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WSET Level 2 > WSET Level 2 > Flashcards

WSET Level 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What style of Port “must” be decanted?

A

Vintage

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2
Q

Which style of sherry is refortified to 17% partially through the aging process?

A

Amontillado

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3
Q

What style of Sherry does not show oxidative characters of walnut and caramel?

A

Fino

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4
Q

Cava refers to:

A

A bottle-fermented sparkling wine from Spain

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5
Q

What is added to a base wine to inaugurate a second-fermentation in a bottle-fermented sparkling wine?

A

Sugar and yeast

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6
Q

Generally speaking, how much will the alcohol of a base wine increase during secondary fermentation?

A

1-2%

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7
Q

The term ‘Classico’ on an Italian wine label indicates:

A

The wine comes from a historic centre of a wine region

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8
Q

What is the main grape of a Valpolicella blend?

A

Corvina

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9
Q

Typical aromas and flavors of Fiano inculde

A

peach, melon, mango

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10
Q

The main grape of Gavi DOCG is

A

Cortese

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11
Q

Gavi DOCG is located in which part of Italy?

A

Piedmont

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12
Q

The grape of Soave is

A

Garganega

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13
Q

Which variety native to Bordeaux is widely grown in Chile?

A

Carmenére

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14
Q

Name the pair of regions that is home to many old vine Grenache

A

Barossa Valley and McLaren Valley

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15
Q

Give the basic description for Grenache grapes.

A

high sugars, thin skins, low acidity

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16
Q

The classic region for Syrah is

A

The northern Rhône

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17
Q

Which region has established itself has a source of distinctively minty Cab Sauv in Australia?

A

Coonawarra

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18
Q

The climate of Bordeaux is best described as

A

Moderate maritime

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19
Q

Which Chilean region typically produces medium-bodied Merlots from high yields?

A

Central Valley

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20
Q

Which river divides Bordeaux into a left and right bank?

A

Gironde

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21
Q

Merlot is originally from

A

Bordeaux

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22
Q

Which AOC is home to the finest examples of Viognier?

A

Condrieu AOC

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23
Q

What contributes most to the stylistic differences between Pinot Gris and Pinot Grigio?

A

Grape-growing choices

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24
Q

What pair of regions in South Africa are famous for Sauv Blanc?

A

Constantia and Elgin

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25
Q

What Bordeaux AOC is home to top quality Sauv Blanc?

A

Pessac-Léognan AOC

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26
Q

What region is considered the heart of Burgundian Chardonnay?

A

Côte de Bueane

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27
Q

Describe a typical warm climate Chardonnay

A

Full body, medium acidity, primary characters of pineapple/banana

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28
Q

Sauternes wines are based on which variety?

A

Semillon

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29
Q

True or False:
A Tokaji wine made from Furmint can be made dry

A

True

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30
Q

Which Prädikatswein translates to “late harvest” in English

A

Spätlese

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31
Q

Naturally high acidity in Riesling means:

A

It is suitable for late-harvesting when conditions are right

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32
Q

What best describes a red Zinfindel?

A

Full body, high alcohol, primary flavor of blackberry

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33
Q

Blending Pinot Noir with other grapes is common in:

A

Champagne

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34
Q

Good examples of Pinot Noir in California are generally not found in:

A

Napa

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35
Q

“Vendanges Tardives” indicates a wine made from:

A

late-harvest grapes

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36
Q

The challenge of low yields is:

A

commercial viability

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37
Q

An ice bucket will efficiently chill a wine if:

A

the bucket is filled with equal parts ice and cold water

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38
Q

How are Reserve Ruby ports different from Ruby ports?

A

Reserve Ruby ports are generally of high quality.

Better grapes are used and they are matured longer than Ruby ports

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39
Q

What are the 3 most important styles of Dry Sherry?

A
  1. Fino
  2. Oloroso
  3. Amontillado
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40
Q

What is the grape in Fino, Oloroso and Amontillado sherries?

A

Palomino

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41
Q

Because of how Amontillado is made (biologically, the oxidatively) what flavors help define it?

A

bread/bread dough/biscuit (like Finos)

nuts/caramel/dried fruits (lik Oloroso)

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42
Q

What is significant or particular about Amontillado sherry and how it ages?

A

Amontillado starts of aging biologically (under flor) but it’s refortified to Oloroso levels (17%). This refortification kills the flor and the wine ends up aging oxidatively.

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43
Q

Besides PX, what are the other styles of sweet sherry?

A
  1. Pale cream (made from Fino)
  2. Medium (made from Amontillado)
  3. Cream (made from Oloroso)
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44
Q

Describe the profile of Fino Sherry

A

dry
low alcohol (for a fortified wine)
pale in color (pale lemon)
notes of green apple
light oxidative notes (yeast, biscuit, almond)

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45
Q

Describe the profile of a Tawny port

A

sweet
high alcohol
full body
dried fruits
oxidative flavors (nuts, caramel)

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46
Q

Describe the profile of Cortese

A

dry
light body
high acid
gentle floral notes (blossom)
light citrus (lemon)
crisp orchard fruit (pear, apple)

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47
Q

Where is Cortese the most important grape variety?

