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Geography S2 > WS 1 P.8-15 > Flashcards

WS 1 P.8-15 Flashcards

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1
Q 
Describe spring.
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A

2 months—March-April
Warm and wet
Foggy
Moderate rainfall

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2
Q 
Describe summer.
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A 
5 months — May-September
Hot and wet
Mainly southerly winds
Typhoons and rainstorms may occur
Heavy rainfall
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3
Q

Why does heavy rainfall occur in summer?

A

Typhoons and rainstorms are common extreme weather conditions in summer. Rainstorms are often due to wet onshore monsoons in summer.

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4
Q 
Describe autumn.
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A

2 months — October-November
Mild and dry
Fine, sunny weather with clear skies
Low rainfall

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5
Q 
Describe winter.
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A

3 months — December-February
Cool and dry
Strong northerly winds
Low rainfall

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6
Q

The seasons in Hong Kong are _________________.

A

distinctive

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7
Q

The hottest month in Hong Kong _________________/ _________________ while the coldest is _________________.

A

July, August, January

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8
Q

What is the formula for the annual range of temperature?

A

Highest temperature of that year - lowest temperature of that year

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9
Q

What is the annual mean temperature?

A

It is the average temperature of the year.

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10
Q

What is the annual rainfall?

A

The total rainfall in a year.

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11
Q

Name 3 adjectives used to describe the seasonal variations in rainfall.

A

Distinct, unevenly distributed, evenly distributed

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12
Q

What is the advantage of using a climatic graph?

A

Numerical data presented in a graph is easier to read, compare and spot trends

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13
Q

Name the components of a climatic graph.

A

rainfall (mm) — bar chart
temperature (°C) — line graph
title — Climatic graph of Guangzhou
‘months’ — JFMAMJJASOND

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14
Q

Which climatic zone is Hong Kong in? Where is it located?

A

The sub-tropical monsoon climatic zone. It is at the edge of the tropical area.

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15
Q

please name the three climatic zones from up to down.

A 
polar region
———————
temperate region
——23.5°N——
tropical region
-—equator——
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16
Q

Name the 4 factors affecting climate.

A

Angle of the Sun, Land and Sea (Distance from the sea), Altitude, Altitude (relief barrier)

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17
Q

Why is the angle of the sun important?

A

This is because it affects the amount of heat received on the earth surface.

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18
Q

The sun angle is _________________ in June and _________________ in December.

A

greater, smaller

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19
Q

When the angle of the sun is large, the sun beam spreads over a _________________ area, and is _________________ concentrated.

A

smaller, more

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20
Q

When the angle of the sun is small, the sun beam spreads over a _________________ area, and is _________________ concentrated.

A

larger, less

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21
Q

Compare the angle of sun in the Tropics and the Polar area.

A

The angle of the sun in the Tropics is higher/ larger, while the angle of the sun in the Polar area is low/ smaller.

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22
Q

What is the climate of places near to the sea called?

A

Maritime climates.

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23
Q

As _______________________________ in winter, the winter temperature of places near to the sea (aka _________________________) are ________________.

A

sea water retains heat in winter, coastal areas, warmer

24
Q

In summer, _____________________________________, as a result, summer temperatures of places near to the sea are ____________________.

A

sea absorbs heat slower, cooler

25
Q

Describe how the sea (hint: water) plays a part in the climate of places near to it.

A

It is transparent, and there is the mixing of warm water with cool water and onshore winds to moderate temperatures.

26
Q

The climate of places away from the sea is called ________________________________________.

A

continental climates

27
Q

As _______________________________ in winter, the winter temperature of places far away from the sea (aka _________________________) are ________________.

A

land loses heat faster, inland areas, cooler

28
Q

In summer, _____________________________________, as a result, summer temperatures of places far away from the sea are ____________________.

A

land absorbs heat quicker, warmer

29
Q

Describe how land plays a part in the climate of places near to it.

A

It is opaque, with no mixing, nor are there onshore winds to moderate temperatures. Instead, there are dry, offshore winds that lead to a low annual rainfall.

