WSET Level 2 Flashcards
In which season do flower clusters form?
Spring
What does the pulp of a grape contain?
Acid and tannins
Which latitudes north and south of the equator mark the growing
30 and 50 degrees
What are the ideal conditions for botrytis/noble rot to grow?
Damp misty mornings and warm dry afternoons
What should you avoid doing before tasting wine?
Avoid eating strongly flavored food or brushing your teeth
Match the description to the red wine (ruby, purple, garnet, tawny)
a. The majority of red wines
b. Red wines with a blue or purple hue
c. Red wines with a orange or brown hint
d. Red wines that are more brown than red
Match the primary aroma categories with the correct descriptors (floral, herbaceous, citrus, tropical
a. Banana, lychee, mango - tropical
b. Blossom, rose, violet - floral
c. Grapefruit, lemon, lime - citrus
d. Green bell pepper - herbaceous
What aromas in a wine are created by post-fermentation winemaking?
Secondary aromas
Which groups of tertiary aromas and flavors are associated with white wines?
Caramel, hazelnut, honey, orange marmalade, almond
What is the structural component in red wines that can sometimes have a bitter taste that lingers at the back of the mouth?
tannin
Arrange descriptors so the order goes from least sweet to most sweet (dry, off dry, medium, sweet)
Dry, Off-Dry, Medium, Sweet
What are the abs measures for low, medium and high alcohol wines?
(low alcohol, medium, high)
Low alcohol below - 11% abv
Medium - 11-13.9% abv
High - 14% abv
True or False: We can describe a wine that has fruit flavors which last for a long time as having a long finish
True
A wine that is high in acidity but lacking in fruit flavor could be described as
Unbalanced
________ flavored food can overwhelm a dry wine.
Highly
True or False: With dishes containing sugar, a good general rule is to select a wine that has a lower level of sweetness than the dish.
False
What characteristics in wine may complement fat or oil in food?
High Acidity
What effect does acidity in food have on wine?
Wine seems less drying, bitter and acidic
What effect does sugar in food have on wine?
Wine seems more drying, bitter and acidic
What is the recommended service temperature for each wine? (Well chilled, lightly chilled, room temperature)
- Sweet 3. Full bodied white
- Sparkling 4. Full bodied red
Sweet wines - Well chilled
Sparkling wines - Well chilled
Full bodied white wines - Lightly
Full-bodied red wines - Room temp
To keep a wine fresh once it’s been opened there are simple systems that you can use. Two of these are:
A _____ system, that removes air from inside the wine bottle with a pump
A _____ system that pumps harmless gas into the bottle and pushes the air inside out as a result.
- Vacuum
2. Blanket
What is cork taint caused by?
A chemical called TCA
Failure of _____ is a wine fault that happens when unwanted oxygen interacts with the wine and oxidizes it.
Closure
True or False: A refrigerated wine will keep its freshness/fruitiness for longer than a wine stored at room temperature.
True
What does a vine need to produce a healthy crop of grapes? Choose all that apply:
( Ethanol, Warmth, Water, Mercury, Carbon dioxide, Nutrients, Salt, Sunlight)
Warmth, water, carbon dioxide. nutrients, sunlight
In correct order, the stages of grape formation and ripening are : flowering, ___, ___, and ripening.
fruit set, veraison
What effects do clouds have on ripening?
Clouds block sunlight, therefore slowing photosynthesis and ripening
True or false: Vines are typically pruned in summer, when the grapes are ripening
False
What does the labelling term Botrytis indicate?
The grapes used to make the wine have been affected by noble rot
What does the labelling term “Eiswein” indicate?
That the grapes have been frozen on the vine prior to pressing
What is a GI?
A legally defined vineyard area within a country
What two categories are GIs in the European Union divided into?
PDO & PGI
Are the appellation below PGIs or PDOs?
a. Appellation d’origine contrôlée -
b. Vin de pays -
c. Denominación de Rigen Calificada
d. Denominazione di Origine Controllata
a. PDO
b. PGI
c. PDO
d. PDO
What is the typical order of events in white winemaking?
- Crushing
- Pressing
- Fermenting
- Storing and maturing
- Bottling and packaging
What is the typical order of events in red winemaking?
- Crushing
- Fermenting
- Draining
- Pressing
- Storing and maturing
- Bottling and packaging
Compared with red wines, what temperature are white wines generally fermented at?
Lower Temperature
Which winemaking process will not add any flavors to red wine?
The grapes used to make the wine were fermented in a concrete vessel
If a winemaker wants to allow small amounts of oxygen to dissolve in wine during maturation, which maturation vessel material would they select?