A

Piedmont, NW Italy

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48
Q

Brunello is the name for what in Montalcino?

A

Sangiovese

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49
Q

Why is port always sweet?

A

Fermentation is interrupted and stopped by the addition of alcohol (neutral grape spirit) which kills the yeasts, leaving the wine very sweet and high in alcohol

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50
Q

Describe the profile of Brunello di Montalcino

A

dry
high alcohol
full body
high tannin
concentrated red-fruit profile
always matured in oak (mostly neutral) for long period prior to release (notes of clove, cedar)
great aging potential

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51
Q

Where is the town of Montalcino in Tuscany?

A

southern Tuscany

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52
Q

Corvina is the most important grape in which Italian region?

A

Veneto, in the NE

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53
Q

Name some reasons why a young Barbera is generally more approachable than young Nebbiolo

A

Barbera displays: lower tannin, more ample, plush fruits, many are unoaked and less complex

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54
Q

What is Barbera’s most famous DOCG?

A

Barbera d’Asti DOCG

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55
Q

Describe the profile of Montepulciano

A

dry
high tannin
medium acid
black fruits (plum, cherries)
most affordable with no oak
some concentrated styles will see oak

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56
Q

What is the most famous DOC in Abruzzo for the Montepulciano grape?

A

Montepulciano d’Abruzzo

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57
Q

What are the 2 most prominent grape varietals in Central Italy?

A
  1. Sangiovese
  2. Montepulciano
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58
Q

What is the minimum requirement of lees aging for a non-vintage Champagne?

A

12

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59
Q

Where does Prosecco DOC come from?

A

Veneto, NE Italy

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60
Q

Describe the profile of Sangiovese

A

dry
high tannin
high acid
red fruits (cherries, plums)
dried herbal notes (pizza herbs: oregano, basil)
most simple/affordable with no oak
some concentrated styles of Classico and Reserva will see oak

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61
Q

Which mountain range runs down the length of Italy, basically splitting the country down the middle of the boot?

A

The Apennines

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62
Q

Describe the profile of a vintage Champagne

A

dry
high acid
mature citrus
bruised apple/pear notes
medium to pronounced autolytic aromas and flavors
honey
caramel
mushrooms
extremely age-worthy
benefits from bottle aging

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63
Q

What is the coolest growing areas in South Africa planted to Chardonnay?

A

Walker Bay

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64
Q

Name 2 villages in the Côte dé Beaune that are famous for their Chardonnays

A
  1. Meursault AOC
  2. Puligny-Montrachet AOC
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65
Q

Describe the style of Semillon that is typical for Hunter Valley

A

dry
light bodied
low alcohol
neutral flavors in youth
honeyed and nutty flavors when aged

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66
Q

What white grape goes into Gavi DOCG?

A

Cortese

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67
Q

Describe the character profile of Pinotage

A

dry
medium to full body
medium tannin
high acidity
bright red fruits (strawberry, red cherry, red licorice, crunchy raspberry)
may or may not have oak influence

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68
Q

What is the term for the very youngest style of aged wine in Spain?

A

Joven

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69
Q

Describe a Reserva red wine from Spain

A

dry
softened tannins
developing secondary and tertiary aromas and flavors
-caramel, earth, mushrooms
-both fresh and dried or cooked fruit

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70
Q

Describe the profile of a non-vintage Champagne

A

dry
high acid
under ripe/just ripe citrus
fresh apple/crunchy pear notes
light autolytic flavors/aromas
not particularly age worthy-better drunk young

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71
Q

Besides Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, what other grape in South Africa is widely used in Méthode Cap Classique?

A

Chenin Blanc

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72
Q

What are the 4 most important DOC/DOCGs for Sangiovese in Tuscany?

A
  1. Chianti DOCG
  2. Chianti Classico DOCG
  3. Chianti Classico Reserva DOCG
  4. Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
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73
Q

Describe the profile of Fiano

A

dry
medium to full body
medium acid
peach/stone fruits
melon/tropical fruits
if Sur-lie aged, notes of bread, biscuit, smoke

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74
Q

What central Italian region is famous for Montepulciano?

A

Abruzzo

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75
Q

In which region is Fiano di Avellino DOCG?

A

Campania

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76
Q

Describe the profile of Verdicchio

A

dry
medium body
high acid
fennel/anise
lemon/citrus
green orchard fruit (apple, pear)
developed wines show notes of honey and nuts

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77
Q

Which region in Italy is known for Verdicchio?

A

Marche

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78
Q

Describe the profile of Amarone della Valpolicella

A

dry to off dry
full body
high alcohol (15%+ abv)
high tannin
high acid
dried fruits (figs, raisins, prunes)
ripe red fruits (cherries)

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79
Q

What winemaking technique is widely used in the Veneto region?

