di Avellino DOCG?
Campania
76
Describe the profile of Verdicchio
dry
medium body
high acid
fennel/anise
lemon/citrus
green orchard fruit (apple, pear)
developed wines show notes of honey and nuts
77
Which region in Italy is known for Verdicchio?
Marche
78
Describe the profile of Amarone della Valpolicella
dry to off dry
full body
high alcohol (15%+ abv)
high tannin
high acid
dried fruits (figs, raisins, prunes)
ripe red fruits (cherries)
79
What winemaking technique is widely used in the Veneto region?
Appassimento
80
Name 4 important DOC/DOCGs whose wines are dominated by the black grape Corvina
1. Valpolicella DOC
2. Valpolicella Classico DOC
3. Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG
4. Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG
81
Describe the profile of Corvina
dry to off dry, depending on the DOC/DOCG
light body (Valpolicella DOC) to full body (Amarone Valpolicella DOCG)
low to medium tannin (can be high tannin for Amarone)
high acid
red fruits (cherries, plums, fresh figs)
gentle florals (hibiscus)
82
What 2 international grape varietals are allowed in Spanish Cava?
What do they add?
1. Chardonnay
2. Pinot Noir
Both add acidity and fruit character to Cava
83
Which region in Australia uses Merlot in their Bordeaux red blends?
Margaret River
84
What are the main grape varieties in Sauternes?
Semillon and Sauv Blanc
85
To be labeled Qualitätswein or Prädikateswein, what requirements must the grapes meet?
Qualitaswein:
must come from one of the 13 wine regions
grapes must achieve high levels of ripeness than Landwein
Prädikateswein:
must come from on of the 13 wine region
grapes must have a higher level of sugar than Qualitätswein
86
In what region and country does Primitivo live?
Puglia, Italy
87
Where is Sauternes AOC?
it is a sub-region of Bordeaux
88
Which appellation on New Zealand's north island is know for Chardonnay?
What is the climate there?
Hawke's Bay
Moderate climate
89
What region of Chile is known for experiencing Pacific breezes and morning fog?
Casablanca Valley
90
What helps differentiate the 3 dry styles of sherry?
length in the solera
environmental conditions around and in the solera, including humidity and heat
91
What does it mean when a wine is fortified?
alcohol is added to the wine to: protect it from spoiling and to bolster its body, warmth and sturdiness
92
Where is sherry produced?
in SW Spain in and around the town of Jerez de la Frontera
93
List the most ubiquitous styles of port. Of these, which style is going to be the most oxidative?
1. Ruby-style port
2. Ruby port
3. Reserve Ruby port
4. LBV port
5. Vintage port
6. Tawny-style port (most oxidative)
94
What grape goes into Asti DOCG?
100% Moscato
95
What does the final dosage (liquer d' expédition) do besides top up the bottle?
dictates the final sweetness level of the wine
96
Which region in Argentina has the highest density of Malbec plantings?
Mendoza
97
Describe the profile of Barbera
dry
low to medium tannin
high acid
plush red fruits (cherries, plums)
occasional black pepper
98
Which region of Italy has the highest density of Barbera plantings?
Piedmont, in the NW
99
Which direction do the vineyards of Barolo face?
south
100
Describe the profile of Nebbiolo
dry
full body
high tannin
high alcohol
red fruits (red cherry, plum)
gentle florals (violet, rose)
developing aromas include; leather, truffles, tar/tobacco
101
Which river crosses all of northern Italy, starting in Piedmont and ending in Veneto?
Pò River
102
Describe the profile of ripe Carmenére
dry
full body
high tannin
medium to high acidity
black fruits (dark plum, blackberry, black raspberry)
herbal (eucalyptus)
if oak matured, notes of coffee, chocolate, mocha
103
What style of wine is Recioto di Soave DOCG?
a sweet wine made w/ dried grapes
most of which are Garganega using the appassimento process
104
What is the well known DOCG for Fiano in Southern Italy?
Fiano di Avellino DOCG
105
Nebbiolo is the only black grape allowed in the wines from what 2 Piedmont DOCGs?
