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Clinical Practice Goniometry > Wrist and Hand Goniometry > Flashcards

Wrist and Hand Goniometry Flashcards

1
Q

WRIST FLEXION

A

WRIST FLEXION

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2
Q

What is the testing position for wrist flexion?

A
  • Shoulder abducted 90°
  • Elbow flexed 90°
  • Rest forearm on supporting surface
  • Avoid radial or ulnar deviation and finger flexion
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3
Q

What is the mean ROM for wrist flexion?

A

80°

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4
Q

When testing for wrist flexion, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize the radius and ulna to prevent supination or pronation.

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5
Q

What is the end feel for wrist flexion?

A

Firm

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6
Q

Alignment (wrist flexion):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • Lateral midline of ulna
  • Lateral midline of 5th metacarpal
  • Lateral aspect of triquetrum
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7
Q

WRIST EXTENSION

A

WRIST EXTENSION

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8
Q

What is the testing position for wrist extension?

A

SAME AS WRIST FLEXION

  • Shoulder abducted 90°
  • Elbow flexed 90°
  • Rest forearm on supporting surface
  • Avoid radial or ulnar deviation and finger flexion
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9
Q

What is the mean ROM for wrist extension?

A

70°

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10
Q

When testing for wrist extension, where do we stabilize and why?

A

SAME AS WRIST FLEXION

Stabilize radius and ulna to prevent supination or pronation.

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11
Q

What is the end feel for wrist extension?

A

Firm

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12
Q

Alignment (wrist extension):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the movement arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A

SAME AS WRIST FLEXION

  • lateral midline of ulna
  • lateral midline of 5th metacarpal
  • lateral aspect of triquetrum
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13
Q

WRIST RADIAL DEVIATION

A

WRIST RADIAL DEVIATION

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14
Q

What is the testing position for radial deviation?

A
  • Shoulder abducted 90°
  • Elbow flexed 90°
  • Rest forearm on supporting surface
  • Third metacarpal parallel to dorsal midline of the forearm
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15
Q

What is the mean ROM for radial deviation?

A

20°

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16
Q

When testing radial deviation, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize the radius and ulna to prevent supination or pronation.

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17
Q

What is the end feel for radial deviation?

A

Hard

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18
Q

Alignment (radial deviation):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of forearm
  • dorsal midline of third metacarpal
  • dorsal aspect of capitate
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19
Q

WRIST ULNAR DEVIATION

A

WRIST ULNAR DEVIATION

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20
Q

What is the testing position for ulnar deviation?

A

SAME AS RADIAL DEVIATION

  • Shoulder abducted 90°
  • Elbow flexed 90°
  • Rest forearm on supporting surface
  • Third metacarpal parallel to dorsal midline of the forearm
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21
Q

What is the mean ROM for ulnar deviation?

A

30°

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22
Q

When testing ulnar deviation, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize at the radius and ulna to prevent supination or pronation.

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23
Q

What is the end feel for ulnar deviation?

A

Firm

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24
Q

Alignment (ulnar deviation):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of forearm
  • dorsal midline of third metacarpal
  • dorsal aspect of capitate
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25
Q

MCP FLEXION

A

MCP FLEXION

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26
Q

What is the testing position for MCP flexion?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand resting on surface
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in neutral pronation/supination
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27
Q

What is the mean ROM for MCP flexion?

A

90°

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28
Q

When testing MCP flexion, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize metacarpal to prevent wrist motion without holding other MCP joints in full extension.

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29
Q

What is the end feel for MCP flexion?

A

Hard or firm

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30
Q

Alignment (MCP flexion):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of metacarpal
  • dorsal line of proximal phalanx
  • dorsal aspect of MCP joint
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31
Q

MCP EXTENSION

A

MCP EXTENSION

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32
Q

What is the testing position for MCP extension?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand resting on surface
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in neutral pronation/supination
  • Avoid full flexion or extension of PIP and DIP joints
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33
Q

What is the mean ROM for MCP extension?

A

45°

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34
Q

When testing MCP extension, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize metacarpal to prevent wrist motion without holding other MCP joints in full flexion.

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35
Q

What is the end feel for MCP extension?

