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Chemistry Exam Revision > Wrong Question Topics > Flashcards

Wrong Question Topics Flashcards

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1
Q

What way do the arrows point in Hess’ law for combustion data?

A

Downwards towards CO2 + H2O intermediate.

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2
Q

What way does the Hess’ law arrows point with formation data?

A

Upwards, away from intermediate of elements in their standard states

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3
Q

Colour change when adding small amounts of NH3 or OH- to Cu2+?

A

Blue solution to blue precipitate.

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4
Q

Colour change when adding small amounts of NH3 or OH- to Fe2+?

A

Green solution to green precipitate

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5
Q

Colour change when adding small amounts of NH3 or OH- to Mn2+?

A

Pink solution to brown precipitate.

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6
Q

Colour change when adding small amounts of NH3 or OH- to Cr3+?

A

Violet solution to green precipitate

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7
Q

Colour change when adding small amounts of NH3 or OH- to Fe3+?

A

Yellow/ brown solution to a brown precipitate

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8
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Cu2+?

A

Blue precipitate dissolves to a blue solution

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9
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Fe2+?

A

Green precipitate stays the same

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10
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Mn2+?

A

Brown precipitate stays the same

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11
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Cr3+?

A

Green precipitate dissolves to a purple solution

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12
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Fe3+?

A

Brown precipitate stays the same

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13
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of OH- to Cu2+?

A

Blue precipitate stays the same

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14
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Fe2+?

A

Green precipitate stays the same

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15
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Mn2+?

A

Brown precipitate stays the same

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16
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Cr3+?

A

Green precipitate dissolves to form a green solution

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17
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Fe3+?

A

Brown precipitate stays the same

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18
Q

What element can substitute all 6 of its coordinate bonds?

A

Cr

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19
Q

How many coordinate bonds do most complexes substitute in dilute conditions?

A

Whatever the charge of the metal is

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20
Q

When adding excess NH3 what elements substitute more of their coordinate bonds and how many?

A

Cu2+ (4) and Cr3+ (6)

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21
Q

When adding excess OH- what elements substitute more of their coordinate bonds and how many?

A

Cr3+ (6)

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22
Q

What is the Isoelectric point?

A

The pH in which there is no overall charge as a zwitter ion is formed.

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23
Q

What happens when a pH is below the isoelectric point

A

The NH2 reduces to NH3+

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24
Q

What happens if the pH is above the isoelectric point?

A

The COOH oxidises to COO-

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25
Q

What are polyesters made from?

A

Diol and a di carboxylic acid. Or a hydroxy carboxylic acid.

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26
Q

What are polyamides made from?

A

Diamine and a di carboxylic acid. Or an amino acid.

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27
Q

What forms in the alkali hydrolysis of a polyester?

A

Carboxylate salt and a diol

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28
Q

What forms in the acid hydrolysis of a polyester?

A

Diol and a di carboxylic acid

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29
Q

What forms in the alkali hydrolysis of a polyamide?

A

Carboxylate salt and a diamine

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30
Q

What forms in the acid hydrolysis of an amide?

A

Di carboxylic acid and diamine ammonium salt (NH3+)

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31
Q

Which hydrolysis is slow?

A

Acid hydrolysis of polyesters and alkali hydrolysis of polyamides

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32
Q

What are the conditions to convert an alkene to an alkane?

A

H2 and a Ni catalyst

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33
Q

What are the conditions to convert an alkene to a haloalkane?

A

Hydrogen Hallide

34
Q

How to convert an alkene to an alcohol?

A

H20 and H3PO4

35
Q

What are the conditions to convert an alcohol to an alkene

A

Heat, H2SO4 or H3PO4

36
Q

What are the conditions to convert an alcohol to an ester?

A

Carboxylic acid and concentrated H2SO4 or an acid anhydride.

37
Q

What are the conditions to convert a carboxylic acid to an ester?

A

An alcohol and concentrated H2SO4

38
Q

What are the conditions to convert an ester to a carboxylic acid?

A

Dilute acid and heat

39
Q

What are the conditions to convert an acyl chloride to an ester?

A

An alcohol

40
Q

What are the conditions to convert an ester to a carboxylate?

