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Chemistry > Wrong Answers From PPs > Flashcards

Wrong Answers From PPs Flashcards

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1
Q

Three differences in physician properties between Group I metals and transition element?

A

Transition element is harder.
Transition element is stronger
Transition element has a high density

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2
Q

How is nitrogen obtained for the Haber Process?

A

It is brained by fractional distillation of liquid air

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3
Q

How can you define isomers (what do they share/not share)?

A

They have the same general formula and empirical formula but different structural formula.

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4
Q

What happens when an alkene is oxidised with acidified potassium manganate (VII)?

A

Goes from purple to colourless

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5
Q

Describe the structure and bonding in a metallic element?

A

It is a lattice structure of positive charges surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons. There is attraction between positive and negative charges.

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6
Q

Define electrolysis

A

Breakdown of ionic compound when molten or in aqueous solution using electricity.

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7
Q

Test for chlorine?

A

Bleaches/turns colourless damp blue litmus paper

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8
Q

How is heat produced in zinc extraction?

A

By coke burning in air! (C+O2 —-> CO2)

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9
Q

What is a fuel? And an example of a solid one which is not a fossil fuel?

A

A substance burnt to produce energy/heat. Wood/biomass is an example

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10
Q

Characteristics of homologous series?

A 
Same FUNCTIONAL group.
Consecutive members differ by CH2.
Physical properties vary in predictable manner.
Common method of preparation.
Same GENERAL formula.
Similar chemical properties.
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11
Q

Methyl orange indicator in acid, neutral & alkali

A

In acid its red.

In neutral and alkaline its yellow.

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12
Q

Phenolphthalein indicator in acid, neutral and alkali?

A

Colourless in acid and neutral.

Pink in alkali.

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13
Q

How are carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide formed in motor vehicle engines?

A

Carbon dioxide formed by complete combustion of petrol

Carbon monoxide formed by incomplete combustion of petrol (2C + O2 —> 2CO)

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14
Q

Why is an alloy preferred to its original constituent metals?

A

It is harder/stronger.
It is more resistant to corrosion.
It has a better appearance.

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15
Q

Explain COMPLETELY the transfer of electrons in terms of a piece of steel exposed but coated with zinc?

A

The steel does not rust because zinc is more reactive than steel underneath so zinc loses electrons to oxygen and water instead of steel.
Zin forms IONS instead of steel.

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16
Q

What is a photochemical reaction?

A

A reaction whose rate is influenced by light

It occurs only in presence of light.

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17
Q

What are the two functions of coke in a blast furnace?

A

As a reducing agent.

Source of heat/energy.

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18
Q

What would the equations at anode and cathode be for the electrolysis of aluminium oxide?

A

Anode: 2O2- —> O2 + 4e-
Cathode: Al3+ + 3e- —-> Al

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19
Q

When you are side to describe things that would be observed in a reaction, which two main things should you think about?

A

That if it’s a solid then some of it will disappear/dissolve.
There will be a colour change.

20
Q

Conditions for fermentation?

A

Yeast as a catalyst.
Anaerobic.
20-40 degrees C.
Aqueous solution.

21
Q

Which raw material is the source of ethene?

A

Crude oil/petroleum

22
Q

Physical properties of alkanes?

A

They are colourless and first four members are gases at room temperature and pressure. As the carbon chain gets longer, boiling points increase.

22
Q

Properties of ionic compounds?

A

High melting and boiling points because of strong forces between ions.
Soluble in water but insoluble in other covalent compounds
Conduct electricity when molten only

23
Q

Pattern of molecules in a solid vs in a gas

A

They have a fixed and REGULAR arrangement of molecules in solid and it is irregular and random in a gas

24
Q

Describe decanting and centrifugation?

A

Decanting is pouring off the solution - suitable for solids and very heavy particles (e.g. Sand from water).

Centrifuge is a machine which spins test tubes round at high speeds and this pulls solid to bottom. Then you can decant liquid from solid.