Oak
What are the possible ways of producing sweet wine?
Adding sweetness to a dry wine
Using grapes with concentrated sugar, causing the yeast to stop fermenting before all the sugar has been converted into alcohol
Killing the yeast by adding alcohol before all the sugar has been converted
Removing the yeast using filtration before all the sugar has been converted
The process of producing dry rose wines by fermenting black grapes with their skin for a shorter period of time is called short _____
Maceration
Rose wines can be made by blending a red wine with a white wine
True
What is the correct term for extracting color and tannins by using a plunger to push the grape skins down into the fermenting grape juice?
Punching down
What flavors does lees contact impart to wine
Biscuit and bread
What does the term ‘Auslese’ indicate?
A dry or sweet wine made from carefully selected extra-ripe bunches
The specific fruit flavors in a Riesling wine vary according to the level of ripeness in the grapes at the time of harvest. What flavors are associated with Riesling made from just Ripe grapes and what flavors are associated with Riesling from extra-ripe grapes? (green fruit, stone fruit)
Just ripe grapes - green fruit
Extra ripe grapes - stone fruit
Which of these GIs produce Chardonnay? (select all that apply)
a. Marlborough, New Zealand b. Burgundy, France c. Alsace, France e. Walker Bay, South Africa
Marlborough, New Zealand
Burgundy, France
Walker Bar, South Africa
What are the characteristics of a typical cool climate Chardonnay?
High acidity and flavors of green fruits (apple, pears), citrus (lemon, lime) and wet stones
What are the characteristics of a typical Sauvignon Blanc?
High acidity and flavors of green bell pepper/capsicum, asparagus, apple, gooseberry
Which PDOs are known for producing Sauvignon Blanc?
a. Mersault AOC b. Pouilly-Fume AOC c. Graves AOC e. Sancerre AOC
b. Pouilly-Fume AOC
c. Graves AOC
e. Sancerre AOC
Match the correct characteristics to Italian style Pinot Grigio and French-style Pinot Gris
a. Simple, unbaked and light in body - _______ Pinot Grigio
b. Typically with short finish - _______ Pinot Grigio
c. Can develop notes of honey in the bottle - _______ Pinot Gris
e. Medium to full in body - ___ Pinot Gris
Which winemaking processes can be used to add secondary flavors to Chardonnay?
Barrel fermentation and maturation
Lees contact
Malolactic conversion
What appellation is permitted to use the labeling term Vendages Tardives?
Alsace AOCa
Which white variety is the only white variety permitted in Sancerre AOC and Pouilly-Fume AOC?
Sauvignon Blanc
What characteristics do Viognier wines typically have?
Pronounced floral aromas (blossom) and stone fruit (peach, apricot)
What characteristics do typical Semillon wines from the Hunter Valley, Australia have?
Dry, list body and low alcohol
Which grape variety is grown in Veneto, italy, and is the most important grape variety in the wines of Soave DOC and Soave Classico DOC
Garganega
True or False: Tokaji Aszu wines are produced in a wide range of styles, dry, off-dry, medium, and sweet.
False
What grape variety is used to make Sauternes?
Semillon
Vouvray AOC, located in the _____ Valley in France is a PDO for the grape variety_____
Loire, Chenin Blanc
What vessels are typically used for the maturation of wines made with Viognier?
Inert Vessels
Which PDO is associated with Albarino?
Rias Baixas DO
The most famous region for Gewürztraminer is Bourgogne AOC in France
False
What does the labelling term Puttonyos indicate?
The level of sweetness in Tokaji Aszu wines
What type of vessels are typically used for the maturation of Pinot Noir
Older oak and/or large barrels
What are the characteristics of a typical Bourgogne Pinot Noir?
A light to medium bodied wine with low tannins, high acidity and fresh red fruit flavors
Which regions are famous for producing Cabernet Sauvignon? (Select all that apply)
a. Stellenbosch, South Africa b. Napa Valley, USA c. Bordeaux, France d. Walker Bay, South Africa e. Margaret River, Australia f. Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand g. Yarra Valley, Australia h. Oregon, USA
a. Stellenbosch, South Africa
b. Napa Valley, USA
c. Bordeaux, France
d. Margaret River, Australia
f. Hawke’s Bay, New Zealand
Which variety of wine is Merlot often blended with?
