WSET 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is chaptalization?
A
The process of adding sugar to unfermented grape must in order to increase the alcohol content after fermentation
2
Q
Describe anaerobic and aerobic winemaking
A
- Anaerobic means “without oxygen.” Wine will be made in Staineless Steel or concrete and typically quite vibrant and fresh.
- Aerobic means “with oxygen”. Wines are made in oak are always aerobic.
3
Q
What are two factors in food that make pairing with food harder? Give two examples of successful pairings with these components.
A
Sweet and Umami.
Pair:
- Gewurztraminer and spicy Thai or Port and with a chocolate dessert
- Shiitake mushrooms sushi rolls with and unoaked fruity red perhaps Beaujulais
4
Q
Umami in food can make wine taste….
A
Bitter, astringent, higer in alcohol, high in acid
5
Q
What temperature should wine be stored at (long term)?
A
10 - 15c
6
Q
What are the Nobel grapes of Bordeaux?
A
Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Malbec, Petite Verdot
7
Q
What are the main white varietal grown in Bordeaux?
A
Sauvignon Blanc, Semillion, Muscadelle
8
Q
How many grape varietals are permitted to grow in Bordeaux?
A
13
9
Q
Name 3 premium New World Pinot Noir regions in 3 different countries
A
- Willamet Valley, California, USA
- Central Otogo, New Zealand
- Walker Bay, South Africa
10
Q
Explain carbonic masceration
A
Grapes are fermented whole. Tanks flushed with CO2 to start fermentation. Ferments go to 2 or 3% before being removed from skins (fermentation continues after). Makes fresh fruity wines with notes of bubble gum & cinnamon.
11
Q
4 methods of concentrating grape sugars in sweet wine
A
- Ice Wine
- Botrytis
- drying grapes
- late harvest
12
Q
Service temperature of white Bordeaux?
A
10 - 13c
13
Q
Service temperature of Sauternes?
A
6 - 8c
14
Q
What do you observe in the glass with wines that are higher in alcohol and sugar?
A
More viscous + have thicker more persistent legs
15
Q
What is the range in colours you can call a white wine?
A
Green lemon - Lemon - Gold - Amber - Brown
16
Q
What type of climate does Champagne have?
A
Continental
17
Q
What is passerillage?
A
A process in which grapes are air-dried and shriveled after harvest to increase their sugar concentration. This takes place in a dry, well-ventilated area in order to avoid spoilage.
18
Q
Fermentation tempatures:
- White wine
- Red wine
A
White: 12 c - 22 c
Red: 20 c - 32 c
19
Q
Describe Pierce’s Disease
A
Caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, is spread by sap-feeding insects called sharpshooters. When the bacterium invades the water-conducting vascular tissues (xylem) in grapevines, the vines respond with distinct, characteristic symptoms.
20
Q
How do you identify Downy Mildew and what is it?
A
Oil spots on leaves, a fungus
21
Q
What can happen to your vines under 20 c? What can you do to help manage?
A
Vines can be damaged or die. You can cover with earth to protect from cold.
22
Q
Risk of mild winters?
A
No dormant period for vines
23
Q
Name the sub-region in the Loire Valley with the smallest production
A
Central Vineyards
24
Q
Name two AOP’s in Loire Valley that are known for Sauvignon Blanc
A
Pouilly Fume and Sancerre in Central Vineyards
25
What grape is Sancerre Rouge
Pinot Noir
26
What is the longest river in France?
The Loire
27
Rosé de Loire and Cremant de Loire are primarily produced in what areas?
Anjou and Saumur
28
What are the four main sub-regions of Loire?
Central Vineyards, Touraine, Anjou-Samur, and Nantais
29
What climate does Central Vineyards in the Loire Valley have?
Continental Climate
30
Name a village in Sancerre
Chavignol
31
What is Menetou-Salon known for?
Sauvignon Blanc, that's style is similar to Sancerre and Pouilly Fumé but at a lower price point
32
Where is the Majority of Sauvignon Blanc grown in The Loire Valley?
Touraine
33
What is White Touraine made from?
Sauvignon Blanc
34
What grape is responsible for the greatest white wines in both Touraine and Anjou-Samur
Chenin Blanc
35
What are the characteristics of Chenin Blanc in the Loire Valley?
High acid, non-aromatic. Common to ripen unevenly
36
What type of Chenin Blanc is made in Vouray?