30
Q

Heat is only stored in _________________________________. Hence land mass __________________ and __________________ heat ________________________.

A

the surface of land, releases, absorbs, rapidly

31
Q

Continental climates have a __________________________________ and a __________________________________.

A

large annual range of temperature, low annual rainfall

32
Q

The air density (or ______________________________) becomes __________/ __________________ with the _________________ altitude.

A

air pressure, lower/ less dense, increasing

33
Q

In less dense air, ____________________________________________ and thus ________________________________________________________, and the temperature ______________.

A

heat loss is faster, the air is able to absorb less heat, falls

34
Q

In denser air, ___________________________________________________.

A

heat released from the earth’s surface is stored in the air

35
Q

____________________, _____________, and ___________________________ in the _________________________________________________ and keep the air _____________.

A

Water vapour, dust, carbon dioxide, atmosphere absorb long wave radiation, warm

36
Q

What is the environmental lapse rate?

A

The average rate of decrease in air temperature with height.

37
Q

What is the unit of the environmental lapse rate?

A

°C/m

38
Q

What are the two types of distribution that contribute to the rainfall distribution pattern Hong Kong has?

A

Time distribution, special distribution

39
Q

When is rainfall common in Hong Kong? Why?

A

Summer. This is because moisture is brought by S/ SE onshore monsoon winds in this season.

40
Q

Where is more rainfall received in Hong Kong? Why?

A

The eastern part of Hong Kong. This is because the moisture brought by onshore monsoons is blocked by hills. Therefore, more rainfall is received on windward slopes.

41
Q

Why does the western part of Hong Kong receive less rainfall?

A

This is because it lies on the leeward slopes.

42
Q

The rainfall in Hong Kong is _____________________ distributed.

A

unevenly

43
Q

When is relief rain formed?

A

When air is forced to cool when it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains.

44
Q

What is a ‘rain shadow’ effect?

A

It is when the leeward slope receives a relatively small amount of rain.

45
Q

Name the 7 steps of the formation of relief rain.

A
  1. Warm wet onshore winds + hot and humid air
  2. Wind is forced to rise along the slope
  3. Air is rising and cools
  4. Air is saturated (100% humidity)
  5. Condensation starts at condensation level
  6. Water droplets join together to form cloud
  7. When water drops are too heavy to float in the air, they fall as rain
46
Q

Is there any moisture on leeward slopes in Hong Kong? Why?

A

Yes, there is. This is because the mountains in Hong Kong are not tall enough to block out all of the moisture.

47
Q

When is air saturated?

A

When the moisture holding capacity of the air matches the air humidity.

48
Q

The moisture holding capacity of air _______________ with temperature.

A

increases.

49
Q

Why does the climate of Hong Kong differ greatly in winter and summer?

A

This is because of the effects of monsoons.

50
Q

What are monsoons?

A

They are winds that change directions seasonally, blowing from one direction in summer and from the opposite direction in winter.

51
Q

Hong Kong has a _________________ _________________.

A

Monsoon climate.

52
Q

Monsoons bring us _________________ and _________________ winters and _______________ summers.

A

cool, dry, wet

53
Q

Explain the process of the formation of winter monsoons.
1.
2.
3.

A

In winter, the land loses heat more quickly than the sea.
Air therefore sinks over the cold land surface and results in high air pressure.
Offshore winds blow from the land (high-pressure area) to the sea (low-pressure area).

54
Q

Winter monsoons are _______________ or _______________ monsoons. They are _________ and _______.

A

north-east, north-west, cool, dry

55
Q

Explain the process of the formation of summer monsoons.
1.
2.
3.

A

In summer, the land heats up more quickly than the sea.
Air therefore
Onshore winds blow from the sea (high-pressure area) to the land (low-pressure area).

56
Q

Summer monsoons are _______________ or _______________ monsoons. They are _________.

A

south-east, south-west, wet

Geography S2 (4 decks)

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