Writing Flashcards
What are the four main modes of writing?
Opinion/argumentative, Informative/explanatory, Descriptive, and Narrative
Writing that persuades or convinces using support, details, and examples from the text.
Opinion/argumentative
Writing that informs, explains, or tells “how to” without using opinions.
Informative/explanatory
Writing that describes or helps form a visual picture using sensory details and spatial order.
Descriptive
A first-person account that tells a story as it happens using sensory details and chronological order
Narrative
Categories of artistic composition characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.
Some examples include fiction, nonfiction, poetry, folklore, and drama.
Genre
fictional stories that could be true
realistic fiction
fictional stories set during a real event or time in history (these stories will have historically accurate events and locations).
historical fiction
fictional stories that include monsters, fairies, magic, and/or other fantastical elements.
fantasy
text that informs the reader, such as a social science textbook
informational text
text that tells the life of another person (the author is not the subject of the book)
biography
text that describes one’s own life (the author is the subject of the book)
autobiography
writing that takes a position; the main goal is to convince the audience to think or believe something
persuasive writing
a short story that includes animals who speak and act like humans. there is usually a moral at the end.
fable
a story that showcases gods or goddesses and typically outlines the creation of something
myth
a story that may have once been true but is exaggerated, usually about extraordinary human beings
legend
a story that has both human and magical creatures in it
fairy tale
entertainment consisting of jokes and satirical sketches intended to make an audience laugh
comedy
a play dealing with solemn events and having an unhappy ending especially concerning the downfall of the main character
tragedy
When should rubrics be given to students in the writing process?
Before (to convey explicit expectations), During (so students can check their progress), and After (to communicate grades/progress)!
What are the three elements that shape the content in a piece of writing?
Tone, purpose, and audience.
refers to the overall feeling of the piece of writing. this element conveys a specific attitude toward the audience and the subject.
tone
refers to the reason for the piece of writing
purpose
refers to the individuals the writer expects to read the piece of writing
audience
analyzes two or more items to establish similarities/differences
compare & contrast
gives information in order of occurrence
chronological sequence
describes things as they appear
spatial sequence
gives reason/explanation for events happening as a result of another event
cause & effect
sets up a problem and outlines a solution
problem & solution
What are some tools that can help students write clearly and coherently?
organizers, transitional words, cooperative learning, frameworks, and rubrics
students mapping out what they are going to write first (example: mind maps)
organization
these words connect parts of a paragraph to one another
transitional words
some examples of this type of learning include peer reviews, brainstorming sessions, and editing roundtables
cooperative learning
these formulas allow students to follow a step by step structure and write/plug their information into the pre-established formula to as students build confidence
frameworks
these assessment tools outline expectations for student writing
rubrics
when teaching vocabulary it is best to teach in ______ and not just use a dictionary to find word meaning
context
what type of writing is appropriate for preliterate to emergent students?
scribbling/marks intended to communicate with
what type of writing is appropriate for emergent students?
mock handwriting or wavy scribble
and mock letters
what type of writing is appropriate for transitional students?
conventional letters, and invented spelling
what type of writing is appropriate for fluent students?
conventional spelling
in this stage of developing writing skills, children write words using phonemic awareness. the words are not spelled correctly but do resemble the sounds of the words (i.e. wuz versus was).
invented spelling
what are the stages of the research process (for writing)
1) identify and develop your topic
2) find background information/research
3) organize information & citations
4) evaluate information & write research question
5) write your draft
6) edit, correct and revise
7) write final draft and cite references
what are some examples of reliable sources?
published results of research studies/scientific experiments/clinical trials, or proceedings of conferences and meetings
what are some examples of unreliable sources?
online blogs about a particular topic
chats or discussion forums on the internet
websites from private companies
restating a text, passage, or work to express the meaning in another form
paraphrasing
passing off the ideas of another as one’s own; using another’s work without crediting the source
plagiarism
True or false:
You never have to add citations to information you paraphrased
FALSE
these academic sources are found in databases and are considered credible.
peer-reviewed journals/articles
digital way of evaluating sources: helpful for a general audience, for background information, evaluating different perspectives on a topic, and for current news events.
websites