1. Barolo DOCG
2. Barbaresco DOCG
106
Which mountain range runs along the northern border of Italy, protecting it from very cold, northerly winds?
The Alps
107
In which Italian region are Soave DOC and Soave Classico DOC found?
Veneto, in the NE
108
Soave DOC and Soave Classico DOC are made to
age in bottle for many years?
drink young and fresh?
drinks young and fresh
109
What is the typical range of alcohol in a dry wine?
11.5%-16% abv
110
Name 2 appellations in the southern Rhône known for simple, affordable, and approachable Grenache-based blends.
Which one is more likely to be a touch more complex and interesting?
1. Côtes du Rhône AOC
2. Côtes du Rhône Villages AOC (will be more complex and interesting)
111
Describe the profile of Garganega
dry
medium body
high acid
peach
light citrus (lemon)
green orchard fruit (pear, apple)
112
Ribera del Duero is generally warmer and more mountainous than Rioja.
How does Tempranillo from Ribera del Duero differ from Tempranillo from Rioja?
Ribera del Duero:
Fuller bodied
higher alcohol
higher in tannins
blacker fruit profile
Rioja:
medium bodied
medium alcohol
medium tannin
red/black fruit profile
113
What grapes are usually blended with Grenache in Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale?
1. Shriaz
2. Mourvédre
114
Where in Chile are the highest density of plantings of Carmenére?
warm and sunny areas of Central Valley
115
What styles of wine is Navarra DO best known for?
Dry rosés
116
Which country is most identified with Carmenére?
Chile
117
What is the expansive appellation in NE Spain that is known for making high-volume Tempranillo?
Catalunya DO
118
Describe the profile of an Argentinean Malbec
dry
full body
high tannin
medium acidity
concentrated black fruits
if oak matured, flavors of coffee, mocha, clove, vanilla
if aged, flavors of dried black fruit, cured meat
intensely dark in color, almost purple
119
When Malbec is blended in Argentina, which grapes is it usually blended with?
Cab Sauv and merlot
120
In Australia, Grenache is grown and made as a high-quality varietal in these 2 warm places
Barossa Valley
McLaren Vale
121
What are the 2 north-central appellations in Spain known for fresh red-fruited wines with Grenache as a component?
1. Rioja DOC
2. Navarra DO
122
Name the 2 most important appellations in Spain for quality Tempranillo
1. Rioja DOCa
2. Ribera del Duero DO
123
What is the traditional vessel for aging Tempranillo or Tempranillo
based wines?
small, new oak barrels (usually American oak)
124
Where is Crozes Hermitage AOC in relation to Hermitage AOC?
Crozes Hermitage AOC surrounds the bottom of the hill of Hermitage.
Crozes Hermitage is on flat land
125
Describe the typical flavor of a red wine from Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC
dry
full body
high alcohol
medium acidity
medium tannin
ripe red and black fruits (it's usually blended)
herbal (thyme, rosemary)
herbaceous (tomato leaf)
126
Describe the steps a base wine goes through for Traditional Method
1. Base wine+yeast+sugar placed in individual bottles kickstart secondary fermentation
*CO2 and ~1.5 % alcohol created
2. When secondary fermentation complete, dead yeast cells (lees) start to breakdown, a process called autolysis
127
Of the 2 sections of the Côte d'Or (Côte d' Nuits and Côte d' Bueane) which one focuses on Chardonnay production?
Côte d Beaune (southern section)
128
What is the typical profile of a California Zinfindel
black fruit (blackberry, dark plum)
dried fruits (prune)
oak flavors (vanilla, mocha, clove)
129
Name one South African region that is known for its Pinot Noir
Walker Bay
130
Name one South African region that is known for its Pinot Noir
Walker Bay
131
Describe the main differences between Pinot Noir from Burgundy and Pinot Noir from California
California:
ripe red fruit
higher use of new oak (overt vanilla flavors)
Burgundy
tart red fruits
subtle use of oak (clove/smoke flavors)
132
What is Burgundy's most northern AOC for Chardonnay?