Cabernet Sauvignon
Which grape variety/varieties is each appellation associated with? (Syrah, Pinot Noir, Cabernet)
a. Cote Rotie AOC
b. Crozes-hermitage AOC
c. Medoc-AOC
d. Pommard AOC
e. Bourgogne AOC
a. Cote Rotie AOC - Syrah
b. Crozes-hermitage AOC - Syrah
c. Medoc-AOC - Cabernet
d. Pommard AOC - Pinot Noir
e. Bourgogne AOC - Pinot Noir
True or False: Cabernet Sauvignon grows well in cool climates
False
What appellations are on the Left Bank and which are on the Right Bank of Bordeaux?
a. Medoc AOC
b. Pauillac AOC
c. Pessac-Leognan AOC
d. Pomerol AOC
e. Saint-Emillion AOC
f. Saint-Emillion Grand Cru AOC
a. Medoc - LEFT
b. Pauillac - LEFT
c. Pessac - LEFT
d. Pomerol - RIGHT
e. Saint-Emillion - RIGHT
f. Saint - Emillion Grand Cru - RIGHT
The Northern Rhone in France and Barossa Valley in Australia are two important regions for which black grape variety?
Syrah/Shiraz
In which climate will Syrah/Shiraz not ripen fully?
Cool climate
What aromas and flavors would you expect in a typical Cabernet Sauvignon?
Black Cherry, Green Bell Pepper, Black Currant and Mint
Which region is the most important region for the production of Gamay?
Beaujolais
What climate does Grenache/Garnacha need to ripen successfully?
Warm climate
Tempranillo is an important blending component in wines from which PDOs?
Catalunya DO
Rioja DOCa
Ribera del Duero DO
What grape variety is the mot important black grape variety in Argentina?
Malbec
What is the only grape variety permitted in the wines of Barolo DOCG?
Nebbiolo
Which PDOs are associated with which styles of wine? (typically a light bodied, a dry to off-dry red wine, a sweet red wine.
a. Valpolicella DOC -
b. Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG -
c. Recioto della Valpolicella -
a. Light bodied
b. Dry to off dry
c. Sweet red wine
In addition to Italy’s PDO and PGI labelling terms, what are the other terms used to describe the quantity of wine?
Classico
Riserva
Which wine is each region associated with? (Cortese, Garnacha, Sangiovese, Nebbiolo)
a. Barbaresco DOCG-
b. Gavi DOCG-
c. Chianti DOCG-
d. Priorat DOCa-
a. Nebbiolo
b. Cortese
c. Sangiovese
d. Garnacha
The labelling terms used in Spain to reflect the style and quality of wine are: ___, Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva
Joven
Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC is in which region of Italy?
Abruzzo
True or False: The first step to producing nearly all sparkling wines is to make a base wine, which typically has medium sweetness and low acidity
False
What sparkling wines use the traditional method in their production?
Champagne
Cava
During tank method production, yeast and ____ are added to the dry base wine. The yeast convert the sugar into alcohol and ____, and to stop this gas from escaping, the second fermentation must take place in a ____ vessel.
Sugar
CO2
Sealed
The _____ is a sediment that forms in the bottle during second fermentation, and can impart flavors of biscuit and bread to the wine.
Lees
What is the correct order of the traditional method? (Dosage, Riddling, Resealing, Disgorgement, Second fermentation)
Second Fermentation Riddling Disgorgement Dosage Resealing
In the traditional method, what is the aim of riddling?
Move the deposit of lees into the neck of the bottle
Which grape varieties typically form the base wine for Champagne?
Meunier
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
True or False: The tank method can be used if the winemaker does not want to add flavors associated with autolysis to their wine.
True
Which sparkling wines are examples of tank fermented sparkling wines?
Prosecco DOC
Asti DOCG
True or False: In the Asti method, the fermentation is stopped by filtering out the yeast before all the sugar has been converted to alcohol, resulting in a wine that is low in alcohol, dry and sparkling.
False
What is fortification?
The addition of alcohol to a wine
What grape varieties are used for the production of Sherry?
Pedro Ximenez and Palomino
Which characteristic is NOT associated with Fino Sherry?
Flavors from oxidative aging
caramel and walnuts
When does fortification take place in Sherry and Port? (Before, during or after fermentation
Sherry - after
Port - during
Dry Sherry styles are Fino, Oloroso and ____
Amontillado
True or False: Port is a fortified wine that is produced in Jerez de la Frontera
False
Which are examples of Ruby-style Ports?
Reserve Ruby Port
Late bottled Vintage Ports
What are the main characteristics of each style of Port? ( Deeply colored, High in tannins, Complex notes of dried fruit)
Ruby, Vintage, Tawny
Ruby style - Deeply colored
Vintage - High in tannins
Tawny - Complex notes of dried fruit
Which Sherry can be dry, have deliberate flavors of oxidation and none from flor, and can develop flavors of raisins and prunes?
Oloroso
True or False:
Vintage Ports are declared every year
False
