Wrong anwers Flashcards
tumors from the penis, skin of the vagina, and anal canal below the dentate line drain to which lymph nodes
superficial group of the inguinal lymph nodes
these lymph nodes drain lower extermities, gluteal region, and skin below the umbillicus
superficial group of the inguinal lymph nodes
nerves that do general sensation and taste to the posterior 1/3 of tounge
CN 9
Nerves that do general sensation and taste to the anterior 2/3 of tounge
CN 5 sensation CN 7 taste
palatoglossa muscle is innervated by
CN X pulls tounge up to palate during swallowing
Ratio of gland depth to thickness in Chronic Bronchitis
Reid Index
Measeles what virus family
Paramyxoviridae
structure that normally induces the development of the adult kidney
Ureteric bud
incidence =
new cases / suscepitlbe population (subract those with the disease our)
presence of more than 5 cafe-au-lait spots suggests
NF1 Chromo 17 AD inheritance Neurofibromas
mnemonic for NF1
CAFESPOTS Cafe-au-lait spots Axillary Freckling Eye nodules Scoliosis Pheochromocytoma Optic “Tumor” (glioma)
Frequent mucosal infections suggest this immunodeficiency (can be asymptomatic)
IgA deficiency
I cells in the Duodenum and Jujuneum prodeuce
CCK
S cells in the Duodenum produce _____ in response to
Secritin –> Pancreae secrete Bicarb in response to lowered pH or Fatty Acids present
Secritin does
Inhibits Pariatel cell secreting H+ Stims D cells to release Somatostatin Stims Pancrase to relase Bicarb
D cells in stomach and Duodenum produce
Somatostatin
Black Pigmented stones are High or Low in Cholesterol “Intervascular Hemoysis”
Low Usually Calcium Bilirubinate
Hepatocyte zone containing the CYP450 enzymes
Zone 3, Pericentral vein zone Toxic metabolites and ischemia affects here
Hypothalamic feeding center
Lateral Nucleus “Let me have it” Stim= Obese Destroy=Starve
Hypothalamic Satiety center
Ventromedial Nucleus “Ven get thin with Leptin”
Kartaginer Syndrome is due to ________ and Sx
loss of dyein —> imparied vessicle tranport, lung infectins, decreased sperm motility
In Hardy Weinberg the frequency of the non mutated Allele A equals= frequency of the mutated Allele a equals=
A=p a=q p+q=1 p^2+2pq+q^2=1
Kinky Hair “Menkes Disease” leads to decrease in
Cu can’t be transported into the blood stream —> Cu defficency —> - Lysyl oxidase deficiency —>cross links collagen fibers -Cytochorme —>C dysfunction -Tyrosinase —> low melanin (hypopygmatenation)
Infectious agent that can cause bloody diarrhea and a “pseudoappendicitis” pain in the right lower quadrant.
Yersinia Enterocolitica
common site for volvulus in the Eldery
Sigmoid colon Constipation can predispose to this
Microaerophilic,oxidase-poitive, gram negative, curved rod with polar flagella causes gastroenteritis
Campylobacter jejuni
abdominal viscera not covered by amnionic membrane in a new born caused by
Incomplete fusion of the lateral body fold (Gastroschisis)
Enterotoxigenic e-coli. toxins works how? (two)
LT = heat labile toxin : activates adenylate by ADP ribosylation—> increase cAMP ST= stimulates guanylate cyclase —> increase cAMP
How does EHEC toxin work
0157:H7 shigella-like toxin 1 and 2 , N-glycosylation of the 28S rRNA—> inhibits 60 sub unit –>decreases protein synthesis
C diff toxin A and B works how?
A- attracts granuloycytes B- is cytopathic
Test for ZE syndrome
Secretin Test W/ ZE —->Grastrin Increases
anti smooth muscle antibodies elevated ANA fatigue and jaundice
Autoimmune hepatitis
high pitched “tinkly” bowel sounds euqal
small bowl obstruction from…. ie. Ascaris Luburcoidies
type 1 muscle fibers are
slow twitch, less glycogen density
Chronic high blood pressure leads to increase, decrease, or no change in the number of arterioles
decrease over perfusions —> decrease vasodiltatory metabolites –> vasoconstriction —> disassembly of the arterioles
multiple seborrheic keratosis is called, can be a sign of
Leser Trelat sign Malignancy (most likely gastric adenocarinoma)
Mid brain Cranial Nerves
3 and 4
Upper pons Cranial Nerves
5
Lower Pons
6, 7 ,8
Medulla
9, 10, 12
Tactile and Vibratory senses long tacts
Medial Lemniscus
- Tongue deviation (towards lesion)
- Hemiparesis
- loss of tactile and vibratory sensation
Is called what?
