Wrist and Hand pgs 86-97

Question 1

What 3 parts does the skeleton of the hand consist of?

Answer 1

Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges

Question 2

How are the digits of the hand numbered?

Answer 2

1-thumb 2-index 3-middle 4-ring 5-little finger

Question 3

What is the Thenar eminence?

Answer 3

Lateral larger and more prominent at base of the thumb. Steve def- chunk of meat at the base of the thumb

Question 4

What is the Hypothenar eminence?

Answer 4

medial, smaller proximal to 5th digit. Steve def- muscle group on the medial side of the palm

Question 5

Which types of movement are allowed in the Radiocarpal joint?

Answer 5

Lots! flexsion/extension, radial and ulnar deviation, and circumduction

Question 6

Where and what is the function of the Ulnar collateral ligament?

Answer 6

Attached to ulnar styloid process and triquetrum-it strengthens the capsule medially

Question 7

Where and what is the function of the Radial collateral ligment?

Answer 7

Attached to radial styloid process and scaphoid- strengthens capsule laterally

Question 8

Where and what is the function of the Palmar radiocarpal l.?

Answer 8

Passes from radius to two rows of carpals- strengthens capsule from palmer side- strong so hand follows radius during supination of forearm

Question 9

Where is the Palmer ulnocarpal l.?

Answer 9

passes from Ulna to first two rows of carpals

Question 10

Where and what is the function of the Dorsal radiocarpal l.?

Answer 10

It passes from the radius to two rows of carpals on dorsum of hand- strengthens capsule on dorsl side- strong so hand follows radius on pronation of the forearm

Question 11

The Carpometacarpal joint is composed of which 3 ligaments?

Answer 11

Dorsal CMC l., Palmar CMC l., Superficial and deep transverse CMC l.

Question 12

The Metacarpophalangeal joints are composed of which 3 ligaments?

Answer 12

Medial collateral l., Lateral collateral l.-cord like with thin parts that fan out and attach to the palmar ll.(plates), Deep Transverse metacarpal l.- unites palmar ll. of 2nd-5th MP joints

Question 13

Interphalangeal Joints?

Answer 13

there are distal and proximal ones (PIP) and (DIP) also each joint has a medial and lateral collateral ligament.

Question 14

<p>

| What is the Palmar Aponeurosis?</p>

Answer 14

<p>
It is deep fascia that is continous with the antebrachial fascia and fascia of the dorsum of the hand. It is thin over the thenar and hypothenar eminences.</p>

Question 15

What is the deep fascia of the palm continous with? Has 10 parts

Answer 15

Palmar Aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum, palmaris longus tendon, fibrous digital sheaths, medial fibrous septum, lateral fibrous septum, and the thenar compartment, Hypothenar compartment, central compartment, and adductor compartment…Yikes

Question 16

What are the 4 compartments of the palm?

Answer 16

Thenar, hypothenar, central, and adductor

Question 17

Where, what does the thenar space contain and what is the is it bound by?

Answer 17

Helpful to see a diagram for this. It is lateral to the lateral fibrous septum and contains the thenar mm. and is bounded by the thenar fascia

Question 18

Where, what does the hypothenar space contain, and what is it bound by?

Answer 18

It is medial to medial fobrous septum, contains hypothenar mm. and bounded anteriorly by hypothenar fascia

Question 19

Where, what is in the central compartment of the palm, and what is it bound by?

Answer 19

Between hypothenar and thenar comprtments, contains flexor tt. and sheaths, lumbricals, superficial palmar arterial arch and digital vessels and nn., bounded anteriorly by palmar aponeurosis

Question 20

Where is the adductor compartment what is it bound by?

Answer 20

Between thenar and interosseous compartments, contains adductor pollicus m.

Question 21

What are the two potential spaces that can exist in the palm?

Answer 21

Thenar space- underlies thenar compartment, lateral to lateral fibrous septum, distally relates to the synovial tendon sheath of the index finger, and proximally related to common flexor sheath distal to carpal tunnel
Midpalmar space- Underlies central compartment, lateral to medial fibrous septum, distally to synovial tendon sheath of digits 3-5, and proximally related to common flexor sheath as it emerges from the carpal tunnel

Question 22

What is a Dupuytren Contracture?

Answer 22

It is a disease of the palmar fascia on both hands in men over the age of 50. The cause is unknown and results in a progressive shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of palmar fascia. Not painful at first but over time palmar ridges start to form under the 4th and 5th digits. Those digits result in constant partial flexion. Requires surgery and has a high reoccurance rate

Question 23

What ligament forms the carpal tunnel?

Answer 23

The flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal l.)

Question 24

Which tendons go through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 24

Tendons of the FDS(flexor digitorm supercials, FDP(flexor digitorm profundus), and FPL(flexor pollicus longus). Also the median nerve between the FDS and FDP tt.

Question 25

Which structures pass over the carpal tunnel?

Answer 25

Palmaris cutaneous branch of the median nerve, radial a., Ulnar n. and a., FCU t., Palmaris Longus t., FCR t.

Question 26

Guyon Canal(tunnel) AKA- Ulnar canal. what froms it and what is in it????

Answer 26

Formed by depression between pisiform and hook of hamate, covered by pisohamate l., and forms an osseofibrous tunnel. It contains the Ulnar n. and a.

Question 27

What is up with Ulnar Canal Syndrome?

Answer 27

It is caused by compression of the Ulnar n. in the Guyon Canal. Results in: Hypoesthesia(diminished sensation) in the medial 1 1/2 digits, weakness of intrinsic hand muscles, “Clawing” may occur in 4th and 5th digits.
Unlike proximal ulnar n. injuries: ability to flew is unaffected and no radial deviation in the hand

Question 28

What do the thenar muscles do?

Answer 28

They are responsible for the opposition of the thumb

Question 29

What are the movements of the thenar muscles?

Answer 29

Extension, flexion, ABD, ADD, Opposition, and reposition