A

Firm

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36
Q

Alignment (MCP extension):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of metacarpal
  • dorsal midline of proximal phalanx
  • dorsal aspect of the MCP joint
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37
Q

MCP ABDUCTION

A

MCP ABDUCTION

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38
Q

What is the testing position for MCP abduction?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand resting on a supporting surface
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in neutral pronation/supination
  • Neutral MCP flexion/extension
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39
Q

What is the mean ROM for MCP abduction?

A

20°

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40
Q

When testing for MCP abduction, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize metacarpal to prevent wrist motion.

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41
Q

What is the end feel for MCP abduction?

A

Firm

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42
Q

Alignment (MCP abduction):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of metacarpal
  • dorsal midline of proximal phalanx
  • dorsal aspect of MCP joint
43
Q

PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL FLEXION

A

PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL FLEXION

44
Q

What is the testing position for proximal IP flexion?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand supported
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in neutral pronation/supination
  • Neutral MCP flexion/extension
45
Q

What is the mean ROM for proximal IP flexion?

A

100°

46
Q

When testing proximal IP flexion, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize proximal phalanx to prevent motion of the MCP joint.

47
Q

What is the end feel for proximal IP flexion?

A

Hard, sometimes soft or firm

48
Q

Alignment (proximal IP flexion):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of proximal phalanx
  • dorsal midline of middle phalanx
  • dorsal aspect of PIP joint
49
Q

PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL EXTENSION

A

PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL EXTENSION

50
Q

What is the testing position for proximal IP extension?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand supported
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in neutral pronation/supination
  • Neutral MCP flexion/extension
51
Q

What is the mean ROM for proximal IP extension?

A

0°

52
Q

When testing for proximal IP extension, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize proximal phalanx to prevent motion of the MCP joint.

53
Q

What is the end feel for proximal IP extension?

A

Firm

54
Q

Alignment (proximal IP extension):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of proximal phalanx
  • dorsal midline of middle phalanx
  • dorsal aspect of PIP joint
55
Q

DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL FLEXION

A

DISTAL INTERPHALANGEAL FLEXION

56
Q

What is the testing position for distal IP flexion?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand supported
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in neutral pronation/supination
  • Neutral MCP flexion/extension
  • PIP in 70°-90° of flexion
57
Q

What s the mean ROM for distal IP flexion?

A

90°

58
Q

When testing for distal IP flexion, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize middle and proximal phalanx to prevent motion of the PIP joint.

59
Q

What is the end feel of distal IP flexion?

A

Firm

60
Q

Alignment (distal IP flexion):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of middle phalanx
  • dorsal midline of distal phalanx
  • dorsal aspect of DIP joint
61
Q

1st CARPOMETACARPAL FLEXION

A

1st CARPOMETACARPAL FLEXION

62
Q

What is the testing position for 1st CMC flexion?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand supported
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in full supination
  • CMC joint in 0° of abduction
  • 1st MCP and IP joints in slight flexion
63
Q

What is the mean ROM for 1st CMC flexion?

A

15°

64
Q

When testing for 1st CMC flexion, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize the carpals, radius, and ulna to prevent wrist motions

65
Q

What is the end feel for 1st CMC flexion?

A

Soft or firm

66
Q

Alignment (1st CMC flexion):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • anterior midline of radius
  • anterior midline of 1st metacarpal
  • palmar aspect of CMC joint
67
Q

1st CARPOMETACARPAL EXTENSION

A

1st CARPOMETACARPAL EXTENSION

68
Q

What is the testing position for 1st CMC extension?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand supported
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in full supination
  • CMC joint in 0° of abduction
  • 1st MCP and IP joints in slight flexion
69
Q

What is the mean ROM for 1st CMC extension?

A

35°

70
Q

When testing for 1st CMC extension, where should we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize the carpals, radius, and ulna to prevent wrist motions.

71
Q

What is the end feel for 1st CMC extension?