Chablis AOC
133
Discuss Classico and Riserva as defined by Italian wine law
Classico: wines are the wines that have been made solely from a historically classified wine region
Riserva: wines are a category that carry specified extended ageing regimen, sometimes in oak or bottle (or both), and are usually higher in alcohol
134
What is optimum fermentation temperature for white wine?
Between 12-22 degrees C (54-72 degrees F)
*rosé wines are typically fermented at similar temperatures to white wines
135
What are the PDO terms used in Germany?
Qualitätswein
Prädikatswein
136
How does adding sugar to the must before or during fermentation change the final wine?
Adding sugar before or during fermentation increases the alcohol level in a wine
137
What is the only white grape varietal allowed in Vouvray AOC?
Chenin Blanc
138
Which 2 of the 6 Prädikatswein categories must have Botrytis-affected grapes?
1. Beerenauslese
2. Trockenbeerenauslese
139
What grape variety is considered to produce outstanding quality red wines in both France and Australia?
Shriaz
140
List the order of processes when making red wine
1. crushing
2. pressing
3. alcoholic fermentation
4. storage or maturation
5. packaging
141
Name 2 villages for Pinot Noir in the Côte de Beaune
1. Beaune AOC
2. Pommard AOC
142
Describe the profile of a cool climate chardonnay
light to medium body
high acidity
green orchard fruit (apple, pear)
tart citrus
river rock
143
Describe the levels of dry-to-sweet scale
dry: no sugar or perceptible sugar
off dry: barely-there or a kiss of residual sugar
medium: obvious sugar, but not sweet enough to pair with desserts
sweet: sugar is the main driver of the wine
144
What are the alcohol % levels for a low, medium, and high alcohol fortified wine?
low: 15-16.4%
medium: 16.5-18.4%
high: 18.5% and higher
145
When talking about color intensity, what is the difference between "pale" and "deep"?
pale:
a white wine that has a wide, watery, almost colorless rim
a red that has a light hue and is mostly see-through from rim to the core
deep:
a white wine with color that reaches or almost reaches the rim
a red wine that has a deep, concentrated color and is near impossible to see through
146
What structural component will make a wine appear fuller bodied?
higher alcohol (main factor)
higher tannin
higher sugar
147
What are the alcohol levels for a low, medium and high alcohol table wine?
low: below 11%
medium: 11-13.9%
high: 14% and higher
148
What structural components contribute to a wine's body?
sugar
alcohol
acidity
tannin
149
In Burgundy, which direction do the best vineyards face?
Why?
south/southeast
to take advantage of as much sunlight as possible to ripen the grapes in this cool-to-moderate climate
150
Describe the profile of Tokaji Aszú
full body
sweet
high acidity
fresh/dried fruits
citrus
vanilla
caramel/creme caramel
151
Name 2 famous villages for Pinot Noir in the Côte de Nuits
1. Gevery-Chambertin AOC
2. Nuits-Saint-Georges AOC
152
Complex, fuller-styled Pinot Gris are sometimes fermented dry. How are they made off-dry?
By removing the yeasts through filtration
153
What are the 2 appellations in northern Italy that are known for light, simple, inexpensive Pinot Grigio?
1. Veneto IGT
2. delle Venezie DOC
154
In Condrieu AOC, is Viognier bottled as a single varietal or is it blended?
Always a single varietal in Condrieu
155
What are the 2 distinct styles of Pinot Gris/Pinot Grigio?
1. a simple dry light bodied wine with high acidity (grapes harvested early: Italian style)
2. A complex, fuller bodied wine with medium acidity and laden with flavor (grapes harvested later: Alsatian style)
156
Which AOC in France is known for it's high-quality Viognier?
Condrieu AOC in the northern Rhône
157
Where in Italy can you find a more structured, fruity, full-bodied style of Pinot Grigio?
Fruiuli-Venezia Giulia
158
Why is Rías Baxias DO well suited to the production of refreshing white wines such as Albariño?