Rarely matured in oak, grown on clay soils, light to medium body wines
37
What two regions in the Loire Valley have a similar climate and soils to Vouray?
Anjou and Saumur
38
What type of Chenin Blanc is Saumur renowned for?
Traditional Method sparkling
39
What type of Chenin Blac is Anjou known for?
Dry. Often aged in oak.
40
Why is there no Noble Rot is Savenniers? What type of Chennin Blanc does this region produce?
Air flow prevents Nobel Rot.
| Full body, dry style, typically suitable for aging.
41
Name a AOP in Loire Valley that is renowned for sweet wines.
Coteaux du Layon. Located in the sheltered valley of River Layon.
42
What are two of the most favoured sites in Coteaux du Layon?
Quartz de Chaume & Bonnexeaux
43
What grape is Muscadet and Melon de Bougogne?
Melon Blanc
44
Characteristics of Melon Blanc
Ripens early, frost resistant
45
Where is the vast majority of Melon Blanc grown in the Loire Valley?
Nantais (south of Loire, close to Atlantic)
46
The best Melon Blanc comes from?
Muscadet Sevre et Maine
47
What is the maximum abv allowed in Mucadet?
12%
48
What vessels are used in Muscadet?
Traditionally large oak vessels. Today concrete and stainless steel most common
49
Explain Muscadet Sur Lie
Typically from Muscadet Sevre et Maine. Bottled in spring after spending the winter on lees.
50
Why is Cabernet Franc suitable to grow in Loire Valley?
flowers and ripens early making it ideal to grown in cooler regions
51
What regions in Tourraine is Cab Franc primarily grow in?
Chinnon, Bougueil, and Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil
52
Saumur and Saumur-Champigny typically make what style Cabernet Franc?
Light in body and tannins. Wines from Saumur are typically drink you and you can served chilled. There are a few producers in this region making fuller body Cab Franc suitable for aging.
53
What area in The Loire Valley is Rosé mainly produced?
Anjou- Saumur
54
What areas in the Loire Valley can Rose de Loire be produced?
Anjou-Saumur and Touraine (mainly in Anjou-Saumur)
55
What are the characteristics of Rose de Loire?
Always dry. Minimum 30% Cabernet Franc or Cabernet Sauvignon
56
The highest quality rosé in Anjou-Saumur is?
Cabernet d'Anjou
57
What is the primary grape in Rose d'Anjou
Grolleau
58
What is the only grape in Sancerre Rosé?
Pinot Noir
59
Characteristics of Sancerre Rose?
Pale, dry, delicate
60
What winemaking techniques can be used to make Rosé in the Loire Valley?
Direct press or short maceration
61
What vessel is rose in the Loire Valley typically fermented in?
Inert temperature control vessels
62
What fermentation method is used to soften the tannins in Carignane?
Semi-carbonic masceration
63
What grape is Rose d'Anjou primarily made out of?
Grolleau
64
What ocean does Langudoc lie along?
Mediterranean Sea
65
The three main areas of Southern France are?
Langedoc, Roussillion, Provence
66
What is the climate in Southern France?
Warm Meditteranean
67
Describe tramontane
a strong, dry cold wind from the north (on the Mediterranean) or from the northwest (in lower Languedoc, Roussillon, Catalonia and the Balearic Islands).
In Langudoc it blows through Massif Central and Pyrenees.
68
What is the biggest grape-growing problem in Southern Franc?
Drought
69
What are 5 red grapes commonly grown in Southern France?
Grenache, Syrah, Carignan, Cinsault, Mouverdre
70
Common international grapes grown in Southern France
Merlot & Cabernet Sauvignon
71
What are the two most popular white grapes grown in Southern France?
Chardonnay & Sauvignon Blanc
72
What is Langudocs only white wine region?
Picpoul de Pinet
73
Can grapes other than Picpoul be grown in Picpoul de Pinet?
Yes but they may not put AOC on lable
74
What are the most popular local white varietals grown in southern France?
Muscat and Grenache Blanc.
75
What grape do they predominantly use for fortified wines in Southern France?
Muscat
76
Describe a wine made from Picpoul from Languedoc
Refreshing acidity, green fruit, citrus
77
What can only the best sub-regions in Languedoc put on their labels?
Their name, along side Languedoc AC
78
Name two sub-regions in Languedoc that have their own set of regulations:
Cotes du Roussillon & Minervois
79
What is the mass majority of wine that comes from Languedoc? What are their grapes?
