Writing Proposal Flashcards
Method includes first 3 points
Study design
• Describe the type of study (e.g., cross-sectional, case-
control… in one short bullet.
Study setting
• Describe the place and timing of the study
Study population
• Specify the population in which you will undertake the study
(State, district, population size).
• Specify any inclusion or exclusion criteria
Methods include
Sampling procedure
• Describe the type of sampling you will use.
Sample size
• Give your sample size and the main assumptions you used
to calculate it. This should contain enough information for
the reader to redo the calculations to check the estimate.
Operational Definitions
• Provide information regarding the key case definitions
Methods include
Data collection
• Explain shortly the process of data collection
• Specify how the data will be collected (Data collection tool:
Questionnaire, interview, examination…)
Analysis plan
• Summarize the type of analysis (e.g., descriptive, analytical,
stratified, multivariate) that you will carry out. Mention laboratory
analysis if they will be part of the study.
Ethical Approval
• Mention key measures to ensure the protection of human subjects in
your study
Errors to avoid when writing Methods
▪ Not enough information
▪ Background/Introduction materials are included in the methods
▪ Described statistics are not adequate
▪ Many references: should be limited to references for methods
▪ Large block of texts without subheadings
Errors to avoid when writing Methods
▪ Mention the number of subjects recruited
▪ Lack of details or excessive details on data collection
▪ Use of labels that the reader can not decipher
▪ Absence of progression from the simple to the complex
Research objectives help researcher to
Focus on the study variables
▪ Avoid collection of unnecessary data
▪ Facilitate development of research methodology
Criteria of the objective
SMART
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time 🕰️ bound
Reference
is the detailed bibliographic description of the item from which you gained your
information.
Reference is briefly cited within the………… , and then given in……………… of the work in the
…………
Reference is briefly cited within the text, and then given in full at the end of the work in the
reference list.
The researchers should
Identify and acknowledge various sources they have used in their work or writecup
Referencing is a system used by……………… to indicate the source of the ideas, theories,
quotes, facts, or any other evidence, data, and information used.
Referencing is a system used by academicians to indicate the source of the ideas, theories,
quotes, facts, or any other evidence, data, and information used.
▪ It is an essential part of any scientific writing, and one must do this in all academic assignments.
Reference
Appendices
Appendices can include:
Sample questionnaires
▪ Interview questions,
▪ Photographs,
▪ Detailed procedure of conducting a procedure
▪ Others