A

Appassimento

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80
Q

Name 4 important DOC/DOCGs whose wines are dominated by the black grape Corvina

A
  1. Valpolicella DOC
  2. Valpolicella Classico DOC
  3. Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG
  4. Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG
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81
Q

Describe the profile of Corvina

A

dry to off dry, depending on the DOC/DOCG
light body (Valpolicella DOC) to full body (Amarone Valpolicella DOCG)
low to medium tannin (can be high tannin for Amarone)
high acid
red fruits (cherries, plums, fresh figs)
gentle florals (hibiscus)

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82
Q

What 2 international grape varietals are allowed in Spanish Cava?

What do they add?

A
  1. Chardonnay
  2. Pinot Noir

Both add acidity and fruit character to Cava

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83
Q

Which region in Australia uses Merlot in their Bordeaux red blends?

A

Margaret River

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84
Q

What are the main grape varieties in Sauternes?

A

Semillon and Sauv Blanc

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85
Q

To be labeled Qualitätswein or Prädikateswein, what requirements must the grapes meet?

A

Qualitaswein:
must come from one of the 13 wine regions
grapes must achieve high levels of ripeness than Landwein

Prädikateswein:
must come from on of the 13 wine region
grapes must have a higher level of sugar than Qualitätswein

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86
Q

In what region and country does Primitivo live?

A

Puglia, Italy

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87
Q

Where is Sauternes AOC?

A

it is a sub-region of Bordeaux

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88
Q

Which appellation on New Zealand’s north island is know for Chardonnay?

What is the climate there?

A

Hawke’s Bay

Moderate climate

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89
Q

What region of Chile is known for experiencing Pacific breezes and morning fog?

A

Casablanca Valley

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90
Q

What helps differentiate the 3 dry styles of sherry?

A

length in the solera

environmental conditions around and in the solera, including humidity and heat

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91
Q

What does it mean when a wine is fortified?

A

alcohol is added to the wine to: protect it from spoiling and to bolster its body, warmth and sturdiness

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92
Q

Where is sherry produced?

A

in SW Spain in and around the town of Jerez de la Frontera

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93
Q

List the most ubiquitous styles of port. Of these, which style is going to be the most oxidative?

A
  1. Ruby-style port
  2. Ruby port
  3. Reserve Ruby port
  4. LBV port
  5. Vintage port
  6. Tawny-style port (most oxidative)
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94
Q

What grape goes into Asti DOCG?

A

100% Moscato

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95
Q

What does the final dosage (liquer d’ expédition) do besides top up the bottle?

A

dictates the final sweetness level of the wine

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96
Q

Which region in Argentina has the highest density of Malbec plantings?

A

Mendoza

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97
Q

Describe the profile of Barbera

A

dry
low to medium tannin
high acid
plush red fruits (cherries, plums)
occasional black pepper

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98
Q

Which region of Italy has the highest density of Barbera plantings?

A

Piedmont, in the NW

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99
Q

Which direction do the vineyards of Barolo face?

A

south

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100
Q

Describe the profile of Nebbiolo

A

dry
full body
high tannin
high alcohol
red fruits (red cherry, plum)
gentle florals (violet, rose)
developing aromas include; leather, truffles, tar/tobacco

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101
Q

Which river crosses all of northern Italy, starting in Piedmont and ending in Veneto?

A

Pò River

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102
Q

Describe the profile of ripe Carmenére

A

dry
full body
high tannin
medium to high acidity
black fruits (dark plum, blackberry, black raspberry)
herbal (eucalyptus)
if oak matured, notes of coffee, chocolate, mocha

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103
Q

What style of wine is Recioto di Soave DOCG?

A

a sweet wine made w/ dried grapes

most of which are Garganega using the appassimento process

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104
Q

What is the well known DOCG for Fiano in Southern Italy?

A

Fiano di Avellino DOCG

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105
Q

Nebbiolo is the only black grape allowed in the wines from what 2 Piedmont DOCGs?

A
  1. Barolo DOCG
  2. Barbaresco DOCG
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106
Q

Which mountain range runs along the northern border of Italy, protecting it from very cold, northerly winds?

A

The Alps

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107
Q

In which Italian region are Soave DOC and Soave Classico DOC found?

A

Veneto, in the NE

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108
Q

Soave DOC and Soave Classico DOC are made to

age in bottle for many years?

drink young and fresh?

A

drinks young and fresh

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109
Q

What is the typical range of alcohol in a dry wine?

A

11.5%-16% abv

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110
Q

Name 2 appellations in the southern Rhône known for simple, affordable, and approachable Grenache-based blends.

Which one is more likely to be a touch more complex and interesting?

A
  1. Côtes du Rhône AOC
  2. Côtes du Rhône Villages AOC (will be more complex and interesting)
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111
Q

Describe the profile of Garganega

A

dry
medium body
high acid
peach
light citrus (lemon)
green orchard fruit (pear, apple)

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112
Q

Ribera del Duero is generally warmer and more mountainous than Rioja.

How does Tempranillo from Ribera del Duero differ from Tempranillo from Rioja?

A

Ribera del Duero:
Fuller bodied
higher alcohol
higher in tannins
blacker fruit profile

Rioja:
medium bodied
medium alcohol
medium tannin
red/black fruit profile

113
Q

What grapes are usually blended with Grenache in Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale?