Red wine. Made predominately from Carignane, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre
80
What black grape do the cooler areas in Languedoc grow best?
Syrah
81
What type of topography does Coted du Roussillion have?
Rugged & Mountainous.
82
What is the name of the wind that affects Corbieres?
Tramontane
83
From North/East to South/West name the main sub-regions in Languedoc?
Picpoul de Pinet, Minervois, Corbieres,Limoux, Fitou, Cotes du Roussillion Villages, Cotes du Rousillion
84
What are the mountain ranges that affect growing conditions in Southern France?
Alps, Massif Central, Pyrenees
85
Best sub-region in Corbieres (Languedoc)
Boutenac
Red wine appellation. Created in 2005. Lies between two rivers. Carignane, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre.
86
Best sub-region in Minervois (Languedoc)
La Liviniere
- red wine appellation. Carignane, cinsault, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre
87
What mountain range is Minervois (Languedoc) situated on?
Massif Central
88
Describe Provences landscape
Varied, broken up by hills
89
What is the name of the wind affects provence
Mistral
90
What characteristics do Roses from Provence usually have?
Pale in colour, light-bodied, dry. Notes of grapefruit and red fruit.
91
What grapes do the best white wines from Provence use?
Rolle (vermentino) & Clairette
92
What is the largest appellation in Provence?
Cotes de Provence
93
What is Bandol (Provence) known for?
Premium Mouvedre. Requires bottle age.
94
How many Grand Crus are there in Cote D'or?
33
95
What is the only village in Cote de Beaune that is 100% Aligote?
Bouzeron
96
What is the only Grand Cru is Cote de Beaune that produces red wine?
Corton
97
4 key villages of Cote de Nuits:
Gevrey-Chambertin, Vougeot, Vosne-Ramanee, Nuits-St-Georges
98
What is the climate in Burgundy?
Continental. Ranging from cool Continental to Moderate Continental.
99
What is the mountain range to the West of Cote d'or?
Massif Central
100
What weather pattern frequently disrupts flowering and harvest in Burgundy?
rain
101
What grape in Burgundy is most susceptible to Grey Rot?
Pinot Noir
102
Where would you find a Grand Cru in Burgundy? Why?
Mid slope. Less risk of frost, extended sun exposure, less fertile soils.
103
What direction are the highest quality vinyards in Burgundy typically facing
South or East.
Provides protection from Westernly winds.
104
What is the most important grape grown in Cote d'Or
Pinot Noir
105
The best Pinot Noirs is Burgundy typically spend how much time in barrel?
16 - 18 months
106
Describe Chardonnay characteristics in Chablis, Cote d'Or, and Maccaonise?
Chablis - Lean, stealy, high acid
Cote d'or - expressive, complex
Macconaise - Fuller body, ripe fruit
107
What Chardonnay winemaking techniques did Burgundian winemaker pioneer?
- Barrel Fermentation & aging (Typically aged 6-9 months)
- Malolactic Fermenting white
- Use of lees while aging
108
Besides Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, what are two other varietals commonly grown in Burgundy?
Aligote and Gamay
109
What is the only red grape allowed to be used at Village level or above in Burgundy?
Pinot Noir
110
The best vinyards in Chablis are facing which direction?
South (on hillsides)
111
What are lesser vineyards in Chablis called?
Petite Chablis
112
What major climate problem do vineyards in Chablis face? What efforts are made to mitigate this problem?
Frost. Sprinkles and heaters.
113
What vessels are commonly used in Chablis for fermentation?
Oak and stainless steel
114
What are the four main appellations of Burgundy?
Chablis, Cote d'Or, The Cote Chalonnaise, Maconnais
115
What are the two main regions of Cote d'Or? What is each region known for?
Cote de Nuits - Pinot Noir
| Cote de Beaune - Chardonnay
116
What is the only Grand Cru in Cote de Nuits that can produce red wine?
Musigny
117
What % of wine in Burgundy comes from regional appellations?
50%
118
What are the most generic appellations in Burgundy?
Bourgogne Rouge & Bourgogne Blanc
119
Name 3 regional appellations in Burgundy?
Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Nuit, Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Beaune, Bourgogne Cotes Chalonnaise
120
What are the regional appellations in Maconnaise?
