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AZ WSET Level 1 > WSET I.1 grape growing/winemaking > Flashcards

WSET I.1 grape growing/winemaking Flashcards

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1
Q

What is wine made from?

A

fermented grape juice from fresh grapes

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2
Q

What are the four parts of a grape?

A

stem, skin, pulp and seeds

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3
Q

What are the two principle types of grapes?

A

black and white

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4
Q

True or False: The color of the pulp and juice in black grapes is different from white grapes

A

False - both have clear juice and pulp

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5
Q

True or False: White grape skins provide tannin and color to the wine

A

False - only black grapes have color and tannin in their skins

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6
Q

What is grape juice made of?

A

water, sugar and acid

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7
Q

Tannins make your mouth feel __________

A

dry

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8
Q

True or False: The skin of black grapes provides acid, sugar and color

A

False - only provides color and tannin

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9
Q

What is fermentation?

A

the process of turning sugar into alcohol

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10
Q

What is needed for fermentation to take place?

A

yeast

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11
Q

Which of the following is/are byproducts of fermentation?

(a) sugar
(b) Co2
(c) acid
(d) alcohol

A

(b) CO2 and (d) Alcohol

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12
Q

What does ABV stand for?

A

alcohol by volume

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13
Q

Fermentation vessels are usually made of ___________

A

stainless steel

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14
Q

What makes a wine dry (during fermentation)?

A

all the sugar is consumed/converted to alcohol

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15
Q

What happens to the CO2 during fermentation of still wine?

A

it escapes through the top of the fermentation vessel

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16
Q

What happens to the alcohol produced during fermentation?

A

it becomes part of the resuting liquid

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17
Q

What makes a wine sweet (during fermentation)?

A

because there is so much sugar, the yeasts die from the alcohol before they convert all the sugar

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18
Q

What is “fortification?”

A

the addition of alcohol during fermentation to kill the yeast before all the sugar has been converted

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19
Q

What are the 3 stages of grape growing?

A
  1. flowering
  2. flowers become grapes
  3. grapes ripen
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20
Q

Grapevines flower in which season?

A

spring

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21
Q

Grapes ripen in which season?

A

summer

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22
Q

True or False: when black grape flowers turn into grapes, they are dark in color

A

false - all grapes are hard and green at this stage

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23
Q

As grapes ripen, which of these does NOT happen (choose all that apply):

(a) grapes swell with water
(b) White grapes change in color from green to clear
(c) Acid levels rise
(d) sugar levels fall
(e) Flavors become fuller

A

(b) White grapes change in color from green to GOLDEN
(c) Acid levels FALL
(d) sugar levels RISE

24
Q

True or False: grape vines like to grow where the climate is warm year-round

A

false - vines grow best in areas where the winter is cold enough for them to rest.

25
Q

If a wine has high acidity, low sugar and tastes out of balance, if might be because:

(a) climate is too warm
(b) climate is too dry
(c) climate is too cool

A

(c) too cool - grapes struggle to ripen

26
Q

Which region is better for growing grapes, northern or southern Australia?

A

southern

27
Q

name some characteristics of wines grown in cool climates

A

lower sugar, higher acid

28
Q

Name some characteristics of wines from warmer climates:

A

higher sugar, lower acid, riper flavors

29
Q

name some examples of cool wine growing areas

A

Germany, northern France

30
Q

name some examples of warm wine growing areas

A

Australia, parts of California

31
Q

Which grape type is grown in cooler and warmer climates, respectively?
White =
Black =

A

white in cool and black in warm

32
Q

what do grape vines need to produce good quality fruit?

a) sunlight
b) shade
c) humidity
d) heat

A

a) sunlight and d) heat

33
Q

True of false: grapes grow best the closer they are to the equator

A

false - too hot with not enough temperature variation

34
Q

List the steps for white wine making

A

crush, press, ferment, maturation, bottling

35
Q

List the steps for red wine making

A

crush, ferment, draining, pressing, maturation, bottling

36
Q

List the steps for rose wine making

A

crush, ferment (short time with skins), draining, final ferment, maturation, bottling

37
Q

True or False: white wine can only be made from white grapes

A

false

38
Q

White grapes are pressed before/after fermentation?

A

before - and then skins are removed before fermentation

39
Q

True or false: before red wine is fermented, the skins are removed

A

false - fermentation with skins provides color and tannin

40
Q

True or false: during fermentation, the skins are pumped over or punched down when making white wine

A

false - no skins present during white wine fermentation

41
Q

True or false: after pressing, red wines can be matured in stainless steel or oak barrels

A

true

42
Q

When making red wine, at what stage is color and tannin extracted?

a) crushing
b) pressing
c) fermentation

A

c) fermentation

43
Q

How long is juice left in contact with skins when making rose?

a) days
b) hours

A

b) hours

44
Q

rose is more commonly stored in

a) oak barrels
b) stainless steel

A

b) stainless steel

45
Q

Which style of wine is made using this order of winemaking processes?

  1. Crush
  2. Fermentation
  3. Pressing
  4. Maturation
  5. Bottling
A

red

46
Q

Which style of wine is made using this order of winemaking processes?

  1. Crush
  2. Pressing
  3. Fermentation
  4. Maturation
  5. Bottling
A

white

47
Q

Which style of wine is made using this order of winemaking processes?

  1. Crushing
  2. Fermentation
  3. Draining after a few hours
  4. Maturation
  5. Bottling
A

rose

48
Q

True or False: Most parts of California are generally considered to be cooler than most parts of Germany and France.

A

false

49
Q

Does the skin of the grape taste sweeter or more bitter when compared to the pulp?

A

more bitter

50
Q

Where are most of the sugars in a grape stored?

A

juice

51
Q

What does skin contribute to wine?

A

color and tannin

52
Q

What does pulp contribute to wine?

A

water, sugar, and acid

53
Q

Which of these describes the alcohol content of the majority of still wines?

a) 8% to 15% abv
b) 12% to 15% abv
c) 11.5% to 14% abv

A

c) 11.5% to 14% abv

54
Q

How long does it take grape vines to reach maturity and begin producing grapes?

a) a few months
b) a couple of years
c) decades

A

b) a couple of years

55
Q

How long can grape vines live?

a) only a few years
b) decades

A

b) decades

56
Q

Grapes are picked in which season?

A

late summer / early fall

57
Q

True or False: Red wines are usually bottled before maturation?

A

false

AZ WSET Level 1 (6 decks)

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