Caused by?
- Medial Medullary Syndrome
- occlusion of Anterior Spinal Artery a branch of the Vertebral artery
- Tongue deviation (CN 12)
- Hemiparesis - corticospinal lesion tactile and vibratory sensation (medial lemniscus)
- Ispilateral facial paralysis
- Ipsilateral sensorinerual deafness nystagmus with fast phase to opposite side
- ipsilateral pain and temperature loss of the face
- dystaxia due to damage of the middle and inferior cerebella penduncles
Is called what? Caused by?
Lateral Pontine syndrome
AICA occlussion = branch of the basilar
- face paralysis (facial nucleus) -sensorineural deafness (cochlear nucleus)
- nystagmus (vestibular involvement)
- pain and temp loss of face (spinal tri gem)
dystaxia (middle and inferior cerebella peduncles)
- Deficits in Pain and Temperature over the contralateral body
- Ipsilateral dysphagia, hoarseness, and diminished gag reflex
- Vertigo, dipolpia, nystagmus, and vomiting
- Ipsilateral Horner Syndrome
- Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation of the face
Is called what? Caused by ?
Lateral Medullary Syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome)
PICA occlusion = branch of the Vertebral artery -pain and temp body (spinothalamic)
- dysphagia, hoarseness, and gag reflexes (interruption of the vagal and glossopharyngeal pathways)
- vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus, and vomiting (vestibular dysfunction)
- Horner (desencing sympathetic fibers)
- pain and temp of face (spinal tract and nucleus of the Tri Gem)
Complete Mole
number of chromosomes?
Chance for choriocarcinoma?
fetal parts?
- Empty egg “completly” fertilized by father
- 46 (diploid) two sperm (20%) or one sperm with duplicate chromosome
- the “complete” chance of choriocarcinoma (around 2%)
- no fetal parts
Primum type of Atrial septal defect is cuased by
?
Secundum type of Atrial Septal defect is formed
Young child
Rash, often ill, brusies easily, dry lightly scally skin with many excoriations, bruises, petechiae
Disease?
Inheritance?
Gene mutation?
Wiskott- Aldrich syndrome
X-linked ressesive
Lymphoid Malignancies
WASP gene (reorganization of the heatopietic cell cytoskeleton)
Bone pain at night that is relived by NSAIDS
Disease?
syndrome?
Osteoid Osteoma
Gardner syndrome
fracture of the lateral epicondyle could injure what nerve
Radial Nerve passes anterior to the condyle
=”Wrist Drop
Fracture of the medial epicondyle may injure what nerve
Ulnar Nerve passes just behind this structre
=Claw hand, rignt and small finger
Axillary nerve runs over what landmark of the humerus
Surgical neck
mid-shaft fracture of the humerus may injur whwat nerve and artery
Radial Nerve and possibly the Profounda Brachii artery
Edema of mucosal surfaces
Disease?
Inheritance?
and Deficiency?
Hereditary Angioedema
AD
defieiency of C1 esterase inhibitor
Painful small subepidermal phtosensitive bilsters
Negative Nikoslky sign
Porphyria Cutanea Tarta
MC form of porphyria
AD inheritance
Defective Uroporphyrinongen Decarboxylase
Sx D/T Photo sensative prphyrin compunds close to the skin
Radio active D2O is used to measure
Total Body Water
Rapidly diffuses throughout entire body
Condition
Patient with eye pain, headache, nausea and vomiting, blurry vision and see halos around lights
increased intraocular pressure
Acute or angle closure Gluacoma
could be from an Anit M or an alpha 1 agonist
Nerve that traverses over the anterior scalene muscle
Phrenic
Radioactive Sodum, Inulin, Mannitol, or Sucrose is used to measure
Extracellular fluid
Rapidly diffuse through cappillary walls but do no diffuse into cells
Radio-iodinated serum albumin is used to measure
Plasma Volume
bind to plasma proteins and is to large to diffuse thorugh capillary walls
what goes through the optic canal
CN2 and ophthalmic artery
what goes through the superior orbital fissure
CN 3, 4, 6
ophthalmic nerve V1
and veins
What goes through the Forman Rotundum
Maxillary Nerve V2
What goes through the Forman Ovale
Mandibular Nerve V2
What goes through the forman spinosum
Middle Meningeal Artery
What goes thrugh the Jugular forman
CN 9, 10, 11
What goes through the Foramen Magum
CN 11, spinal cord, and vertebral arteries
What goes through the stylomastoid foramen
CN 7
What goes through the internal auditory meatus
CN 7 and 8