Macon & Macon Villages
121
Name 5 commune appellations in Burgundy:
Chablis, Gevrey-Chambertin, Puligny Montrachet, Volnay, Pommard, Pouilly Fuisse, Marsannay
122
What are single-vineyard appellations called in Burgundy?
Premier Cru and Grand Cru
123
Define monopole?
One owner/producer for a vineyard
124
Are Burgundian Premeir Crus aloud to blend?
Yes, but only from other premier crus within a village
125
Grand Cru vineyards account for little more than _____ % of Burgundy's wine production.
1%
126
How many Grand Crus are there in Chablis?
1 ( called Chablis Grand Cru - 7 climats within this Grand Cru)
127
From North to South what are the most important villages of Cote de Beaune?
- Aloxe-Corton (Grand Crus: Corton & Corton Charlemagne)
- Beaune
- Pommard
- Volnay
- Meursault
- Puligny-Montrachet (Montrachet)
- Chassagne-Montrachet (Montrachet)
128
From North to South what are the most important villages in Cote de Nuits?
- Gevrey-Chambertin (Grand Cru: Chamberin, Charmes-Chambertin + )
- Vougeot (Clos de Vougeot)
- Vosne-Romanee (Romanée-Conti, Romanée Saint-Vivant, La Romanée, La Tâche, La Grande-Rue et Richebourg)
- Nuits st-Georges
129
Name 2 Grand Crus within Gevery Chambertin:
Chamberin, Charmes-Chambertin
130
How many Grand Crus does Cotes de Beaune have?
8
131
How many Grand Crus does Cote de Nuits have?
24
132
Which two villages share the Montrachet Grand Cru? (Cote de Beaune)
Puligny-Montrechet & Chassange-Montechet
133
What is the differences in rules between Cote de Nuits Villages and Cotes de Beaune?
Cotes de Nuits can produce red or white wine. Cote de Beaune can only be red.
134
What are the geographical factors of Bourgongne Hautes cotes de Nuits & Bourgogne Hauts Cotes de Beaune? How does this affect the wine.
Higher altitude, cold strong winds (cooler climate). Wines have less body & concentration.
135
What are the main grapes grown in Cote Chalonnaise?
Chardonnay & Pinot Noir
136
What are the 4 main village appellations of Cote Chalonnaise?
- Rully (Important for sparkling wine)
- Mercurey (highest reputation red wines in Chalonnaise)
- Givry (reds in smallest villages admired)
- Montagny (only white)
137
How many Grand Crus in Cote Chalonnaise?
0
138
What are some factors that make Cote Chalonnaise less prestigious than Cote d'Or?
- Less consistent East facing aspect
| - Higher altitude = Later harvest + less reliable for ripening
139
What term applies to all wine made in Cote Chalonnaise made from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay?
Bourgogne Cote Chalonnaise
140
What is the most planted grape is Maconnais?
Chardonnay
141
What is the main grape for red wine in Maconnais?
Gamay
142
What wines is Maconnais most known for?
Pouillsy-Fuisse (Chardonnay) and Saint-Veran (Chardonnay)
143
What is the only grape permitted in Saint-Veran?
Chardonnay
144
Describe a white wine from Macon?
Fresh apple, Citrus fruit, M acidity, M to full body, possible hint of creaminess
145
Can you blend wines labelled Macon Village?
Yes, as long as its from another village
146
What are the two most famous regions in Maconnaise?
Pouilly-Fuise and Saint-Veran
147
What is the name of the slope Pouilly-Fume and Saint-Veran are planted on?
Rouche-de-Solutre
| - predominantly limestone + East and Southeast aspect)
148
Why are Pouilly-Fuse and Saint-Veran vinyards prized above the rest of Maconnaise?
East and South-East facing aspect, amphitheatre shapes slopes act as a sun trap (producing some of the richest and ripes Chardonnay in Burgundy)
149
What is the most popular grape in Beaujolais?
Gamay
150
What type of climate does Beaujolais have?
Warm Continental
| - Borderline because it has influences from the Mederteranian Sea
151
In Beaujolais, what type of soil is the best Gamay grown on?
Granite
152
Why is Gamay perfect to be grown in Beaujolais?
Early budding & ripening / granite soils
153
Why would you want to grown Gamay on Granite soils?
Gamay can produce large yields. Granite is a low nutrient soil that helps limits yield making more concentrated grapes
154
What is the traditional pruning method used in Beaujolais? Describe it
Gobelet. Vines pruned to spurs around the head, then shoots tied together vertically
155
Describe a hypothetical wine made from Gamay:
Low tannin, light body, rasperry, cherry, potentially bubble gum and cinnamon
156
What are the appellations in Beaujolais?
