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WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Flashcards

1
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Californian missionaries planted in

A

1769 in San Diego

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2
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

First commercial Californian wine

A

1824

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3
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Wine Laws

A

Federal - AVAs since 1978. Guarantee source not quality or production methods
State - Varies state to state

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4
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Federal wine laws

A
  • American Viticultural Areas set up in 1978
  • Still evolving
  • AVA’s guarantee source nots quality or production method
  • Anyone can petition to create an AVA of any size (some cover just one winery)
  • ## 85% of grapes must come from within the AVA
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5
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Oregon State Law

A
  • 95% of variety on label

- 100% of fruit from stated AVA

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6
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Washington State Law

A

85% stated variety (same as federal)

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7
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

California and all other states (except Oregon and Washington)

A

75% of stated AVA, variety and vintage

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8
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

New York Wine Laws (state)

A

Up to 35% addition of sugar and water allowed (due to climate)

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9
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Californian regions

A
  • North Coast (Napa, Sonoma, Mendocino)
  • North Central Coast (Monterey & Santa Cruz Mountains)
  • South Central Coast (Paso Robles, Santa Ynez Valley
  • Central Valley (Lodi and bulk wines)
  • Sierra Foothills
  • Southern California
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10
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

California Climate

A
  • 1,100km long so huge climate range
  • UC Davis climate zones based on degree days
  • Irrigated to counter lack of rain
  • Cooling Pacific mists and fog provide temp contrast and humidity
  • Where no fog influence often planted at altitude
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11
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

North Coast Region

A
  • North of SF
  • Warm mediterranean through to cool with Spring frosts
  • Napa, Carneros, Sonoma, Mendocino
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12
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Napa Valley AVA

A
  • Prestigious

- Morning mists from Bay cool climate

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13
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Carneros AVA

A
  • Bottom of Napa and Sonoma

- Specialises in Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and sparkling

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14
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Sonoma County

A
  • With Russian River Valley for quality Pinot Noir
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15
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Russian River Valley

A
  • With Sonoma County for quality Pinot Noir
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16
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Pinot Noir in California

A
  • Sonoma
  • Russian River Valley
  • Carneros
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17
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Dry Creek Valley

A
  • North Coast Region

- Noted for Zinfandel

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18
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Mendocino County

A
  • North of North Coast Region

- Includes Anderson Valley for quality PN, Riesling and Gewurztraminer

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19
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Anderson Valley

A
  • Cool climate subregion of Mendocino County

- Quality PN and aromatic whites (Riesling & Gewürztraminer)

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20
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

North Central Coast

A
  • Monterey County

- Santa Cruz Mountains

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21
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Monterey County

A
  • Cool dry climate
  • Chardonay with crisp citrus character
  • Merlot, rich and dark with firm tannins
22
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

South Central Coast

A
  • East/West mountains facilitate flow of cool ocean breezes
  • Much recent planting as potential recognised
  • Santa Ynez Valley & Paso Robles for fine Zinfandel
23
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Santa Ynez Valley

A
  • fine Zinfandel
    • East/West mountains facilitate flow of cool ocean breezes
  • Much recent planting as potential recognised
24
Q

WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes

Central Valley

A
  • 80% of total production
  • Zones 4 & 5 (hot)
  • Quantity not quality
  • UC Davis created varieties to deal with heat
  • Wine coolers and brandies produced to use excess
  • Lodi in north produces better wines in cooler climate
25
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Lodi
Sub region in north of Central Valley producing better wines in a cooler climate
26
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes UC Davis varieties created to deal with Central Valley heat
- Ruby Cabernet | - Rubired
27
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Sierra Foothills
- Rockies foothills - Hot days and cool nights - Good fruit concentration - Old vine zinfandel - Italian varieties inc Sangiovese
28
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes California disease problems
- UC Davis poor research advised ARX1 rootstock (not phylloxera tolerant) - Half of Napa had to be replanted - Pierce's Disease, carried by sharp shooters is fatal in Southern California
29
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Pierce's Disease
- Carried by sharp shooters - Fatal and incurable - Problem in Southern California
30
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Problem Californian rootstock
- ARX1 - Not phylloxera tolerant - Half of Napa needed replanting
31
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Oregon
- Maritime climate from warm North Pacific Drift - Willamette Valley sub region south of Portland = warm summers mild winters high quality Pinot Noirs also Pinot Gris and Chardonnay - Umpqua Valley & Rogue Valley (south of Willamette) = warmer climate, boutique Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot
32
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Willamette Valley
``` Oregon - sub region south of Portland - warm summers mild winters - high quality Pinot Noirs - Pinot Gris and Chardonnay Sauvignon and Merlot - Constantly improving with clonal selection ```
33
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Umpqua Valley
Oregon sub region - south of Willamette - warmer climate, - boutique pineraies - Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
34
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Rogue Valley
Oregon sub region - south of Willamette - warmer climate, - boutique pineraies - Cabernet Sauvignon & Merlot
35
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Washington State
- 2nd biggest vinifera producing state - Bordeaux varieties, especially Merlot - Also Chardonnay and Syrah - Extreme dry continental climate - Colombia Valley (and Yakima Valley and Walla Walla subregions) - Canoe Ridge (boutique) and Chateau St Michelle (large) producer examples - River water irrigation is essential
36
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Walla Walla
Sub region of Washington State's Colombia Valley
37
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Yakima Valley
Sub region of Washington State's Colombia Valley
38
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes New York State
- 3rd most important grape growing state - Finger Lakes, Hudson Valley and Long Island vineyard areas - Lakes and ocean moderate and warm the climate - Finger Lakes has frost risk
39
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Central Valley Varieties
High yield irrigated blends of: - Colombard - Chenin Blanc - Carignan - Barbera - Ruby Cabernet - Thompson seedless
40
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Zinfandel (Primitivo)
- Californian blends, varietals and blush rose (and bulk blends) - Old vine = rich, full bodied wine
41
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Zinfandel problems
- Uneven ripening leads to some raisining at full ripeness
42
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Zinfandel wine description
- concentrated red berry flavours - High alcohol - some level of residual sugar
43
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Cabernet Sauvignon Regions
- from Central Valley = soft, juicy black cherry with light tannins - Napa top quality - Washington State also high quality
44
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Napa Cabernet Sauvignon
- Fruit left until complete phenolic ripeness creating expressive wine - Poweful toasty flavours from American oak - Sometimes unbalanced with high alcohol
45
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Merlot
- Often cheap with soft tannins and little character - Monterey and Napa high quality with blackberry and plum, velvet tannins and high abv - High quality potential in Washington State
46
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Pinot Noir
``` High quality from: - Russian River (south of Sonoma County) - Carneros (North of Napa) - Santa Barbara (south of Paso Robles) - Willamette Valley (Oregon) Styles from rich, full and fruity to elegant and gamey ```
47
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Chardonnay
- full bodied - High alcohol - obvious oak - hazelnut, butter and exotic fruits - More restrained in cooler regions
48
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Sauvignon Blanc
- Bordeaux style of partial or full oak fermentation and ageing - Fume Blanc indicated oak ageing - Cheap SB shows little varietal fruit
49
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Oak aged Sauvignon from California
Fume Blanc
50
# WSET Diploma United States Wine Regions and Grapes Rhone Varieties
- Recent plantings of Syrah, Viognier and Marsanne | - Market led fashion for Rhone style wines

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