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Biomechanics I > wrist osteology and arthrology > Flashcards

wrist osteology and arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

where is lister’s tubercle located

A

dorsal radius

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2
Q

discribe the distal articular surface of the radius

A

concave in both ML and AP with facets in the articular surface

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3
Q

what is the ulna tilt and what is its importance

A

distal end radius 25 degrees toward ulna

allows more ulna dev than radial dev

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4
Q

why is radial dev less than ulna dev

A

carpals hit radial styloid process in radial dev

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5
Q

what is the significance of palmar tilt

A

10 degrees

allows for more flx than ext in wrist

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6
Q

what bones are included in the proximal row of the carpals

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

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7
Q

what bones are included in the distal row of the carpals

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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8
Q

what row of the carpals is more tightly bound

A

distal row

bound tightly by strong ligaments

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9
Q

what type of joint is formed with the scaphoid and 4 other caprals

A

synovial

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10
Q

the proximal convex pole of the scaphoid articulates with what structure

A

radius

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11
Q

the distal convex pole of the scaphoid articulates with what structure

A

trapezium and trapezoid

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12
Q

the deep concavity of the scaphoid holds what structure

the small concavity holds what

A

capitate

lunate

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13
Q

t/f
the scaphoid is most frequently fractured carpal

A

true

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14
Q

t/f
the scaphoid is most frequently fractured carpal

A

true

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15
Q

what is kienbocks disease

A

softening of the lunate AVN

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16
Q

describe the lunate

A

moon shaped
central bone in proximal row
fits into radius

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17
Q

t/f
the lunate is the most stable bone of the carpal bone

A

false
the lunate is the most commonly dislocated bone
most inherently unstable d/t lack of strong ligaments in capitate with no muscle attachments

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18
Q

descibe the triquetrum

A

triangular bone
most ulnar just distal to ulna
articular facet that accepts pisiform