Beaujolais, Beaujolais Villages, Beaujolais Crus
157
What is the main river in Beaujolais?
River Soane
158
What styles of fermentation are used in Beaujolais?
Carbonic, semi-carbonic, crushed fruit fermentation
159
What day can Beaujolais Neuveau be released? When must it be removed from shelves?
Released the third Thursday of November.
| Must be off Shelves by August 31st.
160
How long is the fermentation process for Beaujolais Nouveau?
4-6 days
161
What appellation can Beaujolais Nouveau not fall under?
Beaujolais Crus
162
How many Beaujolais villages are there?
39
163
How many Beaujolais villages are entitled to their own appellation?
10 = Beaujolais Crus
164
Name 4 Beaujolais Crus:
Brouilly, Morgon, Fleurie, Moulin-a-vent
165
What Beaujolais Crus does the most structured Gamay with potential for aging come from?
Moulin-a-vent & Morgon
166
What style of Beaujolais are Brouilly and Fleurie known for?
Lighter more perfumed
167
What is the primary red grape of Bandol?
Mouvedre
168
“Lip stinger” is the translation of what southern French white grape
Picpoul
169
Name 2 VDN wine regions in southern France
Languedoc-Roussillon Muscats and Maury Doux
170
How are carbonic and semi carbonic maceration different?
Carbonic fermentation the grapes or put in whole and tanks and flushed with CO2. When alcohol in grapes get to around 2% the skins split. I believe pressed off skins around 4%. Semi Carbonic grapes are put in whole with no CO2 flush. The weight of the grapes in the tank crushes the bottom grapes, releasing juice starting fermentation. The juice creates CO2 which rises and ferments the grapes above.
171
What is another name for the grape Rolle?
Vermentino
172
Best sites in Nothern Rhone?
Steep slopes near the river with South facing aspect. Often lying in lateral valleys that feed into Rhone River.
173
What is the climate in Nothern Rhone?
Moderate Continental
174
The name of the cold northerly winds in North Rhone?
Mistral
175
What are the two major grapes grown in Northern Rhone?
Syrah & Viognier
176
What is the only black grape varietal grown in Northern Rhone?
Syrah
177
Is there rules for oak use in Nothern Rhone?
No. Up to the winemaker's discretion.
178
Describe a Viognier from Nothern Rhone?
Full-bodied white wine with perfumed aromas of blossom and apricot.
Tend to be low acidity and high alcohol as grapes do not develop signature aromas until late in the season,
179
What fermentation vessel is typically used on Viognier in Northern Rhone
oak
180
What two white grapes are typically blended together is Northern Rhone? Why?
Roussanne & Marsanne
| - Marsanne has richness and weight, Roussanne has acidity and perfumed fruit characteristics
181
What style of white wine can be aged in Northern Rhone
Rousanne Marsanne.
Can have hazelnut aromas
182
What is the largest Cru in Northern Rhone? What is teh second largest?
- Saint-Joseph
| - Croz-Hermitage
183
What is the most Northen appelation in Nothern Rhone?
Cote Rotie
184
What region in Northern Rhone translates to "Roasted Slopes"?
Cote Rotie
185
What style of wine is made in Cote Rotie?
Only red wine from Syrah is made. Deep coloured, full-bodied, spicy
186
How much Viognier is allowed to be blended in Cote Rotie?
Up to 20%
187
What style of wine is made in Condrieu?
White wines made from Viognier
188
What is the name of the monopole within Condrieu?
Chateau Gillet
189
Where would you find Saint-Joseph?
In Nothern Rhone along the western bank of the Rhone
190
What grapes are grown in Saint-Joseph?
Syrah, Roussanne, Marsanne
191
Where are the best vineyards in Saint-Joseph?
Terraced vineyards near Tournon
192
What grape is used to make the vast majority of wine in Saint-Joseph
Syrah
193
What style of fermentation is commonly used on volume wine in Saint-Joeseph?
Carbonic Masceration
194
What cru in Nothern Rhone is known for sparkling wine?
Saint-Perey
195
What is the most famous appellation in Nothern Rhone?
Hermitage
196
What town in Hermitage behind?