It is close to or on the Atlantic Ocean, giving the region cool breezes, plentiful rain and clouds
159
Alsace Grand Cru AOP vineyards are found on the sloped hill of which mountains?
Which direction do these vineyards face?
Vosges Mountains
east/southeast
160
What 3 famous appellations line in the area known as the right banks?
1. Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC
2. Saint-Emilion AOC
3. Pomerol AOC
161
What famous 7 appellations lie in the area known as the left bank?
Médoc AOC: Haut-Médoc AOC, Pauillac AOC, Margaux AOC
Graves AOC: Pessac-Léognan AOC
Sauternes AOC
162
What grape varietal is Hermitage renowned for?
Syrah based wines
163
Which grape varietal is used to make Meursault?
Chardonnay
164
Sweet with high acidity, low alcohol and dried-apricot and honey characteristics best describes
Trockenbeerenaulse
165
The majority of Merlot in New Zealand comes from which region?
Hawke's Bay (north island)
166
What is the hierarchy of Beaujolais appellations?
Beaujolais AOC
Beaujolais Villages AOC
Beaujolais Cru
167
Which region of South Africa us know for its Bordeaux red blends?
Why?
Stellenbosch
It has mountainous landscapes that range from moderate to warm climate and is influenced by ranging elevation and ocean breezes
168
A wine from Médoc AOC that hasn't been classified as one of Bordeaux's best estates can apply to use a different term called
Cru Bourgeois
169
Where does Prosecco DOC come from?
Veneto, Italy
170
Grand Cru Classé is a labeling term most associated with which wine region?
Bordeaux
171
What 2 areas in South Africa are known for making refreshing Sauv Blanc?
1. Constantia
2. Elgin
172
2 regions in Chile make acceptable to very good quality Sauv Blanc. What are they in ascending order?
1. Central Valley
2. Casablanca Valley
173
What climate does Albariño prefer to grow in?
cool to moderate
174
In which direction do Premier Cru and Grand Cru vineyards in Chablis face?
south/southeast
175
Describe the profile of a warm climate Chardonnay
full body
medium acid
ripe peach/stone fruits
tropical fruits/pineapple
176
What is the climate of Côte d' Or?
moderate
177
How many growing regions are there in Germany?
13
178
What appellation in Australia produces Chardonnay in high volume (and is usually low to medium quality)?
south eastern Australia
179
Name 2 commonly seen Chardonnay AOCs in Mâconnais
1. Mâcon AOC
2. Pouilly-Fuissé AOC
180
Name 2 appellations in Australia known for Sauv Blanc
1. Margret River
2. Adelaide Hills
181
Which appellations in Loire produce quality Sauv Blanc?
1. Sancerre AOC
2. Pouilly-Fumé AOC
3. Touraine AOC
*in descending order of quality
182
What are the typical aromas/flavors of a young Semillon?
green apple
lemon/citrus
grass
183
What 3 appellations in Bordeaux are known for Sauv Blanc?
1. Péssac-Léognan AOC
2. Graves AOC
3. Bordeaux AOC
*In descending order of quality
184
High-volume bulk Chardonnay from South Africa is known to come from the hot inland areas of the
Western Cape
185
Name 3 appellations in Australia where high quality Chardonnay is produced.
What shared feature do they have?
1. Margaret River
2. Yarra Valley
3. Adelaide Hills
*All 3 areas are cooler due to altitude or ocean breezes
186
What is the climate of Sancerre, Pouilly-Fumé and Touraine
cool climate
187
What are Sancerre AOC and Pouillu-Fumé AOC located in relation to one another?
they are across the Loire River from one another
188
What are the 2 regions in France that are best known for Sauv Blanc?
