Writing Ideas Flashcards
خود رای بودن، انتقاد ناپذیر بود
رییسی که انتقاد پذیر نیست، دوست و همکاری که خود رای هست
Question:
Is it good to be criticizable?
_ A dogmatic/stalwart/staunch believer in the universal validity of one’s opinion
_ Being dismissive of others’ suggestion
_Hidebound
_Intransigent
_Autocratic
_Stubbornly persistent in one’s wrongdoing
_Inflexible about one’s belief
_Turning a deaf ear to other’s say
_willful
_Listening to others with a dismissive gesture
_persisting in one’s position unwaveringly / Uncompromisingly / steadfastly / unfalteringly
صفت زودباور و ساده لوح بودن
Gullible
Credulous
روش های فریب دهنده تبلیغاتی:
Marketing companies lure gullible customers into buying products of poor quality.
lure = Brainwash
برای اینکه همیشه ذهن خلاقی داشته باشیم و
Out-of-the-box-thinker نبودن
تمرین که میکنین در مورد جملات فکر کنین و از خودتون سوال کنین :
کمپانی ها از چه روشهای استفاده میکنن؟
- Celebrity Endorsement
- Provocative images
- Manipulating unconscious thoughts
- Attention-Grabbing words
- Giving empty promises, without even bothering to check out whether the products live up to their promises or not
-Resorting to morally & ethically questionable practices to make a fortune
How:
Example1: CCT camera & burglar alarm producers collude with (تبانی) advertiser companies to create a sense of insecurity to boost their sales.
Example2: They use luminaries of stage and screen to make customers, especially star-struck teenagers, get the impression that they will gain the same level of beauty & lifestyle as their role models if they use a specific product.
_ Teenagers who are suffering from anorexia have their dream body or those who put them under the knife of surgery are the victims of fraudulent
advertisers.
Burglary alarm: آلارم ضد سرقت
Star-Struck: مجذوب ستارگان
Luminaries of stage and screen: celebrities, public figures, famous personalities
- هدفشان از این کار چیست؟
To accumulate the vast sum of money
To win the customer war against their rivals
3.در مقابل مشتری زودباور مشتری هوشیار چی میشه؟
Savvy buyer/ customer
Technologically/ Financially savvy
Paraphrase for gullible: Easily persuaded customers Easily manipulated customers Easily influenced customers easily deceived
Greener Pasture
شرایط بهتر
More Favorable
Brain Drain in third world countries is the result of an inclination toward leaving the country for greener pasture in developed western countries.
Xenophobia
بیگانه هراسی
Chauvinism
Exaggerated and aggressive patriotic feeling
BrainStorm:
- Do you prefer students to study inner history or a foreign one?
Side: Foreign History
By reading the history of other nations, xenophobia & chauvinism will be gradually a thing of the past. This is because students will appreciate the uniqueness and glorious history of other countries.
Take/ Exact a toll
منجر به یک چیز ناخوشایند شدن
خسارت زدن
Cause loss or damage
To pose a threat
تهدیدی ایجاد کردن
Burglary
سرقت و کار مجرمانه
Breeding ground
جائیکه باعث به وجود آمدن شرائط ناخوشایند میشه
بستر فراهم
heinous crimes
جنایات فجیع
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
All university students should take basic science courses regardless of their fields of study.
To add insult to injury:
برداشتن واحدهای علوم پایه برای دانشآموزان علوم پایه چیزی نیست جز افزایش فشار جسمی و روحی به اونا، برنامه درسی بچه ها همینطوری هم سنگینه و برداشتن دروس پایه که چون دانش آموز تخصصی درش نداره خیلی سخت میکنه براش:
Given the demanding and complex assignments associated with every university course, requiring students to take part in basic courses irrelevant to their chosen fields is nothing but putting them under burdensome pressure. Because of the inefficient modern educational system, students have to pass
countless credits relevant to their fields. Adding insult to injury, some universities make it mandatory for students to take basic courses too, making their already heavy schedule even heavier. It is a recipe for disaster: students will have to spend many sleepless nights and burn the midnight oil to meet deadlines for these courses. This pressure can be felt deeply when the examinations draw closer. To stop this trend, which may hurt their mental and physical well-being, students should be required to take only a limited number of advanced courses which they are good at.
بدتر کردن شرایط
# To be a recipe for disaster
# To be a recipe for trouble / Success
منجر به یک فاجعه یا نتیجه (نا)خوشایند شدن
# To burn the midnight Oil
تا دیروقت کار کردن یا درس خواندن
#To draw closer =To be looming on the horizon
نزدیک شدن
برای نزدیک شدن یک رخداد مثل آزمون، انتخابات و غیره به کار میره
Science will soon make people live up to 100 years or even 200 years. Some believe this is a good thing while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Science plays an important role in making people immortal. While some think that it is considered valuable because it will increase the survival rate of human being, others argue that.In my opinion, science will definitely ensure people would live more than 200 years and it will bring positivity to the society.
