Wounds

Question 1

Methods of Pathophysiology

Answer 1

1. Modeling: physical & formalized
2. Clinical experiment
3. Theoretical analysis
4. Medical thinking

Question 2

Modeling and its types

Answer 2

This method models disease & pathological states. It’s used to create logical models of pathogenesis and carry out computer modeling of diseases.
Types:
1. Physical (on animals, organs or cells) Experiment methods: a) removal & analysis of organs b) inclusion - introduction of a substance in excess c) stimulation d) tissue culture e) comparative pathology
2. Formalized - logic modelling used in learning process.

Question 3

Modeling capabilities & limitations

Answer 3

Capabilities: Modeling is used to study the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases, method of diagnosis, disease development, treatment and prevention.
Limitations: Significant difference in species’ vital processes and important role of social factors in disease occurrence, development and outcome of human diseases.

Question 3

Moral and ethical aspect of experimentation on animals

Answer 3

Experiment on animals should be made under strictly justified need using optimal species & number of animals with the use of painkillers.

Question 4

Nosology is..

Answer 4

a doctrine about disease

Question 6

Pathologic process is..

Answer 6

a complex of changes in tissues at infringement of the genetic program or interaction with the sickly factor of environment

Question 6

Pathological reaction is..

Answer 6

inadequate answer/response of living system on physiological irritation.

Question 6

Pre-existing disease is..

Answer 6

the weakening of some sanogenetic mechanisms preceding the promotion of disease development

Question 6

Disease is..

Answer 6

a disturbance of normal activity under the influence of injurious agents with limitation of adaptation & ability to work.

Question 6

Differences between Health & Disease

Answer 6

Health vs Disease
1. Wide vs Narrow range of functions
2. Sufficient vs Reduced amount of functional reserves
3. Lack of vs Presence of strong linkages between functions
4. Optimum vs Reduced adaptation to changing conditions

Question 7

Classification of diseases

Answer 7

Cause: hereditary, acquired, infectious, non-infectious, traumatic, toxic
Clinic duration: flash-like (minutes - hours), acutest (hours to 3-4 days), acute (5-14 days), subacute (15-40 days), chronic (months to years)
Topographic-anatomic: renal, pulmonary, cardiac diseases
Age: Senile, newborn, childhood disease

Question 8

Stages of diseases

Answer 8

1. Latent period
2. Prodromal period
3. Period of expressed manifestations
4. Outcome of disease

Question 9

Disease outcomes

Answer 9

1. recovery
2. remission
3. relapse
4. complication
5. chronic form
6. death

Question 9

Relapse

Answer 9

Renewed symptoms after their easing or elimination

Question 9

Complications

Answer 9

Pathological process developing on background of basic disease but not obligatory for disease

Question 10

Remission

Answer 10

Temporary easing or elimination of disease manifestation

Question 10

TPP Characteristics

Answer 10

COmplexity
Monopathogenetic
POlyetiology
STandardness of manifestations

Question 10

Terminal condition is..

Answer 10

a reversible decrement in organism function that precedes biological death

Question 11

Stages of Terminal condition

Answer 11

Preagony
Terminal pause
Agony
Clinical death

Question 11

Typical pathological processes is..

Answer 11

a standard answer of the organism generated during evolution on action of damaging agents with distinct prevalence of a protective component

Question 12

Mechanisms of Terminal conditions

Answer 12

Hypoxia
Asphyxia
Blood loss
Electric current injury

Question 13

Signs of Biological death

Answer 13

Algor motis (cooloing)
Rigor motis (stiffness)
Livor motis (bluish color)
Decomposition (autolysis & putrefaction)

Question 14

Post resuscitation disorders

Answer 14

Pathology based on new pathologic processes & reactions whose interaction & development defines specific features of post resuscitation
- Haemodynamic, haemostatic & metabolic disorders
- Disorder of gas exchange function of resp. system
- Liver & kidney failure
- Brain dysfunction

Question 15

Irreversible changes after post resuscitation

Answer 15

-Complete resp. failure
-Hypoxic coma
-Exteme<PO2 & >PCO2
-Uncompensated lactic acid
-Progressive <body weight
-Pneumonia rapid progression

Question 15

Conditionalism

Answer 15

This study refutes causality and substitutes with a sum of equivalent conditions.

Question 16

Classification of causes & conditions

Answer 16

They can be endogenous or exogenous; hereditary, congenital or acquired; physical, chemical or biological

Question 16

Concept of Etiology

Answer 16

Doctrine of the reasons & conditions of disease occurence.

Question 17

Monocausalism

Answer 17

This study refutes conditions and admits only the role of cause in disease occurence

Question 18

Constitutionalism

Answer 18

This study admits the role of body constitution in disease occurence

Question 18

Pathogenesis is..

Answer 18

the mechanism involved with disease onset and development. It always includes damage & protective reactions & processes

Question 18

Factors theory

Answer 18

This recognizes the plurality of reasons and conditions and their mutual influence in disease occurence

Question 18

Holism

Answer 18

Health & disease depend on some “integrity factor”