Written test 1

Question 1

Casualties

Answer 1

People who are injured.

Question 2

Civilisation

Answer 2

to develop people by providing them with information that changes their
behaviour in a positive manner.

Question 3

Crusades

Answer 3

christian expeditions

Question 4

Embalming

Answer 4

preservation of dead bodies

Question 5

Infirmary

Answer 5

a place where sick people are accommodated

Question 6

Trepanning

Answer 6

making a surgical hole in the skull in order to relieve pressure by
removing fluid or blood.

Question 7

what is health

Answer 7

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 8

what is the health-ill-continuum

Answer 8

it shows The health status of patients and influences the way nurses relate to them and the use of the nursing process

Question 9

what does the health belief model indicate

Answer 9

The health-belief model describes the health behaviour of people in relation to what they believe about themselves and about health, and in relation to the
decision-making process in seeking healthcare services.

This model includes three components that people may perceive:
○ Their susceptibility to disease
○ The seriousness of a disease
○ The value of action.

Question 10

Amulet

Answer 10

An object that is culturally considered to protect a person from trouble, such
as a trinket worn to chase away evil spirits.

Question 11

Charms

Answer 11

Objects that are culturally considered to have power or a spell over evil.

Question 12

culture

Answer 12

A way of life that encompasses the ideas, customs and social behaviour of
a particular people or society.

Question 13

Cultural knowledge

Answer 13

The process in which the healthcare professional seeks and
obtains a sound educational base about culturally diverse groups.

Question 14

Paradigm

Answer 14

A system of understanding and organising knowledge.

Question 15

Supernatural

Answer 15

Something that has abnormal power.

Question 16

Traditional practitioner

Answer 16

People who practise traditional medicine and have
healing powers endowed upon them

Question 17

what are the two aspects of culture

Answer 17

Culture consists of two major aspects:
○ Observable phenomena, such as manner of dress, diet, architecture,
language, writing and the arts
○ Norms and values, including how people behave, about right and
wrong, and good and bad.

Question 18

what does the magico-religious paradigm believe

Answer 18

illness has a supernatural cause, as opposed to injury, which
has a specific and obvious cause.
● Consequently, the cure for illness lies in the supernatural or spiritual
dimension.

Question 19

what does the biomedical paradigm believe

Answer 19

there is a demonstrable cause-and-effect
relationship for all types of illness.
● These causes may be due to environmental factors,trauma, pathogens, fluid
and chemical imbalances or structural changes.

Question 20

what does the hollistic paradigm believe

Answer 20

human beings are seen as a part of nature.
● They (human beings) have a need to maintain a balance and harmony with
the laws that govern the cosmos.
● Disturbing the cosmic balance causes imbalance, disharmony, chaos and
disease.

Question 21

what is the role of the nurse in a multi-disciplinary team

Answer 21

Key aspects should be assessed routinely during nursing care and especially
upon admission of the patient
● Diet and food habits
● Rituals and taboos in the life cycle e.g., sexuality, birth and death
● Health and illness beliefs
● Types of practitioners consulted
● Health/illness behaviours and decision making (family, clan)
● Relationships with health professionals
● Genetically based biological variations e.g., blood values, bone structure and
density
● Practices related to modesty
● Discussion of sensitive issues

Question 22

what is the nursing process

Answer 22

It is a systemic approach to nursing that involves interaction with each patient to assess needs and problems, make decisions regarding the resolution of the patients needs and problems and implement the planned nursing actions based on the assessed needs and problems.

Question 23

Collaborative nursing interventions

Answer 23

A partnership in which all members of the health team are valued for their contribution in the care of patients.

Question 24

Dependent nursing interventions

Answer 24

Nursing interventions based on the prescription of care from another health professional.

Question 25

Discharge plan

Answer 25

Planning for the needs of the patient after discharge from the
hospital. It is a future-oriented plan.

Question 26

Expected outcome

Answer 26

A detailed statement describing the desired result following
implementation of intervention methods.

Question 27

Goal

Answer 27

An aim, intent or an end – a broadly written statement describing the intended or desired change in the patient’s behaviour or condition.

Question 28

Initial planning

Answer 28

The first plan of care drawn out on admission or when the patient is
first admitted into a health facility. It includes a comprehensive subjective and objective assessment regimen to be able to identify the patient’s actual, potential and possible problems.

Question 29

Nurse-initiated or independent nursing interventions

Answer 29

Nursing actions initiated by
the nurse that do not require direction or an order from another healthcare
professional.

Question 30

Nursing care plan

Answer 30

An outline of actions to be taken in the care of individual patients
to address identified individualised patients’ problems.

Question 31

Nursing interventions

Answer 31

Nursing activities which are directed at enabling the patient
to meet his or her needs and achieve the expected outcomes of care.

Question 32

Ongoing planning

Answer 32

Continuous updating of the client’s plan of care. Every nurse
who cares for the patient is involved in ongoing planning. As new information about the patient is gathered and evaluated, revisions may be formulated, and the initial plan of care becomes further individualised.

Question 33

what are the main steps or phases of the nursing process (ADPIE)

Answer 33

Assessment
Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

Question 34

what is subjective data

Answer 34

how to obtain info from a patient
Questionnaire
● Factors to consider during the interview
● Be courteous, attentive, supportive, show interest, professional, inspire
confidence, sensitivity and awareness of patient fears