To begin with, consider the people who support the concept that people would survive up to 100 years or more than that due to science because of advancement in the medical facilities. In other words, various kinds of vaccines and medications are available in the market, which secures the individuals from any vulnerable diseases. For instance, a recent article in the newspaper cleared that the mortality rate of the developing countries declined by 60% as compared with the past data. This can be done by the advancement in the medical treatment. Thus, science will rise the lifespan of the human on earth.
On the contrary, there are some people who disagree with the thought that if the people start living more than their average life, then it will be a disaster for the human race. As more resources will be needed by the humans and this would become a threat for the government as well on the environment. A recent theory, for example, revealed that nature needs healthy food chain so that every species plays their role for a specific period of time. Any disturbance with it, will put the life of another species in danger. Therefore, there should be limits on the survival rate of the humans on the earth.
In conclusion, in my opinion, science will enhance the life expectancy rate of the people and this beneficial for the humans too. When humans do not die on time. However, this could disturb the food chain of the nature.
In many countries, as people are earning more these days they are also spending money in buying more and more items. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
The rising level of people’s income is being increasingly witnessed in many nations nowadays and as a result, people tend to purchase more products compared to the past. In this essay, I shall discuss why I believe this is largely a positive development even though there are a few drawbacks associated with this trend.
There are numerous compelling reasons why this tendency is beneficial to the public and the prominent one is that buying more necessary life goods can improve people’s living conditions as it enables people to fulfil their life satisfaction and increased life expectancy more easily and effectively. Additionally, the economy will benefit a lot from this because it can stimulate the economic growth. A recent survey conducted in Japan has revealed that the consumer culture plays a crucial role in the economic development of the country. Therefore, these advantages have a profound impact on the society.
However, every coin has two sides. The main negative consequence of this trend is that it may lead to over consumption of products and a rapidly growing amount of rubbish in the public because people is encouraged by various manufacturers and advertisements to buy more and more products that they don’t really need then just throw them away after a while. Take myself for example, I’m planning to buy the newest smart phone in order to keep up the trend. As can be seen, our society could be adversely affected by this tendency as well.
To sum up, people like to spend more money on purchasing a wide range of products because they are having a higher salary than the past. Taking everything into consideration, I’m inclined to say that the positive aspects of this development surpass the negative points.
In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constricting new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.
The national expenditure on transportation is an area of heavy debate. While some people are of the opinion that more funds should be channelled towards building better rail tracks, so as to facilitate faster journeys between major cities, others are of the opinion that, strengthening the older systems will be more beneficial. In my opinion, it is vital to renovate the existing transport system. We will discuss both these views, in this essay.
Super fast trains ease the travel load in big cities, by providing faster journeys and covering long distances, which are otherwise implausible. In other words, a quality infrastructure for swift electric trains can help reduce the burden on other modes of transport, in major towns. For example, the introduction of electric trains in Japan, cut down the dependence on other modes of transport by a half, also providing quicker access to important zones in the city. Besides, this will reduce the pollution caused by vehicle emissions, as well. Though, it can be a valuable investment, it necessitates massive funding and can serve only a proportion of people.
On the other hand, many others are of the view that the funds should rather be used for renovation of the existing facilities. Unlike the super fast railways, these public systems cater to diverse sections of the society. Thus, these improvements are more basic than the urban railway projects. For instance, the developing world is largely dependent on its rural communities. In India, almost three-quarters of the population reside in the rural areas, thereby, increasing the dependence on the less sophisticated modalities of travel. Hence, it is vital to devote funds for the improvement of these existing systems.
In conclusion, though opinions vary regarding the expenditure on the national transportation infrastructure, I think it is extremely crucial to improve the existing travel networks, before the attention is shifted towards building better rail tracks to suit super fast trains. Plans for express trains should be reserved for the future.
There seems to be an increasing trend toward assessing students through exams rather than through continual assessment.
What are the ads & disadv of exams as a form of asessment?
In recent years, the approach of using exams as a tool to assess students has risen in pupularity over the altenrative of continual assessment. This essay will highlight / discuss both the benefits and drawbacks that results from such an approach.
To begin with the pluspoints, a crucial advantage that examinations offer as aform of assessment is that they leave little room for cheating. This is becuase exams are usally undertaken in the presence of invigilators, who are responsible to detect any candiate who break the rules. In contrast, continual assessment incraeses the risk of plagiarism since assignments are often completed through intenret. Besides reducing cheating, exams are also more time-efficient. As they tend to only happen once or twice per year, they free up more time for students to revise and prepare.
Nevertheless, assessing students via exams does present some problems. For instance, some students are extremely intelligent and creative, but when put under pressure their minds can go blank. Considering that exams are situations of intensely high pressure,it is no wonder that even the brightest students sometimes perform poorly. Another significant drawback of this system is the narrow range of information which students are tested on. Unlike with continual assessment, the small window of time in tests limits how many questions can be asked, thus failing to test students knowledge in full.
In conclusion, although formal examinations are beneficial in terms of cutting out cheating and improving efficiency, it is important to consider that they also harm some students’ concentration and are aargualbly not as thorough as continual assessment.
