Wounds Flashcards
Methods of Pathophysiology
- Modeling: physical & formalized
- Clinical experiment
- Theoretical analysis
- Medical thinking
Modeling and its types
This method models disease & pathological states. It’s used to create logical models of pathogenesis and carry out computer modeling of diseases.
Types:
1. Physical (on animals, organs or cells) Experiment methods: a) removal & analysis of organs b) inclusion - introduction of a substance in excess c) stimulation d) tissue culture e) comparative pathology
2. Formalized - logic modelling used in learning process.
Modeling capabilities & limitations
Capabilities: Modeling is used to study the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases, method of diagnosis, disease development, treatment and prevention.
Limitations: Significant difference in species’ vital processes and important role of social factors in disease occurrence, development and outcome of human diseases.
Moral and ethical aspect of experimentation on animals
Experiment on animals should be made under strictly justified need using optimal species & number of animals with the use of painkillers.
Nosology is..
a doctrine about disease
Pathologic process is..
a complex of changes in tissues at infringement of the genetic program or interaction with the sickly factor of environment
Pathological reaction is..
inadequate answer/response of living system on physiological irritation.
Pre-existing disease is..
the weakening of some sanogenetic mechanisms preceding the promotion of disease development
Disease is..
a disturbance of normal activity under the influence of injurious agents with limitation of adaptation & ability to work.
Differences between Health & Disease
Health vs Disease
1. Wide vs Narrow range of functions
2. Sufficient vs Reduced amount of functional reserves
3. Lack of vs Presence of strong linkages between functions
4. Optimum vs Reduced adaptation to changing conditions
Classification of diseases
Cause: hereditary, acquired, infectious, non-infectious, traumatic, toxic
Clinic duration: flash-like (minutes - hours), acutest (hours to 3-4 days), acute (5-14 days), subacute (15-40 days), chronic (months to years)
Topographic-anatomic: renal, pulmonary, cardiac diseases
Age: Senile, newborn, childhood disease
Stages of diseases
- Latent period
- Prodromal period
- Period of expressed manifestations
- Outcome of disease
Disease outcomes
- recovery
- remission
- relapse
- complication
- chronic form
- death
Relapse
Renewed symptoms after their easing or elimination
Complications
Pathological process developing on background of basic disease but not obligatory for disease
Remission
Temporary easing or elimination of disease manifestation
TPP Characteristics
COmplexity
Monopathogenetic
POlyetiology
STandardness of manifestations
Terminal condition is..
a reversible decrement in organism function that precedes biological death
Stages of Terminal condition
Preagony
Terminal pause
Agony
Clinical death
Typical pathological processes is..
a standard answer of the organism generated during evolution on action of damaging agents with distinct prevalence of a protective component
Mechanisms of Terminal conditions
Hypoxia
Asphyxia
Blood loss
Electric current injury
Signs of Biological death
Algor motis (cooloing)
Rigor motis (stiffness)
Livor motis (bluish color)
Decomposition (autolysis & putrefaction)
Post resuscitation disorders
Pathology based on new pathologic processes & reactions whose interaction & development defines specific features of post resuscitation
- Haemodynamic, haemostatic & metabolic disorders
- Disorder of gas exchange function of resp. system
- Liver & kidney failure
- Brain dysfunction
Irreversible changes after post resuscitation
-Complete resp. failure
-Hypoxic coma
-Exteme<PO2 & >PCO2
-Uncompensated lactic acid
-Progressive <body weight
-Pneumonia rapid progression
Conditionalism
This study refutes causality and substitutes with a sum of equivalent conditions.
Classification of causes & conditions
They can be endogenous or exogenous; hereditary, congenital or acquired; physical, chemical or biological
Concept of Etiology
Doctrine of the reasons & conditions of disease occurence.
Monocausalism
This study refutes conditions and admits only the role of cause in disease occurence
Constitutionalism
This study admits the role of body constitution in disease occurence
Pathogenesis is..
the mechanism involved with disease onset and development. It always includes damage & protective reactions & processes
Factors theory
This recognizes the plurality of reasons and conditions and their mutual influence in disease occurence
Holism
Health & disease depend on some “integrity factor”