A

Firm

72
Q

Alignment (1st CMC extension):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • anterior midline of radius
  • anterior midline of first metacarpal
  • palmar aspect of CMC joint
73
Q

1st CARPOMETACARPAL ABDUCTION

A

1st CARPOMETACARPAL ABDUCTION

74
Q

What is the testing position for 1st CMC abduction?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand supported
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in neutral supination/pronation
  • 1st CMC, MCP, and IP joints at 0 degrees of flexion
75
Q

What is the mean ROM for 1st CMC abduction?

A

70°

76
Q

When testing for 1st CMC abduction, where do we stabilize and why

A

Stabilize the carpals and 2nd metacarpal to prevent wrist motions.

77
Q

What is the end feel for 1st CMC abduction?

A

Firm

78
Q

Alignment (1st CMC abduction):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • lateral midline of the 2nd metacarpal
  • lateral midline of 1st metacarpal
  • lateral aspect of radial styloid process
79
Q

1st CARPOMETACARPAL OPPOSITION

A

1st CARPOMETACARPAL OPPOSITION

80
Q

How is opposition of the 1st CMC measured differently?

A

Measure the difference between the tip of the thumb and the center of the proximal crease of the little finger.

81
Q

1st METACARPOPHALANGEAL FLEXION

A

1st METACARPOPHALANGEAL FLEXION

82
Q

What is the testing position for 1st MCP flexion?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand supported
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in full supination
  • 1st CMC in 0° of flexion, abduction
  • 1st IP joint in 0° of flexion
83
Q

What is the mean ROM for 1st MCP flexion?

A

50°

84
Q

When testing for 1st MCP flexion, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize the 1st metacarpal to prevent wrist motion and flexion of the CMC joint.

85
Q

What is the end feel of 1st MCP flexion?

A

Hard or firm

86
Q

Alignment (1st MCP flexion):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of the metacarpal
  • dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx
  • dorsal aspect of the MCP joint
87
Q

1st METACARPOPHALANGEAL EXTENSION

A

1st METACARPOPHALANGEAL EXTENSION

88
Q

What is the testing position for 1st MCP extension?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand supported
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in full supination
  • 1st CMC joint in 0° of flexion, abduction
  • 1st IP joint in 0° of flexion
89
Q

What is the mean ROM for 1st MCP extension?

A

0°

90
Q

When testing for 1st MCP extension, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize the 1st metacarpal to prevent wrist motion and flexion of the CMC joint.

91
Q

What is the end feel for 1st MCP extension?

A

Firm

92
Q

Alignment (1st MCP extension):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of the metacarpal
  • dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx
  • dorsal aspect of the MCP joint
93
Q

1st INTERPHALANGEAL FLEXION

A

1st INTERPHALANGEAL FLEXION

94
Q

What is the testing position for 1st IP flexion?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand supported
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in full supination
  • 1st CMC joint in 0° of flexion, abduction
  • 1st MCP joint in 0° of flexion
95
Q

What is the mean ROM for 1st IP flexion?

A

80°

96
Q

When testing for 1st IP flexion, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize the 1st proximal phalanx to prevent motion of the MCP joint.

97
Q

What is the end feel for 1st IP flexion?

A

Firm, sometimes hard

98
Q

Alignment (1st IP flexion):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx
  • dorsal midline of the distal phalanx
  • dorsal aspect of the IP joint
99
Q

1st INTERPHALANGEAL EXTENSION

A

1st INTERPHALANGEAL EXTENSION

100
Q

What is the testing position for 1st IP extension?

A
  • Patient sitting, forearm and hand supported
  • Wrist in neutral flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation
  • Radioulnar joints in full supination
  • 1st CMC joint in 0° of flexion, abduction
  • 1st MCP joint in 0° of flexion
101
Q

What is the mean ROM for 1st IP extension?

A

0°

102
Q

When testing for 1st IP extension, where do we stabilize and why?

A

Stabilize the 1st proximal phalanx to prevent motion of the MCP joint.

103
Q

What is the end feel for 1st IP extension?

A

Firm

104
Q

Alignment (1st IP extension):

  • What is the stationary arm?
  • What is the moving arm?
  • What is the fulcrum?
A
  • dorsal midline of the proximal phalanx
  • dorsal midline of the distal phalanx
  • dorsal aspect of the IP joint

Clinical Practice Goniometry (3 decks)

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