A
  1. Shriaz
  2. Mourvédre
114
Q

Where in Chile are the highest density of plantings of Carmenére?

A

warm and sunny areas of Central Valley

115
Q

What styles of wine is Navarra DO best known for?

A

Dry rosés

116
Q

Which country is most identified with Carmenére?

A

Chile

117
Q

What is the expansive appellation in NE Spain that is known for making high-volume Tempranillo?

A

Catalunya DO

118
Q

Describe the profile of an Argentinean Malbec

A

dry
full body
high tannin
medium acidity
concentrated black fruits
if oak matured, flavors of coffee, mocha, clove, vanilla
if aged, flavors of dried black fruit, cured meat
intensely dark in color, almost purple

119
Q

When Malbec is blended in Argentina, which grapes is it usually blended with?

A

Cab Sauv and merlot

120
Q

In Australia, Grenache is grown and made as a high-quality varietal in these 2 warm places

A

Barossa Valley
McLaren Vale

121
Q

What are the 2 north-central appellations in Spain known for fresh red-fruited wines with Grenache as a component?

A
  1. Rioja DOC
  2. Navarra DO
122
Q

Name the 2 most important appellations in Spain for quality Tempranillo

A
  1. Rioja DOCa
  2. Ribera del Duero DO
123
Q

What is the traditional vessel for aging Tempranillo or Tempranillo
based wines?

A

small, new oak barrels (usually American oak)

124
Q

Where is Crozes Hermitage AOC in relation to Hermitage AOC?

A

Crozes Hermitage AOC surrounds the bottom of the hill of Hermitage.

Crozes Hermitage is on flat land

125
Q

Describe the typical flavor of a red wine from Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC

A

dry
full body
high alcohol
medium acidity
medium tannin
ripe red and black fruits (it’s usually blended)
herbal (thyme, rosemary)
herbaceous (tomato leaf)

126
Q

Describe the steps a base wine goes through for Traditional Method

A
  1. Base wine+yeast+sugar placed in individual bottles kickstart secondary fermentation
    *CO2 and ~1.5 % alcohol created
  2. When secondary fermentation complete, dead yeast cells (lees) start to breakdown, a process called autolysis
127
Q

Of the 2 sections of the Côte d’Or (Côte d’ Nuits and Côte d’ Bueane) which one focuses on Chardonnay production?

A

Côte d Beaune (southern section)

128
Q

What is the typical profile of a California Zinfindel

A

black fruit (blackberry, dark plum)
dried fruits (prune)
oak flavors (vanilla, mocha, clove)

129
Q

Name one South African region that is known for its Pinot Noir

A

Walker Bay

130
Q

Name one South African region that is known for its Pinot Noir

A

Walker Bay

131
Q

Describe the main differences between Pinot Noir from Burgundy and Pinot Noir from California

A

California:
ripe red fruit
higher use of new oak (overt vanilla flavors)

Burgundy
tart red fruits
subtle use of oak (clove/smoke flavors)

132
Q

What is Burgundy’s most northern AOC for Chardonnay?

A

Chablis AOC

133
Q

Discuss Classico and Riserva as defined by Italian wine law

A

Classico: wines are the wines that have been made solely from a historically classified wine region

Riserva: wines are a category that carry specified extended ageing regimen, sometimes in oak or bottle (or both), and are usually higher in alcohol

134
Q

What is optimum fermentation temperature for white wine?

A

Between 12-22 degrees C (54-72 degrees F)

*rosé wines are typically fermented at similar temperatures to white wines

135
Q

What are the PDO terms used in Germany?

A

Qualitätswein
Prädikatswein

136
Q

How does adding sugar to the must before or during fermentation change the final wine?

A

Adding sugar before or during fermentation increases the alcohol level in a wine

137
Q

What is the only white grape varietal allowed in Vouvray AOC?

A

Chenin Blanc

138
Q

Which 2 of the 6 Prädikatswein categories must have Botrytis-affected grapes?

A
  1. Beerenauslese
  2. Trockenbeerenauslese
139
Q

What grape variety is considered to produce outstanding quality red wines in both France and Australia?

A

Shriaz

140
Q

List the order of processes when making red wine

A
  1. crushing
  2. pressing
  3. alcoholic fermentation
  4. storage or maturation
  5. packaging
141
Q

Name 2 villages for Pinot Noir in the Côte de Beaune

A
  1. Beaune AOC
  2. Pommard AOC
142
Q

Describe the profile of a cool climate chardonnay

A

light to medium body
high acidity
green orchard fruit (apple, pear)
tart citrus
river rock

143
Q

Describe the levels of dry-to-sweet scale

A

dry: no sugar or perceptible sugar

off dry: barely-there or a kiss of residual sugar

medium: obvious sugar, but not sweet enough to pair with desserts

sweet: sugar is the main driver of the wine

144
Q

What are the alcohol % levels for a low, medium, and high alcohol fortified wine?