1. Loire
2. Bordeaux
189
What is the typical flavor profile of Sauternes AOC?
apricot/stone fruit (concentrated: extra ripe/dried)
vanilla
creme brulee
caramel/honeycomb (on aged Sauternes)
190
As Chablis is a cool climate, the flavor profile and style of Chardonnays from here will be
dry
high acidity
tart citrus
green apple
river rock
191
Describe the typical profile of Viognier
dry
low to medium acidity
medium to full body
high alcohol
peach/peach yogurt
floral/blossom aromas
can be oaked or unoaked
192
Give a quick assessment of Pinot Noir: color in the glass, acidity, tannin, fruit profile
color: pale to medium
acidity: usually high
tannin: usually medium (can be low)
fruit profile: red fruits such as cherry, cranberry, strawberry, pomegranate
193
Besides Hunter Valley, name one other appellation in Australia know for it Semillon
Barossa Valley
194
What is the most important grape grown in Sauternes AOC?
Semillon
195
Why would an Auslese Trocken Riesling be higher in alcohol than either a Kabinett Trocken or Spätlese Trocken reisling?
Because Rieslings harvested at Auslese ripeness will have more sugar than Spätlese and Kabinett, the yeasts will eat all that extra sugar available in the Auslese giving the wine increased alcohol levels
196
In Burgundy, excellent examples f Chardonnay come from the more northern, cool climate of ___________.
You can also find good examples of Chardonnay further south in Burgundy in the more moderate climate of______________.
Chablis
Mâconnais
197
Are Hunter Valley Semillons typically made in inert vessels or new oak?
inert vessels
198
What is the term on a Hungarian wine label that indicates sweetness level?
puttonyos
199
Where in the English-speaking world is Semillon heavily planted?
Australia- especially in the Hunter and Barossa Valleys
200
Describe the typical profile of Gewürztraminer
full body
low to medium acidity
high alcohol
intense floral notes (rose)
stone fruits (peach, apricot)
tropical fruits (lychee)
no oak
201
What 3 Napa Valley subregions are well known for their Cab Sauvs?
Which one is the warmest?
1. Oakville
2. Rutherford
3. Calistoga (warmest)
202
How many villages within Beaujolais Villages area are Cru?
10
*know Fleurie and Morgan
203
Describe the style of Merlot-based blends from Pomerol AOC and Saint-Èmillion AOC
dry
full bodied
concentrated black fruit
oak
204
In Chile, Cab Sauv is usually blended with which two grapes?
1. Merlot
2. Carmenére
205
Where is Beaujolais in relation to Burgundy?
immediately south
206
Which appellations in Chile are you most likely to find Cab Sauv?
Central Valley: Maipo Valley and Colchauga Valley
207
Which 2 areas in Australia are well known for their high quality Cab Sauv?
1. Coonawarra (South Australia)
2. Margaret River (Western Australia)
208
Describe the general style of Sauv Blanc
dry
high acidity
light to medium body
aromatic/floral
herbaceous (grass, bell pepper, asparagus)
fruits range from gooseberry to passionfruit
most are unoaked
209
Rheingau's vineyards are located on the north or south bank of the Rhine River?
north bank, facing south so they can be exposed to as much sun as possible
210
Structural elements of Zinfindel include
full body
high alcohol
medium to high acidity
medium to high tannin
211
What are some flavors Old Vine Zinfindels from California can develop as they age?
earthy (dried leaves, forest floor)
sanguine (red meat)
212
Describe the different profiles found in just-ripe Riesling vs. extra-ripe Riesling
just ripe: green apple, green pear, sour citrus
extra ripe: stone fruits, tropical fruits, dried fruits
213
What does the liquer de triage do?
initiates secondary fermentation
214
What is the general style of Alsatian Pinot Gris?
deliciously complex and rich in style compared to Italian Pinot Grigio.
Sweetness and body can vary:
dry to medium sweet
medium to full body
fruit profile and acidity are consistent: peach, mango, ginger, medium acidity
215
Describe the profile of a Tawny Port
sweet
high alcohol
full body
dried fruits
oxidative flavors (nuts, caramel)
216
What Italian region does Asti DOCG come from?
Piedmont (NW Italy)
217
What style of wine would one expect from one of the Crus of Beaujolais?
A more structured, more concentrated wine that exhibits just-ripe red fruits and medium tannins
218
List the order of processing for making red wines
1. crushing
2. alcoholic fermentations
3. draining
4. pressing
5. storage or maturation
6. packaging
219
What is the PGI term used in Spain?