Tain-l'hermitage
197
What is the name of the appellation in Nothern Rhone that is a steep hill overlooking the Rhone on the Right bank?
Hermitage
198
Fullest body red wine in Northern Rhone typically comes from?
Hermitage
199
What are the white grapes that can be blended into red wine in Northern Rhone? How much is allowed?
Roussanne & Marsanne. 15%
200
White wine from Rousanne and Marsanne accounts for how much total production in Hermitage?
1/5th
201
What is the name of the sweet wine made in Hermitage?
Vin de Palle
202
What is the most important appellation in terms of volume in Nothern Rhone?
Crozes-Hermitage
203
What wine is made in Crozes-Hermitage?
Red wine made from Syrah. 15% Rousanne Marsanne is allowed to be blended in.
204
What is the main difference between the Northern and Southern vineyards in Crozes-Hermitage?
Northern vineyards are on slopes. Southern vineyards on flat plains.
205
Is white wine produced in Crozes-Hermitage?
Yes
206
What is the most Southernly red cru in Nothern Rhone?
Cornas
207
What is the only grape allowed to be grown in Cornas?
Syrah
208
Describe the landscape of Cornas
Natural amphitheatre - sheltered, well-exposed, sun-baked, South facing slopes
209
What area in Nothern Rhone has a similar style wine to Hermitage?
Cornas
210
Name the 6 major appellations in Nothern Rhone from North to South.
Cote Rotie, Condrieu, Saint Joseph, Croze-Hermitage, Hermitage, Cornas
211
What is the name of the two towns Nothern Rhone sits in between?
Vienne & Valence
212
Does North or South Rhone have a greater vineyard area?
South
213
What style of wine is dominant in Southern Rhone?
Red wine
| there are some high quality white and rosés
214
What are the big stones in Southern Rhone vineyards called?
Gallet
215
What is a major difference in Terrain in Southern Rhone compared to Northern Rhone?
Southern Rhone is much flatter
216
What is the climate of Sothern Rhone?
Mediterranean
Mild winters + Warm dry summers
217
What weather pattern can be a problem in Southern Rhone?
Drought
218
Why is Mistral stronger in Southern Rhone? Why steps are taken to help with this?
Fewer slopes to stop the wind.
| Windbreakers are planter, Grenache bush trained, Syrah trellised.
219
How many grapes are typically in a Southern Rhone Red?
a dozen or more
220
What is the most popular red grape in Southern Rhone?
Grenache
221
What two red grapes play a supporting role to Granache in Southern Rhone?
Syrah & Mouvedre
222
What red grape thrives in the hottest sites in Southern Rhone?
Mouvedre
223
What is the grape Cinsault best known for in Southern Rhone?
Fresh fruity rosés + supporting grape in red blend
224
What must all winemakers in Southern Rhone know how to manage in the wine?
High alcohol and high tannins
225
Describe two ways you could make wine in Southern Rhone?
- Cold press fermentation and storage in stainless steel
| - Warm extractive fermentation in open fermenters, matured in old large oak
226
What are two fermentation methods used in Southern Rhone?
Cold pre-fermentation maceration & Warm extractive fermentation
227
What style of red wine comes from Southern Rhone?
Light to Medium body, fresh fruity, with low tannin to full-bodied, with notes of earth, spice, meat
228
Name the three main white grapes grown in Southern Rhone:
Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Bourboulenc
229
What appellation accounts for half of the entire wine production in Southern Rhone?
Cotes du Rhone
230
Other than red wine what other styles of wine come from Southern Rhone?
Fruity rosés and white wine
231
What is the difference between Cotes du Rhone and Cotes du Rhone Villages?
- More prestigious areas within Cote du Rhone. (Best wines outside of crus.)
- Stricter regulations include minimum alcohol levels, max yields, greater % of grenache, Syrah, Mouvedre
- Wines have more structure than Cotes du Rhone
232
What does every named village in Cotes du Rhone have the option to do?
Apply for Cru status
233
Where is Chateauneuf-du-Pape located?
In Southern Rhone on East bank
234
Why is Chateauneuf-du-Pape historically important?
It was one of the first crus in France
235
What is the largest cru in the Rhone Valley
Chateauneuf-du-Pape
236
How many grape varietals are allowed in Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
13 varietals
237
What is the most dominant grape in Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
Grenache
238
Describe the landscape in Chatauneuf-du-Pape?
Fairly flat with small variations in aspect.
239
What are the two crus in Southern Rhone on the West bank?