A

low: 15-16.4%

medium: 16.5-18.4%

high: 18.5% and higher

145
Q

When talking about color intensity, what is the difference between “pale” and “deep”?

A

pale:
a white wine that has a wide, watery, almost colorless rim
a red that has a light hue and is mostly see-through from rim to the core

deep:
a white wine with color that reaches or almost reaches the rim
a red wine that has a deep, concentrated color and is near impossible to see through

146
Q

What structural component will make a wine appear fuller bodied?

A

higher alcohol (main factor)
higher tannin
higher sugar

147
Q

What are the alcohol levels for a low, medium and high alcohol table wine?

A

low: below 11%

medium: 11-13.9%

high: 14% and higher

148
Q

What structural components contribute to a wine’s body?

A

sugar
alcohol
acidity
tannin

149
Q

In Burgundy, which direction do the best vineyards face?

Why?

A

south/southeast

to take advantage of as much sunlight as possible to ripen the grapes in this cool-to-moderate climate

150
Q

Describe the profile of Tokaji Aszú

A

full body
sweet
high acidity
fresh/dried fruits
citrus
vanilla
caramel/creme caramel

151
Q

Name 2 famous villages for Pinot Noir in the Côte de Nuits

A
  1. Gevery-Chambertin AOC
  2. Nuits-Saint-Georges AOC
152
Q

Complex, fuller-styled Pinot Gris are sometimes fermented dry. How are they made off-dry?

A

By removing the yeasts through filtration

153
Q

What are the 2 appellations in northern Italy that are known for light, simple, inexpensive Pinot Grigio?

A
  1. Veneto IGT
  2. delle Venezie DOC
154
Q

In Condrieu AOC, is Viognier bottled as a single varietal or is it blended?

A

Always a single varietal in Condrieu

155
Q

What are the 2 distinct styles of Pinot Gris/Pinot Grigio?

A
  1. a simple dry light bodied wine with high acidity (grapes harvested early: Italian style)
  2. A complex, fuller bodied wine with medium acidity and laden with flavor (grapes harvested later: Alsatian style)
156
Q

Which AOC in France is known for it’s high-quality Viognier?

A

Condrieu AOC in the northern Rhône

157
Q

Where in Italy can you find a more structured, fruity, full-bodied style of Pinot Grigio?

A

Fruiuli-Venezia Giulia

158
Q

Why is Rías Baxias DO well suited to the production of refreshing white wines such as Albariño?

A

It is close to or on the Atlantic Ocean, giving the region cool breezes, plentiful rain and clouds

159
Q

Alsace Grand Cru AOP vineyards are found on the sloped hill of which mountains?

Which direction do these vineyards face?

A

Vosges Mountains

east/southeast

160
Q

What 3 famous appellations line in the area known as the right banks?

A
  1. Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC
  2. Saint-Emilion AOC
  3. Pomerol AOC
161
Q

What famous 7 appellations lie in the area known as the left bank?

A

Médoc AOC: Haut-Médoc AOC, Pauillac AOC, Margaux AOC

Graves AOC: Pessac-Léognan AOC

Sauternes AOC

162
Q

What grape varietal is Hermitage renowned for?

A

Syrah based wines

163
Q

Which grape varietal is used to make Meursault?

A

Chardonnay

164
Q

Sweet with high acidity, low alcohol and dried-apricot and honey characteristics best describes

A

Trockenbeerenaulse

165
Q

The majority of Merlot in New Zealand comes from which region?

A

Hawke’s Bay (north island)

166
Q

What is the hierarchy of Beaujolais appellations?

A

Beaujolais AOC
Beaujolais Villages AOC
Beaujolais Cru

167
Q

Which region of South Africa us know for its Bordeaux red blends?

Why?

A

Stellenbosch

It has mountainous landscapes that range from moderate to warm climate and is influenced by ranging elevation and ocean breezes

168
Q

A wine from Médoc AOC that hasn’t been classified as one of Bordeaux’s best estates can apply to use a different term called

A

Cru Bourgeois

169
Q

Where does Prosecco DOC come from?

A

Veneto, Italy

170
Q

Grand Cru Classé is a labeling term most associated with which wine region?

A

Bordeaux

171
Q

What 2 areas in South Africa are known for making refreshing Sauv Blanc?

A
  1. Constantia
  2. Elgin
172
Q

2 regions in Chile make acceptable to very good quality Sauv Blanc. What are they in ascending order?

A
  1. Central Valley
  2. Casablanca Valley
173
Q

What climate does Albariño prefer to grow in?

A

cool to moderate

174
Q

In which direction do Premier Cru and Grand Cru vineyards in Chablis face?

A

south/southeast

175
Q

Describe the profile of a warm climate Chardonnay

A

full body
medium acid
ripe peach/stone fruits
tropical fruits/pineapple

176
Q

What is the climate of Côte d’ Or?

A

moderate

177
Q

How many growing regions are there in Germany?

A

13

178
Q

What appellation in Australia produces Chardonnay in high volume (and is usually low to medium quality)?

