WSAVA

Question 1

Some infectious vaccines are administered
directly to mucosal sites (i.e. __/__vaccines) where they are even more effective at inducing relevant protective mucosal immunity.

Answer 1

intranasal or oral

Question 2

live vector organism carrying genetic material encoding an antigen from the target pathogen

Answer 2

recombinant vectored vaccines

Question 3

When administered to an animal that lacks maternally-derived antibody (MDA) an infectious vaccine will generally induce protec- tion with a _- dose.

Answer 3

singl

Question 4

generally require an adjuvant to increase their potency and usually require multiple doses (even in an adult animal) to induce protection.

Answer 4

non-infectious vaccine

Question 5

Route of admin for non-infec vacc

Answer 5

parenteral

Question 6

use is determined on the basis of the geographical and lifestyle exposure risks of the indi- vidual and an assessment of risk–benefit ratios

Answer 6

non-core vaccines

Question 7

, passive immunity will have waned by __ weeks of age to a level that allows active immunization.

Answer 7

8-12 wks

Question 8

Puppies with poor MDA may be vulnerable (and capable of responding to vaccina- tion) at an earlier age, while others may possess MDA at such high titres that they are incapable of responding to vaccination until -_ weeks of age

Answer 8

≥12

Question 9

a single primary vaccination policy can cover all possible situations.

Answer 9

f

Question 10

The recommendation of the VGG is for initial core vaccination at _- weeks of age, then every 2–4 weeks until __ weeks of age or older.

Answer 10

6–8
16

Question 11

of age. The rationale behind this protocol is to permit ‘___’ of puppies while diminishing the risk of infectious diseases. The VGG recognizes that early socialization is essential to the behavioural development of dogs

Answer 11

early socialization

Question 12

The VGG recommends that whenever possible the last of the puppy primary series of core vaccines be given at __ weeks of age or older

Answer 12

16

Question 13

An integral part of core vaccination of puppies is the

Answer 13

‘booster’ vaccine

Question 14

The main aim of this vaccine is to ensure that a protective immune response develops in any dog that may have failed to respond to any of the vaccines in the primary core series, rather than necessarily ‘boosting’ the immune response.

Answer 14

booster vacc

Question 15

the VGG has re-evaluated this practice and now suggests that veterinarians might wish to reduce this possible window of susceptibility by bringing forward this vaccine from ___ of age (or indeed at any time point between __ weeks of age; however,__ weeks of age provides a convenient timing).

Answer 15

52 weeks to 26 weeks
26-52
26

Question 16

Dogs that have responded to vaccination with MLV core vaccines maintain a solid immunity (immunological memory) for many years in the absence of any repeat vaccination

Answer 16

t

Question 17

on adult dogs, Following the 26 or 52 week booster, subsequent revaccinations are given at intervals of _ years or longer.

Answer 17

3

Question 18

An adult dog that had received a complete course of core vaccinations as a puppy, including a 26 or 52 week booster, but that may not have been vaccinated regularly as an adult, requires how many doses of MLV core vacc/

Answer 18

1

Question 19

‘gold standards’ for serological testing

Answer 19

virus neutralization and haemagglutination inhibition test

Question 20

A__ test result indicates that the dog has little or no antibody, and that revaccination is recommended.

Answer 20

negative

Question 21

a positive test result would lead to the conclusion that __

Answer 21

revaccination is not required.

Question 22

protective rabies antibody titre

Answer 22

> 0·5 IU/ml

Question 23

A serum sample taken at least - weeks after the final vaccination may be tested.

Answer 23

4

Question 24

why should the serum titres be tested at least 4 weeks after last vaccination

Answer 24

This interval will ensure that MDA is no longer present and that even ‘slow responder’ puppies have seroconverted.

Question 25

most common reason for vaccination failure

Answer 25

MDA neutralizes vaccine virus

Question 26

Vaccines may fail to induce protective immunity in a puppy for various reasons:

Answer 26

MDA neutralizes vaccine virus

vaccine is poorly immunogenic

animal is poor responder/ immune system fails to recognize the vaccine antigens

Question 27

the non-responder phenotype remains prevalent in this breed of dog

Answer 27

rottweilers

Question 28

In the case of a cattery outbreak of FPV infection, or a kennel outbreak of CPV-2 infection, a recent study has shown that if immune plasma is given after clinical signs appear, there is no benefit in reduction of morbidity or mortality if only a small volume is given

Answer 28

t

Question 29

in order to have a maximal beneficial effect, immune serum or plasma must be given before infection,and prior to the onset of clinical signs.

Answer 29

after infxn but prior to CS

Question 30

immune serum or plasma is best provided within ___ hours after infection and a large amount of high titred serum or plasma is required.

Answer 30

24–48