written PAMs Laser and ISO

Question 1

types of light sources

Answer 1

LED, SLD, and Laser

Question 2

___ of lights affects the depth it penetrates

Answer 2

wavelength

Question 3

which wavelengths are most commonly used

Answer 3

RED or IR

Question 4

IR penetrates how deep

Answer 4

2-4cm

Question 5

lasters used in therpay are class what

Answer 5

3B

Question 6

another name for LLLT

Answer 6

photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT)

Question 7

LLLT or PBMT may facilitate what

Answer 7

healing

Question 8

dosing/energy density formula

Answer 8

J/cm2
(J is power)

Question 9

energy formula

Answer 9

power (W) x Time (s)

Question 10

physiological effects of PBM

Answer 10

atp production
cellular reaction
collagen production
control inflmmation
vasodilation

Question 11

clinical indications of LLLT

Answer 11

soft tissue/bone/wound healing
arthritis
lymphedema
carpal tunnel syndrome
pain management

Question 12

soft tissue (tendon, skin, and cartilage) healing dosing

Answer 12

4-15 J/cm2

Question 13

soft tissue healing (muscle) dosing

Answer 13

2-8 J/cm2

Question 14

bone healing dosing

Answer 14

up to 15 J/cm2

Question 15

arthritis dosing

Answer 15

2-15 J/cm2

Question 16

lymphedema dosing

Answer 16

1-2 J/cm2

Question 17

carpal tunnel syndrome/neuropathy healing

Answer 17

8-12 J/cm2

Question 18

LLLT precautions

Answer 18

epiphyseal plates in children
impaired sensation and mentation
photophobia
photosensitizer medications

Question 19

LLLT contraindications

Answer 19

irradiation of eyes
malignancy
low back/abdomen when pregnant
within 4-6 months of radiotherpay
hemorrhage
thyroid glands

Question 20

iontophoresis is the use of a ___ electrical direct current (DC) to facilitate what

Answer 20

low; transdermal drug delivery

Question 21

ionic solution is the ions with a ___ that is the ___ as that of the stimulating electrode

Answer 21

polarity; same

Question 22

delivery electrode is ___ and dispersive electrode is ___

Answer 22

medicine; completes the circuit

Question 23

medication electrode is placed over what area

Answer 23

treatment

Question 24

dispersive electrode is placed over ___ and at least ___ inches from medication electrode

Answer 24

major muscle; 3 inches

Question 25

medications used in iontophoresis are

Answer 25

dexamthasone and acetic acid (- both)

Question 26

precautions for iontophoresis are

Answer 26

scarring musculoskeletal inflammatory conditions such as bursitis and tendonitis

Question 27

contraindications for iontophoresis are

Answer 27

damaged skin/open lesions allergy to meds impaired sensation to heat or pain stimuli prescence of flammable sprays electric implants