A

south eastern Australia

179
Q

Name 2 commonly seen Chardonnay AOCs in Mâconnais

A
  1. Mâcon AOC
  2. Pouilly-Fuissé AOC
180
Q

Name 2 appellations in Australia known for Sauv Blanc

A
  1. Margret River
  2. Adelaide Hills
181
Q

Which appellations in Loire produce quality Sauv Blanc?

A
  1. Sancerre AOC
  2. Pouilly-Fumé AOC
  3. Touraine AOC

*in descending order of quality

182
Q

What are the typical aromas/flavors of a young Semillon?

A

green apple
lemon/citrus
grass

183
Q

What 3 appellations in Bordeaux are known for Sauv Blanc?

A
  1. Péssac-Léognan AOC
  2. Graves AOC
  3. Bordeaux AOC

*In descending order of quality

184
Q

High-volume bulk Chardonnay from South Africa is known to come from the hot inland areas of the

A

Western Cape

185
Q

Name 3 appellations in Australia where high quality Chardonnay is produced.

What shared feature do they have?

A
  1. Margaret River
  2. Yarra Valley
  3. Adelaide Hills

*All 3 areas are cooler due to altitude or ocean breezes

186
Q

What is the climate of Sancerre, Pouilly-Fumé and Touraine

A

cool climate

187
Q

What are Sancerre AOC and Pouillu-Fumé AOC located in relation to one another?

A

they are across the Loire River from one another

188
Q

What are the 2 regions in France that are best known for Sauv Blanc?

A
  1. Loire
  2. Bordeaux
189
Q

What is the typical flavor profile of Sauternes AOC?

A

apricot/stone fruit (concentrated: extra ripe/dried)
vanilla
creme brulee
caramel/honeycomb (on aged Sauternes)

190
Q

As Chablis is a cool climate, the flavor profile and style of Chardonnays from here will be

A

dry
high acidity
tart citrus
green apple
river rock

191
Q

Describe the typical profile of Viognier

A

dry
low to medium acidity
medium to full body
high alcohol
peach/peach yogurt
floral/blossom aromas
can be oaked or unoaked

192
Q

Give a quick assessment of Pinot Noir: color in the glass, acidity, tannin, fruit profile

A

color: pale to medium
acidity: usually high
tannin: usually medium (can be low)
fruit profile: red fruits such as cherry, cranberry, strawberry, pomegranate

193
Q

Besides Hunter Valley, name one other appellation in Australia know for it Semillon

A

Barossa Valley

194
Q

What is the most important grape grown in Sauternes AOC?

A

Semillon

195
Q

Why would an Auslese Trocken Riesling be higher in alcohol than either a Kabinett Trocken or Spätlese Trocken reisling?

A

Because Rieslings harvested at Auslese ripeness will have more sugar than Spätlese and Kabinett, the yeasts will eat all that extra sugar available in the Auslese giving the wine increased alcohol levels

196
Q

In Burgundy, excellent examples f Chardonnay come from the more northern, cool climate of ___________.

You can also find good examples of Chardonnay further south in Burgundy in the more moderate climate of______________.

A

Chablis

Mâconnais

197
Q

Are Hunter Valley Semillons typically made in inert vessels or new oak?

A

inert vessels

198
Q

What is the term on a Hungarian wine label that indicates sweetness level?

A

puttonyos

199
Q

Where in the English-speaking world is Semillon heavily planted?

A

Australia- especially in the Hunter and Barossa Valleys

200
Q

Describe the typical profile of Gewürztraminer

A

full body
low to medium acidity
high alcohol
intense floral notes (rose)
stone fruits (peach, apricot)
tropical fruits (lychee)
no oak

201
Q

What 3 Napa Valley subregions are well known for their Cab Sauvs?

Which one is the warmest?

A
  1. Oakville
  2. Rutherford
  3. Calistoga (warmest)
202
Q

How many villages within Beaujolais Villages area are Cru?

A

10

*know Fleurie and Morgan

203
Q

Describe the style of Merlot-based blends from Pomerol AOC and Saint-Èmillion AOC

A

dry
full bodied
concentrated black fruit
oak

204
Q

In Chile, Cab Sauv is usually blended with which two grapes?

A
  1. Merlot
  2. Carmenére
205
Q

Where is Beaujolais in relation to Burgundy?

A

immediately south

206
Q

Which appellations in Chile are you most likely to find Cab Sauv?

A

Central Valley: Maipo Valley and Colchauga Valley

207
Q

Which 2 areas in Australia are well known for their high quality Cab Sauv?

A
  1. Coonawarra (South Australia)
  2. Margaret River (Western Australia)
208
Q

Describe the general style of Sauv Blanc

A

dry
high acidity
light to medium body
aromatic/floral
herbaceous (grass, bell pepper, asparagus)
fruits range from gooseberry to passionfruit
most are unoaked

209
Q

Rheingau’s vineyards are located on the north or south bank of the Rhine River?

A

north bank, facing south so they can be exposed to as much sun as possible

210
Q

Structural elements of Zinfindel include

A

full body
high alcohol
medium to high acidity
medium to high tannin

211
Q

What are some flavors Old Vine Zinfindels from California can develop as they age?

