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ACOLS MLD Training > Written Exam > Flashcards

Written Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the collectors?

A

Transport lymph to lymph nodes in lymphatic trunks

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2
Q

Where are the superficial collectors located?

A

In the superficial fatty tissue, above the fascia

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the pre-collectors?

A

Connect superficial capillaries to superficial collectors

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the initial lymph capillary?

A

Lymph formation

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the deep lymphatic system?

A

Drains the muscles and tendons, joints, and inner organs

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6
Q

Where is the deep lymphatic system located?

A

Beneath the fascia

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7
Q

Which structures comprise the superficial lymphatic system?

A

Initial lymph capillaries, pre-collectors and lymph collectors

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8
Q

Which lymphatic structures filter, lymph fluid?

A

Lymph nodes

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9
Q

How much lymph fluid is normally returned to the venous system in 24 hours

A

2 to 4 L

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10
Q

What are the four main components of the lymphatic load?

A

Water, proteins, cells/cell fragments, and long chain fatty acids

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11
Q

What are some common conditions that can cause edema

A

Heart conditions, pregnancy, venous insufficiencies, renal failure, kidney disease

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of lymphedema in the United States?

A

Breast cancer surgery

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13
Q

What is edema?

A

An accumulation of water in the tissues

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14
Q

Where does the thoracic duct originate?

A

Cisterna chyli

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15
Q

What regional lymph nodes do the external genitalia drain into?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

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16
Q

What group of lymph nodes do the internal reproductive organs drain into?

A

Pelvic lymph nodes

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17
Q

What percentage of lymph from the mammary gland drains into the parasternal lymph nodes? What percentage drains into the axillary lymph nodes?

A

25% drains into parasternal lymph nodes

75% trains into axillary lymph nodes

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18
Q

Where is the bottle neck of the ventromedial bundle located?

A

Behind the medial femoral condyle/medial aspect of the knee

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19
Q

Where do the three chains of the lateral circle triangle drain into?

A

The left or right venous angle

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20
Q

True or false? The clavicle forms the posterior border of the lateral cervical triangle.

A

False

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21
Q

True or false? The sternocleidomastoid muscle forms anterior border of the lateral cervical triangle.

A

True

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22
Q

What is the path of the gluteal watershed?

A

Starts at the sagittal watershed on posterior of the body and curves out laterally to the middle of the Glute. It’s continuation goes down to the popliteal fossa.

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23
Q

Where is the sagittal watershed located?

A

Directly in the center/midline of the body, dividing the body into left and right

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24
Q

Where is the location of the lower horizontal watershed? Where does it start and end?

A

Starts at the umbilicus and follows the caudal limitation of the rib cage to the vertebral column at the level of T 12

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25
Q

The horizontal watershed separates what?

A

Neck and shoulder territory from the arm and thorax territories

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26
Q

Where are most of the axillary lymph nodes located?

A

Between the pectoralis, major, and latissimus dorsi muscles

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27
Q

What is the main purpose of the lymphatic system?

A

To drain the substances, that cannot be drained or reabsorbed by the circulatory system, and returns them to the blood

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28
Q

All of the collectors in the forearm, convergent bottle neck at the ________________ _________________.

A

antecubital fossa

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29
Q

The thoracic duct perforates the ____________________.

A

Diaphragm

30
Q

The majority of the lymph fluid in the body returns to the _________________.

A

Left venous angle

31
Q

Where does the length from above the upper horizontal watershed drain into?

A

Cervical lymph nodes

32
Q

Where do the lower quadrant drain into?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes

33
Q

Where do the upper quadrants drain into?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

34
Q

On the extremities territories are called what

A

Bundles

35
Q

Name all of the effects of MLD

A

Improve activity of one vessels
Mobilize lymph fluid
Redirect lymph around blocked areas to healthy areas
Increase lymph production increase contraction frequency of lymph collectors
Create suction affect on distal limbs, collectors
Increase venous return
Analgesic effect

36
Q

True or false? Lymphedema is a symptom while edema is a disease.

A

False

37
Q

What are the absolute contra indications for deep abdominal techniques?