Tavel & Lirac
240
What are rosés in Tavel & Lirac mainly made of?
Grenache & Cinsault
241
What cru in Southern Rhone can only make rosés?
Tavel
242
What cru is red wine in Lirac similar to?
Chateauneuf-du-Pape
243
Other than Tavel, Lirac, and Chateauneuf-du-Pape what are two notable crus in Southern Rhone and where are they located?
Gigondas & Vacqueyras . Both NE of Chateauneuf-du-Pape
244
What cru in Sothern Rhone does notable fortified wine come from?
Muscat de Beaunnes-de-Venise (makes vin du natural)
245
What two cities are Southern Rhone between?
Montelimar & Nimes
246
Name 6 notable crus in Southern Rhone?
Gigondas, Muscat de Beaunnes-de-vinise, Vaqueyras, Chateauneuf-du-Pape, Lirac, Tavel
247
What is the overall climate of Germany?
Cool Continental (South is warmer)
248
What is Pinot Noir in Germany called?
Spatburgunder
249
Where are the best sites in Germany found?
Steep, stoney, south-facing slopes.
250
How are vines in Germany traditionally pruned?
Head pruned
251
What areas in Germany make wines with Nobel Rot
all areas
252
What is two benefits of planting near rivers in Germany?
Reflection of sun + air movement from flowing river
253
How are wines in Germany classified?
By must weight
254
What is the most widely planted grape in Germany?
Riesling
255
Dry styles of Riesling in Germany are often labled?
Qualitatswein
256
What does "GG" stand for
Grosses Gewachs
257
Which Pradikat levels is it possible to make a dry wine?
Kabinett, Spatlese, Auslese
258
What are some common qualities of Kabinett?
light body, high acidity, flavours of green apple and/or citrus, 8-12% alcohol
259
What is Sussreserve?
When German Riesling is sweetened after fermentation. Not used on high-quality wine.
260
What technique is used on the best sweet styles of Kabinett
Fermentation is stopped early to naturally retain sugars
261
Kabinett alcohol levels range from?
8% (sweet) to 12% (dry)
262
What are some defining characteristics of Spatlese
More concentrated, riper, (little more) body and alcohol than Kabinett. Citrus & stone fruit
263
Can Auslese be affected by Nobel Rot?
yes
264
Which Pradikat level is it essential to have Nobel Rot?
Trockenbeerenauslese
265
Is it possible to make Beerenaulese and Trockenbeerenaulese every year?
No
266
What are some defining characteristic of Beerenauslese and Trockenbeerenauslese?
Sweet, Low alcohol - Honey, dried stone fruit, candied peel, flowers - Among the best sweet wines in the world
267
What are PGI wines in Germany labelled?
Landwein
268
What are wines without GI in Germany labelled?
Deutscher Wein
269
How many PDO's are in Germany?
13
270
Name all Pradikat levels from least must weigh to the most
- Kabinett
- Spatlese
- Auslese
- Beerenaulese
- Eiswine
- Trockenbeerenaulese
271
What are dry wines in Germany labled?
Trocken
272
What are off-dry wines in Germany labelled?
Halbtrocken or Feinherb (not legally defined)
273
Does Germany have premiere and grand crus
No
274
What is Verband Deutsher Pradikatsweinguter?
An independent group that have classified their vinyards. Some of the best sites in Germany.
275
What does VDP call dry Qualitats wines? How can you tell on the bottle?
Grosses Gewachs. GG + embossed grapes on neck of bottle.
276
Is Grosses Gewachs German law?
No. It is an VDP trademark
277
What two grapes were crossed to create Muller-Thurgau
Riesling & Madeline Royal
278
How does Muller-Thurgau ripen compared to Riesling
Earlier
279
What is the second most widely plant grape varietal in Germany?
Muller-Thurgau
280
Why is Muller-Thurgau in steady decline in popularity in Germany?
Less demand for inexpensive medium dry - medium sweet Qualitatweins
281
What is the third most planted white grape in Germany?
Silvaner
282
Where in Germany is Silvaner traditionally planted?
Rheinhessen & Franken
283
Grauburguner / Rulander is which grape?
Pinot Gris
284
What is Pinot Blanc called in Germany?
Weisburgunder
285
What is the third most planted grape in Germany?
Spatburgunder (pinot noir)
286
What are two of the most important growing regions for Spatburgunder in Germany?