A

earthy (dried leaves, forest floor)

sanguine (red meat)

212
Q

Describe the different profiles found in just-ripe Riesling vs. extra-ripe Riesling

A

just ripe: green apple, green pear, sour citrus

extra ripe: stone fruits, tropical fruits, dried fruits

213
Q

What does the liquer de triage do?

A

initiates secondary fermentation

214
Q

What is the general style of Alsatian Pinot Gris?

A

deliciously complex and rich in style compared to Italian Pinot Grigio.

Sweetness and body can vary:
dry to medium sweet
medium to full body

fruit profile and acidity are consistent: peach, mango, ginger, medium acidity

215
Q

Describe the profile of a Tawny Port

A

sweet
high alcohol
full body
dried fruits
oxidative flavors (nuts, caramel)

216
Q

What Italian region does Asti DOCG come from?

A

Piedmont (NW Italy)

217
Q

What style of wine would one expect from one of the Crus of Beaujolais?

A

A more structured, more concentrated wine that exhibits just-ripe red fruits and medium tannins

218
Q

List the order of processing for making red wines

A
  1. crushing
  2. alcoholic fermentations
  3. draining
  4. pressing
  5. storage or maturation
  6. packaging
219
Q

What is the PGI term used in Spain?

A

Vino de la Tierra

220
Q

What is the IGP used in the south of France?

A

Pays d’Oc IGP

221
Q

Describe the typical profile of Gamay

A

dry
high acidity
low to medium tannins
lots of bright red fruits
no new oak

222
Q

What are the rivers of Bordeaux?

A

Garonne and Dordogne Rivers which flow into the Gironde Estuary

223
Q

What term can a Châteaux use on their label if the estate has been classified as one of the best in Bordeaux?

A

Grand Crú Classe or Cru Classé

224
Q

What’s the one area in California known for its Sauv Blanc?

A

Napa Valley

225
Q

Which region in Chile is showing promise for making quality Pinot Noir?

A

Casablanca Valley

*Casablanca Valley is cooled by Pacific breezes and morning fog

226
Q

Morning fog is created by this body of water cools down Carneros

A

San Pablo Bay

227
Q

What is the typical temperature range for red wine fermentation?

What happens to the yeasts if fermentation temps get too high?

A

Between 20-32 degrees C (68-90 degrees F)

If fermentation temps go over there’s a risk the yeasts will die

228
Q

What cools down Elgin?

A

altitude

*Elgin is one of the coolest wine growing regions in South Africa

229
Q

What is the PGI term used in Italy?

A

IGT- Indicazione Geografica Tipica

230
Q

What are the 3 general terms used to describe climate?

Include the average temperature during the growing season for each term

A
  1. Cool (avg temp 16.5C, 62F or below)
  2. Moderate (avg temp 16.5-18.5C, 62-65F)
  3. Warm (avg temp 18.5-21C, 65-70F)
231
Q

What is the PGI term used in Germany?

A

Landwein

232
Q

What are the PDO terms used in Spain?

A

DO
(Denominación de Origen)

DOCa
(Denominación de Origen Calificada)

233
Q

GIs in the EU are divided into 2 classifications

A
  1. PDO (Protected designation of Origin)
  2. PGI (Protected geographical indication)
234
Q

What are the PGI terms used in France?

A

IGP (Indication Géographique Protégée)

VdP (Vin de Pays)

235
Q

What is a GI or Geographical indication?

A

A GI is a legally delimited vineyard area.

GIs are delimited because grapes that come from particular GIs express distinctive characteristics unique to that area.

GIs can be large like Washington state, or they can be small like a particular appellation, sub-appellation, or even a single vineyard.

236
Q

What are the PDO terms used in Italy?

A

DOC (denominazione di origine controllata)

DOCG (Denominazione di origine controllata e Garanitia)

237
Q

The majority of the world’s vineyards are located between which two of the earth’s latitudes?

A

30-50 degrees north and south of the equator

238
Q

List a vine’s annual cycle

A
  1. Flowering (spring)
  2. Fruit set (early summer)
  3. Vérasion (summer)
  4. Ripening (summer/late summer)
  5. Harvest (late summer/early autumn)
  6. Dormancy (winter)
239
Q

When does fruit set happen?

Describe what happens during fruit set

A

fruit set happens after pollination, once pollinated a flower develops seeds and starts to grow; it looks like a tiny green berry. these berries will develop and turn into grapes

240
Q

Name some of the common Vitis Vinifera varieties

A

Sauvignon blanc
pinot grigio
reisling
chardonnay
syrah
grenache
merlot
cab Sauvignon

241
Q

What does the term halbtrocken mean?

A

slightly sweet

242
Q

Are Rheingau resilings typically drier or sweeter than Mosel resilings?

A

drier

243
Q

Name 3 appellations in New Zealand that are well suited for Pinot Noir production?