Vino de la Tierra
220
What is the IGP used in the south of France?
Pays d'Oc IGP
221
Describe the typical profile of Gamay
dry
high acidity
low to medium tannins
lots of bright red fruits
no new oak
222
What are the rivers of Bordeaux?
Garonne and Dordogne Rivers which flow into the Gironde Estuary
223
What term can a Châteaux use on their label if the estate has been classified as one of the best in Bordeaux?
Grand Crú Classe or Cru Classé
224
What's the one area in California known for its Sauv Blanc?
Napa Valley
225
Which region in Chile is showing promise for making quality Pinot Noir?
Casablanca Valley
*Casablanca Valley is cooled by Pacific breezes and morning fog
226
Morning fog is created by this body of water cools down Carneros
San Pablo Bay
227
What is the typical temperature range for red wine fermentation?
What happens to the yeasts if fermentation temps get too high?
Between 20-32 degrees C (68-90 degrees F)
If fermentation temps go over there's a risk the yeasts will die
228
What cools down Elgin?
altitude
*Elgin is one of the coolest wine growing regions in South Africa
229
What is the PGI term used in Italy?
IGT- Indicazione Geografica Tipica
230
What are the 3 general terms used to describe climate?
Include the average temperature during the growing season for each term
1. Cool (avg temp 16.5C, 62F or below)
2. Moderate (avg temp 16.5-18.5C, 62-65F)
3. Warm (avg temp 18.5-21C, 65-70F)
231
What is the PGI term used in Germany?
Landwein
232
What are the PDO terms used in Spain?
DO
(Denominación de Origen)
DOCa
(Denominación de Origen Calificada)
233
GIs in the EU are divided into 2 classifications
1. PDO (Protected designation of Origin)
2. PGI (Protected geographical indication)
234
What are the PGI terms used in France?
IGP (Indication Géographique Protégée)
VdP (Vin de Pays)
235
What is a GI or Geographical indication?
A GI is a legally delimited vineyard area.
GIs are delimited because grapes that come from particular GIs express distinctive characteristics unique to that area.
GIs can be large like Washington state, or they can be small like a particular appellation, sub-appellation, or even a single vineyard.
236
What are the PDO terms used in Italy?
DOC (denominazione di origine controllata)
DOCG (Denominazione di origine controllata e Garanitia)
237
The majority of the world's vineyards are located between which two of the earth's latitudes?
30-50 degrees north and south of the equator
238
List a vine's annual cycle
1. Flowering (spring)
2. Fruit set (early summer)
3. Vérasion (summer)
4. Ripening (summer/late summer)
5. Harvest (late summer/early autumn)
6. Dormancy (winter)
239
When does fruit set happen?
Describe what happens during fruit set
fruit set happens after pollination, once pollinated a flower develops seeds and starts to grow; it looks like a tiny green berry. these berries will develop and turn into grapes
240
Name some of the common Vitis Vinifera varieties
Sauvignon blanc
pinot grigio
reisling
chardonnay
syrah
grenache
merlot
cab Sauvignon
241
What does the term halbtrocken mean?
slightly sweet
242
Are Rheingau resilings typically drier or sweeter than Mosel resilings?
drier
243
Name 3 appellations in New Zealand that are well suited for Pinot Noir production?
1. Martinborough
2. Marlborough
3. Central Otago
244
Describe the profile of a moderate climate chardonnay
medium to full body
medium to high acidity
ripe citrus
melon (green, orange)
stone fruits
245
Describe the typical profile of a merlot made with just-ripe grapes
dry
light to medium body
medium acidity
medium tannins
red fruit
green bell pepper
246
Describe Rieslings general profile
fruit-forward (apple, peach, citrus)
pronounced floral notes (honeysuckle, blossom)
high acidity
can be made lusciously sweet
can be made light to full bodied
247
Describe the typical Chenin Blanc from South Africa
dry
medium bodied
fruity
lightly oaked
248
What flavor characteristics do Australian Cabernets usually have that make them distinct from Cabernets grown outside of Australia
herbal notes with mint and eucalyptus flavors
249
Describe the profile of merlot made with riper grapes
dry
medium to full body
medium acidity
medium tannins
black fruit
250
Describe the profile of a moderate climate Syrah (from the northern Rhône)
dry
medium body
medium to high alcohol
medium to high tannin
medium to high acidity
fresh black fruit
black pepper
herbaceous
251
When Syrah/Shriaz is used as a blending grape what qualities will it add?
