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Wrong Question Topics Flashcards

1
Q

What way do the arrows point in Hess’ law for combustion data?

A

Downwards towards CO2 + H2O intermediate.

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2
Q

What way does the Hess’ law arrows point with formation data?

A

Upwards, away from intermediate of elements in their standard states

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3
Q

Colour change when adding small amounts of NH3 or OH- to Cu2+?

A

Blue solution to blue precipitate.

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4
Q

Colour change when adding small amounts of NH3 or OH- to Fe2+?

A

Green solution to green precipitate

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5
Q

Colour change when adding small amounts of NH3 or OH- to Mn2+?

A

Pink solution to brown precipitate.

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6
Q

Colour change when adding small amounts of NH3 or OH- to Cr3+?

A

Violet solution to green precipitate

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7
Q

Colour change when adding small amounts of NH3 or OH- to Fe3+?

A

Yellow/ brown solution to a brown precipitate

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8
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Cu2+?

A

Blue precipitate dissolves to a blue solution

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9
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Fe2+?

A

Green precipitate stays the same

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10
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Mn2+?

A

Brown precipitate stays the same

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11
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Cr3+?

A

Green precipitate dissolves to a purple solution

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12
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Fe3+?

A

Brown precipitate stays the same

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13
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of OH- to Cu2+?

A

Blue precipitate stays the same

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14
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Fe2+?

A

Green precipitate stays the same

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15
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Mn2+?

A

Brown precipitate stays the same

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16
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Cr3+?

A

Green precipitate dissolves to form a green solution

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17
Q

Colour change when adding excess amounts of NH3 to Fe3+?

A

Brown precipitate stays the same

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18
Q

What element can substitute all 6 of its coordinate bonds?

A

Cr

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19
Q

How many coordinate bonds do most complexes substitute in dilute conditions?

A

Whatever the charge of the metal is

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20
Q

When adding excess NH3 what elements substitute more of their coordinate bonds and how many?

A

Cu2+ (4) and Cr3+ (6)

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21
Q

When adding excess OH- what elements substitute more of their coordinate bonds and how many?

A

Cr3+ (6)

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22
Q

What is the Isoelectric point?

A

The pH in which there is no overall charge as a zwitter ion is formed.

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23
Q

What happens when a pH is below the isoelectric point

A

The NH2 reduces to NH3+

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24
Q

What happens if the pH is above the isoelectric point?

A

The COOH oxidises to COO-

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25
What are polyesters made from?
Diol and a di carboxylic acid. Or a hydroxy carboxylic acid.
26
What are polyamides made from?
Diamine and a di carboxylic acid. Or an amino acid.
27
What forms in the alkali hydrolysis of a polyester?
Carboxylate salt and a diol
28
What forms in the acid hydrolysis of a polyester?
Diol and a di carboxylic acid
29
What forms in the alkali hydrolysis of a polyamide?
Carboxylate salt and a diamine
30
What forms in the acid hydrolysis of an amide?
Di carboxylic acid and diamine ammonium salt (NH3+)
31
Which hydrolysis is slow?
Acid hydrolysis of polyesters and alkali hydrolysis of polyamides
32
What are the conditions to convert an alkene to an alkane?
H2 and a Ni catalyst
33
What are the conditions to convert an alkene to a haloalkane?
Hydrogen Hallide
34
How to convert an alkene to an alcohol?
H20 and H3PO4
35
What are the conditions to convert an alcohol to an alkene
Heat, H2SO4 or H3PO4
36
What are the conditions to convert an alcohol to an ester?
Carboxylic acid and concentrated H2SO4 or an acid anhydride.
37
What are the conditions to convert a carboxylic acid to an ester?
An alcohol and concentrated H2SO4
38
What are the conditions to convert an ester to a carboxylic acid?
Dilute acid and heat
39
What are the conditions to convert an acyl chloride to an ester?
An alcohol
40
What are the conditions to convert an ester to a carboxylate?
Add OH-
41
What are the conditions to convert an alkane to a haloalkane?
A halogen and UV light
42
What are the conditions to convert a haloalkane to an alcohol?
Add NaOH
43
What are the conditions to convert an alcohol to a haloalkane?
H2SO4 and a sodium halide
44
What are the conditions to convert an alcohol to an aldehyde?
Primary alcohol, acidified potassium dichromate, heat and distil
45
What are the conditions to convert an alcohol or aldehyde to a carboxylic acid?
Acidified potassium dichromate, reflux
46
What are the conditions to convert a carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride?
SOCl2
47
What are the conditions to convert an acyl chloride to a carboxylic acid?
H2O
48
What are the conditions to convert a haloalkane to a nitrile?
CN- and ethanol
49
What are the conditions to convert a haloalkane to an amine?
NH3 and ethanol
50
What are the conditions to convert an alcohol to a ketone?
Secondary alcohol, acidified potassium dichromate, reflux.
51
What are the conditions to convert a ketone to an alcohol?
NaBH4
52
What are the conditions to convert an aldehyde to a hydroxy nitrile?
NaCN and acid
53
What are the conditions to convert a hydroxy nitrile to a carboxylic acid?
H2O, HCl and heat
54
What are the conditions to convert a nitrile to a carboxylic acid?
H20, HCl and heat.
55
What are the conditions to convert an acyl chloride to a primary amide?
NH3
56
What are the conditions to convert an acyl chloride to a secondary amide?
A primary amine
57
What are the conditions to convert a ketone to a hydroxy nitrile?
NaCN and acid
58
What are the conditions to convert a hydroxy nitrile to an amine?
H2, Ni catalyst.
59
What are the conditions to convert a nitrile to an amine?
H2, Ni catalyst.
60
The enthalpy of hydrogenation is more or less exothermic than expected?
Less
61
Nitration conditions
Conc HNO3, 50c, H2SO4 catalyst
62
What is the 2-4 direction effect and where does it occur?
Phenol and NH2 groups as the wedded electrons cause bonds to be made on 2,4,6 carbons.
63
What is the 3 directing effect and what does It occur in
NO2 groups as it removes electrons
64
Why are directing effects good?
It allows you to make predictions
65
How to find a specific ketone or aldehyde?
Filter, recrystallise, dry, find melting pint and compare against a data base
66
How to make tokens?
AgNO3 and NaOH until brown precipitate then add NH3.
67
How to identify CO3 2-
Add HCl and bubble through limewater. It's effervesces and turns limewater cloudy.
68
How to identify Cl-
Add acidified AgNO3, it forms a white precipitate that dissolves in dilute NH3
69
How to identify Br-
Add acidified AgNO3, it forms a cream precipitate that dissolves in concentrated NH3
70
How to identify I-
Add acidified AgNO3, it forms a yellow precipitate that does not dissolve in NH3
71
How to identify SO4 2-
Add BaCl2 and HCl, a white precipitate forms.
72
How to identify NH4+
Add NaOH and heat, it turns moist red litmus paper blue.
73
What is the order to test when testing for ions
Carbonate, Sulphate, halide
74
What is the bonding angle in linear shapes
180
75
What is the bonding angle in non linear shapes
104.5
76
What is the bonding angle in trigonal planar shapes
120
77
What is the bonding angle in tetrahedral shapes
109.5
78
What is the bonding angle in pyramidal shapes
107
79
What is the bonding angle in octahedral shapes
90
80
What is the bonding angle in CH4
109.5
81
What is the bonding angle in NH3
107
82
What is the bonding angle in H2O
104.5

Chemistry Exam Revision (1 decks)

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