25
Q

Describe two things about equilibrium?

A

Rates of forward/backward are the same.

Concentrations do not change.

26
Q

During fermentation, why does the rate increase initially and then why does it decrease?

A

Increases initially as temperature is higher/yeast multiply.

Then decreases glucose (reactant) it being used up AND concentration of ethanol is high enough to kill yeast.

27
Q

Effects to environment of non-biodegradable plastics?

A

Landfills increase and use natural resources.
Ingestion can be fatal to animals.
Animals can get caught in plastics.
Exposure to air, light, water causes plastics to emit toxic pollutants.

28
Q

Why is graphite soft and why is it a good conductor of electricity?

A

It is soft because of weak forces between layers - so layers slide over each other.
It conducts electricity as it has free electrons that can move between layers.

29
Q

Structure of silicon dioxide? And properties that is has similar to diamond?

A

Every silicon atom is bonded to 4 oxygen atoms.

Diamond and Silicon IV oxide have high density, are hard, have high mp/bp, non conductor of electricity/heat.

30
Q

Uses of graphic due to its softness and also conduction of electricity?

A
  • Lubricants, pencils, polishes

- electrodes, brushes (in motor)

31
Q

Uses of sulfur dioxide?

A

Sterilising, insecticide, bleaching/in manufacture of wood pulp, fruit juice, food

32
Q

How is sulfur dioxide made from the ore zinc sulfide?

A

Roasting of ore zinc sulfide IN AIR

2ZnS + 3O2 —> 2ZnO + 2SO2

33
Q

What is an advantage of lower temperature in a reaction (not including reversible reactions)?

A

To save energy

34
Q

Why is sulfuric acid not reacted directly in water?

A
  • reaction is too violent

- a fine mist of sulfuric acid forms

35
Q

Why is carbon monoxide formed higher in Blast Furnace?

A

There is insufficient oxygen.
Carbon reacts with carbon dioxide.
(C + CO2 –> 2CO)

36
Q

Why does molten iron not react with air? (In blast furnace)

A

There is no oxygen in contact with iron.

The layers of slag prevents hot iron reacting with oxygen.

37
Q

Name at least 5 fossil fuels

A

Crude oil, natural gas, coal, refinery gas, gasoline

38
Q

Why is combustion of wood more effective than coal in terms of reducing CO2 level in atmosphere?

A
  • Wood combustion produces less CO2
  • trees (wood) takes in CO2 by photosynthesis
  • So overall wood is a carbon neutral fuel
39
Q

Use of mild steel&high carbon steel and low alloy steels&stainless steel?

A

Mild steel - car bodies, machinery, building material
High carbon steel - hammers, drills, knives
Low alloy steel - bicycle chains, bridges
Stainless steel - pipes/towers @chemical factories, cutlery, surgical instruments

40
Q

What is the use of paraffin, gasoline and lubricating oil?

A
  • Paraffin: jet fuel
  • Gasoline: fuel for cars
  • Lubricating oil: Vaseline/waxes
41
Q

In terms of electrons, what is an oxidant/oxidising agent and where would you find the best ion for an oxidant in the reactivity series?

A

An oxidising agent is an substance that causes the loss of electrons. Therefore a job lower down in reactivity series would be best because it is least reactive - gains electrons more easily.

42
Q

Why can’t giant covalent structures conduct electricity?

A

They have no ions and they no free moving electrons.

43
Q

Describe bonding in a typical metal.

A

Lattice of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons with attractive forces between positive ions&the electrons

44
Q

How can you prepare a neutral solution of magnesium chloride?

A

Add Magnesium metal to hydrochloric acid.
Add until excess
Filter off

45
Q

If a salt has indicator still in it, how can you obtain a neutral solution of a salt (e.g. Lithium chloride) w/o the indicator?

A
  1. Add carbon and then filter

2. Or do titration and repeat experiment without indicator using same quantity of acid.

Chemistry (1 decks)

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