Pfalz and Baden
287
What are the most important red varietals in Germany?
Spatburgunder, Dornfelder, Portugieser, Trollinger, and Schwartzriesling
Only Spatburgunder and Dornfelder sold as Pradikatwein.
288
What are the North and South parameters of Mosel
North: where River Mosel meets River Rhine
South: German border
289
What are the two small tributaries in Mosel?
The Saar & The Ruwer
290
What is the only grape in GG wines in Mosel?
Riesling
291
What are the best-known villages in middle Mosel
Piesport, Bernkastel, and Wehlen
292
Where are the best villages in middle Mosel located?
on steep slopes with slate soils next to River Mosel
293
What are some characteristics of Riesling in Middle Mosel?
Floral & green fruit predominate. Lighter in body, lower in Alcohol, and higher in acidity than Riesling grown in Pflaz, Rheinhesswn, and Rheigau
294
What two areas in Mosel can make similar Riesling to Middle Mosel but in cooler years make sparkling wine
Saar and Ruwer
295
What two regions does Nahe (Germany) lie between?
Mosel and Rheinhessen
296
Where are the best vineyards in Nahe located?
on South facing banks of River Nahe between Schlossbockelheim and Bad Kreuznach
297
What are the best wines in Nahe made from?
Riesling (slightly more fuller body than Mosel)
298
What grape is permitted by Grosses Gewachs in Nahne?
Rielsing
299
Where are most vineyards in Rheingau located?
North bank of River Rhine and River Main with Southernly facing aspects
300
What hills offer protection to Rheingau?
Tannus Hills
301
What two areas in Rheingau are the majority of the vineyards to the west of?
Johannisberg & Rudesheim
302
What are some characteristics of Riesling in Rheingau?
Made in dry style, med to full body, distinct ripe peach characters
303
Why can Rheingau make some of the best Beerenauselese and Trockenbeerenauselese wines?
Humidity from The Rhine
304
What grape varietals are permitted by Grosses Gewachs in Rheingau?
Riesling and Spatburgunder
305
What area in Rheingau is known for excellent Spatburgunder?
Assmannshausen
306
What is the largest grape-growing region in Germany?
Rheinhessen
307
What are the two most planted grape varietals in Rheinhessen?
Muller-Thurgau and Riesling
308
What are the most popular black grapes grown in Rheinhessen?
Dornfelder, Portuguiser, and Spatburgunder
309
What grape varietals are permitted in Grosses Gewachs wines in Rheinhessen?
Spatburgunder and Riesling
310
What region are the fullest body Rieslings in Germany from?
Rheinhessen
311
Where is Rheinhessen located?
on steep slopes on West bank of Rhine around a village called Nierstein
312
What is Neirstein in Rheinhessen often alternatively called?
Rheinterrase
313
Why has Rheinhessen gained a reputation for innovation and excellence?
Growers are making top quality wine in areas that have a low standing reputation ( ex South near Worms)
314
What is the second largest wine growing region in Germany?
Pfalz
315
What mountain range are the majority of vineyards in Pfalz a continuation of?
Vosges in Alsace
316
What is the driest wine region in Germany?
Pfalz
317
What is the most planted varietal in Pfalz?
Riesling
318
What is the most planted black grape in Pfalz?
Dornfelder
319
What varietal can Grosses Gewachs wines in Pfalz be made of?
Riesling, Weisburgunder, Spatburgunder
320
The most established quality vineyards in Pfalz surround which towns?
Frost & Deidsheim
321
What is the warmest region in Germany?
Baden
322
Where do the fullest body German wines with the highest alcohol come from?
Baden
323
What is the third-largest vine-growing region in Germany?
Baden
324
Where are most vinyards in Baden located?
Spread out on narrow strip of land that follows Rhine to the Swiss border
325
Where are the best vineyards in Baden located?
On South facing slope of Kaiserstahl (an extinct volcanoe)
326
What varietal does Kaisersthal, Baden have a top-quality reputation for?
Spatburgunder
327
What are the three most planted white grapes in Baden?
Muller-Thurgau, Garuburgunder, Weisburgunder
328
Do black or white grapes dominate in Franken?
White (not Riesling)
329
What white grape is planted in the warmest regions in Franken?
Silvaner
330
What varietals can Grosses Gewachs wines be made of in Franken?
Silvaner, Riesling, Weisburgunder, Grauburgunder, Spatburgunder