A

Add OH-

41
Q

What are the conditions to convert an alkane to a haloalkane?

A

A halogen and UV light

42
Q

What are the conditions to convert a haloalkane to an alcohol?

A

Add NaOH

43
Q

What are the conditions to convert an alcohol to a haloalkane?

A

H2SO4 and a sodium halide

44
Q

What are the conditions to convert an alcohol to an aldehyde?

A

Primary alcohol, acidified potassium dichromate, heat and distil

45
Q

What are the conditions to convert an alcohol or aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?

A

Acidified potassium dichromate, reflux

46
Q

What are the conditions to convert a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride?

A

SOCl2

47
Q

What are the conditions to convert an acyl chloride to a carboxylic acid?

A

H2O

48
Q

What are the conditions to convert a haloalkane to a nitrile?

A

CN- and ethanol

49
Q

What are the conditions to convert a haloalkane to an amine?

A

NH3 and ethanol

50
Q

What are the conditions to convert an alcohol to a ketone?

A

Secondary alcohol, acidified potassium dichromate, reflux.

51
Q

What are the conditions to convert a ketone to an alcohol?

A

NaBH4

52
Q

What are the conditions to convert an aldehyde to a hydroxy nitrile?

A

NaCN and acid

53
Q

What are the conditions to convert a hydroxy nitrile to a carboxylic acid?

A

H2O, HCl and heat

54
Q

What are the conditions to convert a nitrile to a carboxylic acid?

A

H20, HCl and heat.

55
Q

What are the conditions to convert an acyl chloride to a primary amide?

A

NH3

56
Q

What are the conditions to convert an acyl chloride to a secondary amide?

A

A primary amine

57
Q

What are the conditions to convert a ketone to a hydroxy nitrile?

A

NaCN and acid

58
Q

What are the conditions to convert a hydroxy nitrile to an amine?

A

H2, Ni catalyst.

59
Q

What are the conditions to convert a nitrile to an amine?

A

H2, Ni catalyst.

60
Q

The enthalpy of hydrogenation is more or less exothermic than expected?

A

Less

61
Q

Nitration conditions

A

Conc HNO3, 50c, H2SO4 catalyst

62
Q

What is the 2-4 direction effect and where does it occur?

A

Phenol and NH2 groups as the wedded electrons cause bonds to be made on 2,4,6 carbons.

63
Q

What is the 3 directing effect and what does It occur in

A

NO2 groups as it removes electrons

64
Q

Why are directing effects good?

A

It allows you to make predictions

65
Q

How to find a specific ketone or aldehyde?

A

Filter, recrystallise, dry, find melting pint and compare against a data base

66
Q

How to make tokens?

A

AgNO3 and NaOH until brown precipitate then add NH3.

67
Q

How to identify CO3 2-

A

Add HCl and bubble through limewater. It’s effervesces and turns limewater cloudy.

68
Q

How to identify Cl-

A

Add acidified AgNO3, it forms a white precipitate that dissolves in dilute NH3

69
Q

How to identify Br-

A

Add acidified AgNO3, it forms a cream precipitate that dissolves in concentrated NH3

70
Q

How to identify I-

A

Add acidified AgNO3, it forms a yellow precipitate that does not dissolve in NH3

71
Q

How to identify SO4 2-

A

Add BaCl2 and HCl, a white precipitate forms.

72
Q

How to identify NH4+

A

Add NaOH and heat, it turns moist red litmus paper blue.

73
Q

What is the order to test when testing for ions

A

Carbonate, Sulphate, halide

74
Q

What is the bonding angle in linear shapes

A

180

75
Q

What is the bonding angle in non linear shapes

A

104.5

76
Q

What is the bonding angle in trigonal planar shapes

A

120

77
Q

What is the bonding angle in tetrahedral shapes

A

109.5

78
Q

What is the bonding angle in pyramidal shapes

A

107

79
Q

What is the bonding angle in octahedral shapes

A

90

80
Q

What is the bonding angle in CH4

A

109.5

81
Q

What is the bonding angle in NH3

A

107

82
Q

What is the bonding angle in H2O

A

104.5

Chemistry Exam Revision (1 decks)

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