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19
Q

describe the pisiform

A

shaped like a pea
loose articulation with triquetrum
acts like a sesamoid bone

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20
Q

what tendon is the pisiform embedded in

A

FCU tendon

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21
Q

what attaches at the pisiform

A

abd digiti minimi, transverse carpal ligament

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22
Q

describe the capitate

A

largest, central carpal bone
articulates with 7 carpal bones

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23
Q

t/f
the capitate is well stabilized by short strong ligaments

A

true

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24
Q

what bone concavities does the capitate articulate with

A

scaphoid and lunate

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25
Q

describe the trapezium

A

asymmetrical
concave at scaphoid
distal saddle like surface

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26
Q

what attaches at the trapezium tubercle

A

transverse carpal ligament

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27
Q

describe the trapezoid

A

small
wedged between capitate and trapezium
firm attachment to 2nd metacarpal

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28
Q

describe the hamate

A

large hooklike process
located at base of 4/5 metacarpals

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29
Q

what attaches at the hamate

A

transverse carpal ligament

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30
Q

what is the functional mobility of the hamate

A

cupped hand

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31
Q

what is carpal tunnel made up of

what is its function

A

thick fibrous band of connective tissue - transverse carpal ligament

attachment site for man intrinsic muscles on the hand and palmaris longus

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32
Q

what are the 4 raised points that the carpal tunnel connects

A

pisiform
hook of hamate
tubercle of scaphoid
tubercle of trapezium

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33
Q

describe the radiocarpal joint

A

concave radius/disc and convex scaphoid/lunate

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34
Q

where is the highest contact of the radiocarpal joint

A

at slight extension and ulnar dev

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35
Q

describe the midcarpal joint

A

between prox and distal rows
continuous capsule

36
Q

t/f
the midcarpal joint allows for more medial movement than lateral

A

true

37
Q

how many intercarpal joints are there

A

13 joints

38
Q

where are extrinsic ligaments of the wrist located

A

from radius or ulna

39
Q

where are intrinsic ligaments of the wrist located

A

within wrist

40
Q

____ surrounds wrist and distal radioulnar joint

A

fibrous capsule

41
Q

t/f
no ligaments are embedded in fibrous capsule of the wrist

A

false
ligaments are embedded in fibrous capsule of the wrist

42
Q

where is the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) located

A

space between pisiform/triquetrum, lunate, and ulna

43
Q

how many degrees of freedom is in the wrist

what are they

A

2 degrees of freedom

flx-ext, ulnar-radial deviaiton

44
Q

is wrist circumduction a 3rd degree of freedom

A

no, combo of flx/ext and ulnar/radial dev

45
Q

where is the axis located of wrist movement

A

head of capitate

46
Q

what is the plane of motion of wrist flx/ext

A

ML

47
Q

what is the plane of motion of radial/ulnar deviation

A

AP

48
Q

the rotation of the ___ directs the osteokinematics of entire hand

A

capitate

49
Q

how many degrees is normal for sagittal plane motion of the wrist

A

flexion: 0-75/85
extension: 0-60/75

50
Q

t/f
higher than average palmar tilt of radius does not affect wrist extension

A

false
higher than average palmar tilt of radius may limit extension

51
Q

what are normal degrees of motion in the frontal plan for the wrist

A

radial dev: 50-60

ulnar deviation: 0-35/40 and 0-15/20

52
Q

what range of motion is needed for wrist ADLs
flx/ext:
radial dev:
ulnar dev:

A

flx/ext: 40 degrees each
radial dev: 10 degrees
ulnar dev: 30 degrees

53
Q

what motion naturally occurs with radial dev

A

wrist extension

54
Q

what motion naturally occurs with ulnar dev

A

wrist flexion

55
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of wrist extension

A

convex lunate rolls dorsally and slides in a palmar direction

head of capitate rolls dorsally on lunate and slides in palmar direction

56
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of wrist flexion

A

convex lunate rolls palmar direction and slides dorsally

head of capitate rolls palmar direction on lunate and slides in dorsally

57
Q

wrist arthrokinematics is driven by ___ but guided/controlled by passive tension within the ____

A

muscles
ligaments

58
Q

describe the motions of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum motion during ulnar dev

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum roll in ulnar direction and slide radially

59
Q

describe the arthrokinematics of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum motion during radial dev

A

scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum roll in radial direction and slide in ulnar direction

60
Q

what joint is responsible for 80% of the motion of radial dev

A

MC joint

61
Q

carpal instability is most commonly due to…

A

usually lax or ruptured ligaments

62
Q

what is the most frequently dislocated carpal bone

A

lunate

63
Q

what muscles are innervated by the radial nerve

A

all muscles that cross the dorsal side of the wrist
ECRB
ECRL
ECU

64
Q

what muscles are innervated by the medial and ulanr nerve

A

all muscles that cross the palmar side of the wrist
FCR, PL - median
FCU - ulnar

65
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the RC and MC joints

A

RC - C6, C7
MC - C6-C8

66
Q

list the primary wrist extensors that act on only wrist

A

extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris

67
Q

list the secondary wrist extensors that act on the wrist and hand

A

extensor digitorum
extensor indicis
extensor digiti minimi
extensor pollicis longus

68
Q

what secures extensor tendons in place

A

extensor retinaculum

69
Q

what is de quervain’s tenosynovitis located

A

compartment 1

70
Q

contraction of the extrinsic finger flexors flexes the fingers and creates a ___ ___ torque

A

wrist flexion torque

71
Q

what muscles block the wrist flexion caused by activation of finger flexor muscles

A

wrist extensors

72
Q

what is the length-tensor relationship of the wrist

A

wrist extensors maintain optimal length of the finger flexors to effectively flex fingers

73
Q

maximal grip force occurs at about __ degrees of extension

A

30 degrees

74
Q

what population most commonly has lateral epicondylitis

A

hammering
tennis players

75
Q

what symptoms are common with lateral epicondylitis

A

painful/weak grip
pain with passive wrist flexion and pronation
tenderness over lateral epicondyle

76
Q

list the primary wrist flexors

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus

77
Q

what are the secondary wrist flexors

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor pollicis longus
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus

78
Q

what is the function of the palmar carpal ligament

A

stabilizes/prevents bowstringing

79
Q

what muscle has the highest wrist flexion torque of all 3 flexors

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

80
Q

what 2 muscles work together as synergists to oppose deviations

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis

81
Q

t/f
wrist flexors are able to produce 70% higher isometric torque than extensors

A

true

82
Q

peak wrist flexion torque is at __ degrees flexion

A

40

83
Q

peak extension torque is at __ - __ degrees of extension

A

30-70

84
Q

what muscles act to radial deviate

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi radialis longus
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
flexor carpi radialis
flexor pollicis longus

85
Q

what muscles act to ulanr deviate

A

extensor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum superficialis
extensor digitorum

Biomechanics I (4 decks)

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