A
  1. Martinborough
  2. Marlborough
  3. Central Otago
244
Q

Describe the profile of a moderate climate chardonnay

A

medium to full body
medium to high acidity
ripe citrus
melon (green, orange)
stone fruits

245
Q

Describe the typical profile of a merlot made with just-ripe grapes

A

dry
light to medium body
medium acidity
medium tannins
red fruit
green bell pepper

246
Q

Describe Rieslings general profile

A

fruit-forward (apple, peach, citrus)
pronounced floral notes (honeysuckle, blossom)
high acidity
can be made lusciously sweet
can be made light to full bodied

247
Q

Describe the typical Chenin Blanc from South Africa

A

dry
medium bodied
fruity
lightly oaked

248
Q

What flavor characteristics do Australian Cabernets usually have that make them distinct from Cabernets grown outside of Australia

A

herbal notes with mint and eucalyptus flavors

249
Q

Describe the profile of merlot made with riper grapes

A

dry
medium to full body
medium acidity
medium tannins
black fruit

250
Q

Describe the profile of a moderate climate Syrah (from the northern Rhône)

A

dry
medium body
medium to high alcohol
medium to high tannin
medium to high acidity
fresh black fruit
black pepper
herbaceous

251
Q

When Syrah/Shriaz is used as a blending grape what qualities will it add?

A

color
black fruit
tannin

252
Q

Which area of New Zealand is known for making quality Cab Sauv?

A

Hawke’s Bay

253
Q

In France, Syrahs most important region is

A

northern Rhône

254
Q

What grapes are in Cape Blend?

A

pinotage
merlot
cab sauv

255
Q

What are some of the developing flavors that emerge as Syrah ages?

A

leather
meat/bacon
earth/mushrooms

256
Q

Describe the general profile of Cab Sauv

A

dry
medium to full body
high acidity
high tannins
black fruits (plums, currants)
herbaceous (green pepper)
herbal (mint)

*warm/hot climates will show cooked fruit flavors

257
Q

Which region in South Africa is know for its Cab Sauv?

A

Stellenbosch

258
Q

What is the one grape allowed to be co-fermented with Syrah in Côte Rôtie AOC?

A

Viognier

*it adds floral aromas and aromatics to lift the peppery syrah

259
Q

What are the weather features in Coonawarra that help it produce outstanding-quality cabernets?

A

frequent cloud cover
cool southerly breezes

260
Q

Which appellations of the northern Rhône are most important for Syrah?

A

Côte Rôtie AOC
Hermitage AOC
Croze Hermitages AOC

261
Q

In the southern Rhône, Syrah is generally blended with

A

Grenache

262
Q

What appellation marks the northern most point where Syrah can ripen?

A

Côte Rôtie AOC

263
Q

Cab Sauv is the most planted variety in which South American country

A

Chile

264
Q

Where is Minervois AOC and what is it known for?

A

in the south of France

known for Grenache/syrah blends

265
Q

Describe the style of Shriaz from Barossa Valley

A

dry
full body
high tannin
cooked black fruit
black pepper
spicy oak flavors (vanilla, mocha)
intense

266
Q

Describe the profile of a warm climate Syrah/Shriaz from Australia

A

dry
full body
high alcohol
medium-high acidity
medium-high tannin
ripe, cooked black fruit
anise

267
Q

Describe the style of Hunter Valley Shriaz

A

dry
medium body
medium to high tannin
fresh black fruit
black pepper
not as intense as Barossa Valley Shriaz

268
Q

The appellation South Eastern Australia is generally known for what kind of Shriaz?

A

high-volume
affordably priced
bulk

269
Q

What region of France is most important for Grenache?

A

the southern Rhône

270
Q

What flavors do Grenache [based] wines develop as they age?

A

meat
earth/mushrooms
dried red fruits

271
Q

Both Main Valley and Colchauga Valley run _________ to_________. How does this benefit winegrowers?

A

East to west (from the Andes to the Pacific Ocean)

gives winegrowers a vast number of sites from which to select grapes

272
Q

What are the 6 AOCs known for Cab Sauv-based blends in Bourdeaux?

A

Médoc AOC
Haut-Médoc
-Margaux AOC
-Paulliac AOC
Graves AOC
-Pessac-Léognan AOC

273
Q

Stylistically, how do Syrahs from Crozes Hermitage differ from Côte Rôtie and Hermitage?

A

Crozes Hermitage will be less complex, less concentrated, and generally less impressive than Côte Rôtie and Hermitage. They will also be less expensive

274
Q

What direction does the steep hill of Hermitage face?

A

south

275
Q

What are the features of Stellenbosch that allow it to make varying styles of Cab Sauv?

A

it is mountainous/has varying elevations

moderate to warm climate

276
Q

What is the most important appellation in the southern Rhône for Grenache?

A

Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC

277
Q

What is an important appellation in the south of France for Grenache-based blends and rosés?

A

Minervois AOC

278
Q

Which appellation in Spain is known for making full-bodied, high alcohol, robust Grenache-based blends?

A

Priorat DOCa

279
Q

Where does Port come from?

A

the Douro region in Portugal; specifically, it comes from the Upper Douro

WSET Level 2 (1 decks)

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