WSET I.1 grape growing/winemaking Flashcards
What is wine made from?
fermented grape juice from fresh grapes
What are the four parts of a grape?
stem, skin, pulp and seeds
What are the two principle types of grapes?
black and white
True or False: The color of the pulp and juice in black grapes is different from white grapes
False - both have clear juice and pulp
True or False: White grape skins provide tannin and color to the wine
False - only black grapes have color and tannin in their skins
What is grape juice made of?
water, sugar and acid
Tannins make your mouth feel __________
dry
True or False: The skin of black grapes provides acid, sugar and color
False - only provides color and tannin
What is fermentation?
the process of turning sugar into alcohol
What is needed for fermentation to take place?
yeast
Which of the following is/are byproducts of fermentation?
(a) sugar
(b) Co2
(c) acid
(d) alcohol
(b) CO2 and (d) Alcohol
What does ABV stand for?
alcohol by volume
Fermentation vessels are usually made of ___________
stainless steel
What makes a wine dry (during fermentation)?
all the sugar is consumed/converted to alcohol
What happens to the CO2 during fermentation of still wine?
it escapes through the top of the fermentation vessel
What happens to the alcohol produced during fermentation?
it becomes part of the resuting liquid
What makes a wine sweet (during fermentation)?
because there is so much sugar, the yeasts die from the alcohol before they convert all the sugar
What is “fortification?”
the addition of alcohol during fermentation to kill the yeast before all the sugar has been converted
What are the 3 stages of grape growing?
- flowering
- flowers become grapes
- grapes ripen
Grapevines flower in which season?
spring
Grapes ripen in which season?
summer
True or False: when black grape flowers turn into grapes, they are dark in color
false - all grapes are hard and green at this stage
As grapes ripen, which of these does NOT happen (choose all that apply):
(a) grapes swell with water
(b) White grapes change in color from green to clear
(c) Acid levels rise
(d) sugar levels fall
(e) Flavors become fuller
(b) White grapes change in color from green to GOLDEN
(c) Acid levels FALL
(d) sugar levels RISE
True or False: grape vines like to grow where the climate is warm year-round
false - vines grow best in areas where the winter is cold enough for them to rest.
If a wine has high acidity, low sugar and tastes out of balance, if might be because:
(a) climate is too warm
(b) climate is too dry
(c) climate is too cool
(c) too cool - grapes struggle to ripen
Which region is better for growing grapes, northern or southern Australia?
southern
name some characteristics of wines grown in cool climates
lower sugar, higher acid
Name some characteristics of wines from warmer climates:
higher sugar, lower acid, riper flavors
name some examples of cool wine growing areas
Germany, northern France
name some examples of warm wine growing areas
Australia, parts of California
Which grape type is grown in cooler and warmer climates, respectively?
White =
Black =
white in cool and black in warm
what do grape vines need to produce good quality fruit?
a) sunlight
b) shade
c) humidity
d) heat
a) sunlight and d) heat
True of false: grapes grow best the closer they are to the equator
false - too hot with not enough temperature variation
List the steps for white wine making
crush, press, ferment, maturation, bottling
List the steps for red wine making
crush, ferment, draining, pressing, maturation, bottling
List the steps for rose wine making
crush, ferment (short time with skins), draining, final ferment, maturation, bottling
True or False: white wine can only be made from white grapes
false
White grapes are pressed before/after fermentation?
before - and then skins are removed before fermentation
True or false: before red wine is fermented, the skins are removed
false - fermentation with skins provides color and tannin
True or false: during fermentation, the skins are pumped over or punched down when making white wine
false - no skins present during white wine fermentation
True or false: after pressing, red wines can be matured in stainless steel or oak barrels
true
When making red wine, at what stage is color and tannin extracted?
a) crushing
b) pressing
c) fermentation
c) fermentation
How long is juice left in contact with skins when making rose?
a) days
b) hours
b) hours
rose is more commonly stored in
a) oak barrels
b) stainless steel
b) stainless steel
Which style of wine is made using this order of winemaking processes?
- Crush
- Fermentation
- Pressing
- Maturation
- Bottling
red
Which style of wine is made using this order of winemaking processes?
- Crush
- Pressing
- Fermentation
- Maturation
- Bottling
white
Which style of wine is made using this order of winemaking processes?
- Crushing
- Fermentation
- Draining after a few hours
- Maturation
- Bottling
rose
True or False: Most parts of California are generally considered to be cooler than most parts of Germany and France.
false
Does the skin of the grape taste sweeter or more bitter when compared to the pulp?
more bitter
Where are most of the sugars in a grape stored?
juice
What does skin contribute to wine?
color and tannin
What does pulp contribute to wine?
water, sugar, and acid
Which of these describes the alcohol content of the majority of still wines?
a) 8% to 15% abv
b) 12% to 15% abv
c) 11.5% to 14% abv
c) 11.5% to 14% abv
How long does it take grape vines to reach maturity and begin producing grapes?
a) a few months
b) a couple of years
c) decades
b) a couple of years
How long can grape vines live?
a) only a few years
b) decades
b) decades
Grapes are picked in which season?
late summer / early fall
True or False: Red wines are usually bottled before maturation?
false