color
black fruit
tannin
252
Which area of New Zealand is known for making quality Cab Sauv?
Hawke's Bay
253
In France, Syrahs most important region is
northern Rhône
254
What grapes are in Cape Blend?
pinotage
merlot
cab sauv
255
What are some of the developing flavors that emerge as Syrah ages?
leather
meat/bacon
earth/mushrooms
256
Describe the general profile of Cab Sauv
dry
medium to full body
high acidity
high tannins
black fruits (plums, currants)
herbaceous (green pepper)
herbal (mint)
*warm/hot climates will show cooked fruit flavors
257
Which region in South Africa is know for its Cab Sauv?
Stellenbosch
258
What is the one grape allowed to be co-fermented with Syrah in Côte Rôtie AOC?
Viognier
*it adds floral aromas and aromatics to lift the peppery syrah
259
What are the weather features in Coonawarra that help it produce outstanding-quality cabernets?
frequent cloud cover
cool southerly breezes
260
Which appellations of the northern Rhône are most important for Syrah?
Côte Rôtie AOC
Hermitage AOC
Croze Hermitages AOC
261
In the southern Rhône, Syrah is generally blended with
Grenache
262
What appellation marks the northern most point where Syrah can ripen?
Côte Rôtie AOC
263
Cab Sauv is the most planted variety in which South American country
Chile
264
Where is Minervois AOC and what is it known for?
in the south of France
known for Grenache/syrah blends
265
Describe the style of Shriaz from Barossa Valley
dry
full body
high tannin
cooked black fruit
black pepper
spicy oak flavors (vanilla, mocha)
intense
266
Describe the profile of a warm climate Syrah/Shriaz from Australia
dry
full body
high alcohol
medium-high acidity
medium-high tannin
ripe, cooked black fruit
anise
267
Describe the style of Hunter Valley Shriaz
dry
medium body
medium to high tannin
fresh black fruit
black pepper
not as intense as Barossa Valley Shriaz
268
The appellation South Eastern Australia is generally known for what kind of Shriaz?
high-volume
affordably priced
bulk
269
What region of France is most important for Grenache?
the southern Rhône
270
What flavors do Grenache [based] wines develop as they age?
meat
earth/mushrooms
dried red fruits
271
Both Main Valley and Colchauga Valley run _________ to_________. How does this benefit winegrowers?
East to west (from the Andes to the Pacific Ocean)
gives winegrowers a vast number of sites from which to select grapes
272
What are the 6 AOCs known for Cab Sauv-based blends in Bourdeaux?
Médoc AOC
Haut-Médoc
-Margaux AOC
-Paulliac AOC
Graves AOC
-Pessac-Léognan AOC
273
Stylistically, how do Syrahs from Crozes Hermitage differ from Côte Rôtie and Hermitage?
Crozes Hermitage will be less complex, less concentrated, and generally less impressive than Côte Rôtie and Hermitage. They will also be less expensive
274
What direction does the steep hill of Hermitage face?
south
275
What are the features of Stellenbosch that allow it to make varying styles of Cab Sauv?
it is mountainous/has varying elevations
moderate to warm climate
276
What is the most important appellation in the southern Rhône for Grenache?
Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC
277
What is an important appellation in the south of France for Grenache-based blends and rosés?
Minervois AOC
278
Which appellation in Spain is known for making full-bodied, high alcohol, robust Grenache-based blends?
Priorat DOCa
279
Where does Port come from?
the Douro region in Portugal; specifically, it comes from the Upper Douro