A

Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, recent, abdominal surgery, radiation fibrosis, unexplained pain post, deep vein thrombosis and abdominal area

38
Q

Pregnancy, congestive heart failure, dysmenorrhea, and lleus are contraindications for __________________.

A

Abdominal techniques

39
Q

Is blood pressure in the arteries higher or lower than blood capillary pressure?

A

Higher

40
Q

Are what happens when the precapillary sphincter dilates?

A

More blood will flow into the blood capillary, BCP will increase, filtration will increase

41
Q

What happens when the pre-capillary sphincter contracts?

A

Less blood flows into blood capillary, BCP, decreases, filtration slows down

42
Q

What upsets equilibrium of starlings law?

A

Passive hyperemia, active hyperemia, hypoproteinemia

43
Q

What is starlings law?

A

The amount of fluid filtered from the arterial blood capillaries almost exactly equals the amount of fluid returned to the circulation by reabsorption

44
Q

What is lymph time volume?

A

The amount of lymph transported in a unit of time

45
Q

What is filtration?

A

Transport of a solution through a filter provided the membrane is permeable to water

46
Q

What is transport capacity?

A

The maximum amount of lymph transported with the lymphatic system, working as hard as possible in a given length of time

47
Q

What is a dynamic insufficiency?

A

A healthy lymphatic system is overwhelmed, high, volume insufficiency

48
Q

What is edema?

A

Abnormal accumulation of water in the tissues

49
Q

What is lymphedema?

A

Abnormal accumulation of protein rich fluid in the tissue

50
Q

What is reabsorption?

A

Process by which water is reabsorb from the tissues back into the venous end of the blood capillaries

51
Q

What is a mechanical insufficiency of the lymphatic system?

A

Transport capacity drops below, the normal amount of lymphatic load, low-volume insufficiency

52
Q

What is the functional reserve of the lymphatic system?

A

Back up of the lymphatic system – amount of compensation

53
Q

If a healthy lymphatic system is overwhelmed, and the lymphatic load of water exceeds the transport Capacity, it is called ____________________.

A

Dynamic insufficiency

54
Q

What is hypoproteinemia?

A

Abnormal deficiency of the amount of protein in the blood

55
Q

When live volume increases, what happens to lymphangiomotoricity?

A

it will also increase

56
Q

What is the main function of the lymph nodes?

A

To filter harmful material out of the lymph fluid and to produce and house lymphocytes and macrophages for immune system function

57
Q

What structures form the medial femoral triangle with a filter located?

A

Inguinal ligament
Gracilis muscle
Sartorius muscle

58
Q

What skin areas drain to the inguinal lymph nodes?

A

Legs
Lower quadrants
External genitalia

59
Q

What parts of the body do the axillary lymph nodes drain?

A

Upper quadrant of the trunk and upper extremities

60
Q

How much fluid returns to the left of venous angle in 24 hours?

A

2 to 4 L

61
Q

The lateral cervical triangle consist of which lymph nodes

A

Deep, cervical lymph nodes

62
Q

The venous angles are also known as what

A

The terminus

63
Q

What do veins form the venous angle?

A

Internal jugular and subclavian

64
Q

What part of the body drain into the right venous angle

A

Right side of head face and neck
Right upper quadrant
Right upper extremity

65
Q

What are the two bundles of the lower leg?

A

Ventromedial and dorsolateral

66
Q

Which part of the nervous system innervates the lymph collectors?

A

Sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system

67
Q

The rate at which Olympic Indians contract is referred to as ________________________.

A

Lymphangiomotoricity

68
Q

Increase in lymphangiomotoricity in response to increase lymphatic load is called ________________.

A

Lymphatic safety factor

69
Q

What are the general absolute contraindications of MLD?

A

Acute infection
Renal failure
Cardiac edema

70
Q

What are the absolute contraindications for the neck?

A

Carotid Endarterectomy
Hyper thyroidism
History of cerebral vascular accident

71
Q

What are the absolute contraindications for abdominal area?

A

Inflammatory conditions of the large intestine or small intestine might be

ACOLS MLD Training (1 decks)

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